Thesis (Ph. D. in Biomedical Engineering)--Vanderbilt University, Dec. 2004. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-94).

In this dissertation, the accuracy and reliability of non-linear finite element computations in application to surgical simulation is evaluated. The evaluation is performed through comparison between the experiment and finite element analysis of indentation of soft tissue phantom and human brain phantom. The evaluation is done in terms of the forces acting on the cylindrical Aluminium indenter and deformation of the phantoms due to these forces. The deformation of the phantoms is measured by tracking 3D motions of X-ray opaque markers implanted in the direct neighbourhood under the indenter using a custom-made biplane X-ray image intensifiers (XRII) system. The phantoms are made of Sylgard® 527 gel to simulate the hyperelastic constitutive behaviour of the brain tissue. The phantoms are prepared layer by layer to facilitate the implantation of the X-ray opaque markers. The modelling of soft tissue phantom indentation and human brain phantom indentation is performed using the ABAQUSTM/Standard finite element solver. Realistic geometry model of the human brain phantom obtained from Magnetic Resonance images is used. Specific constitutive properties of the phantom layers determined through uniaxial compression tests are used in the model. The models accurately predict the indentation force-displacement relations and marker displacements in both soft tissue phantom indentation and human brain phantom indentation. Good agreement between the experimental and modelling results verifies the reliability and accuracy of the finite element analysis techniques used in this study and confirms the predictive power of these techniques in application to surgical simulation.

Thesis (M.Ost.)--Unitec New Zealand, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-99).

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de patologías bucales en bebés atendidos en el programa de seguimiento del Niño de Alto riesgo del INMP durante el período Enero 2016 a Diciembre 2017 Materiales y métodos: Se recolectó la información de 455 historias clínicas de pacientes pertenecientes al programa de atención estomatológica Niños de Alto Riesgo en el consultorio de Odontopediatría del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva para el análisis univariado donde se aplicaron las medidas estadísticas de frecuencia absoluta y relativa, y análisis bivariado donde se aplicó la prueba de Chi2 y Exacta de Fisher (α=0,05). Resultados: Del total de 455 pacientes, 319 (70.11%) fueron diagnosticados con patologías orales y 136 (29.89%) con boca sana. Además; 127 presentaron patologías en el tejido blando (39.81%) y 192 en el tejido duro (60.19%), siendo este último el más prevalente. Del total de 24 patologías encontradas en la cavidad oral de esta población, las tres más prevalentes fueron síndrome de erupción (18.24%), defecto de desarrollo del esmalte (17.14%) y anquiloglosia (12.97%). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de los pacientes con patologías bucales fue alta (70.11%) y pacientes diagnosticados con boca sana (29.89%). / Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral pathologies in babies treated in the follow-up program of the High Risk Child of the INMP during the period January 2016 to December 2017 Materials and methods: Information was collected from 455 medical records of patients belonging to the stomatological care program Children of High Risk in the pediatric dentistry office of the National Maternal and Perinatal Institute. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics for the univariate analysis where statistical measurements of absolute and relative frequency were applied, and bivariate analysis where the Chi2 and Fisher Exacta test were applied. (α = 0.05). Results: Of the total of 455 patients, 319 (70.11%) were diagnosed with oral pathologies and 136 (29.89%) with a healthy mouth. Further; 127 presented pathologies in the soft tissue (39.81%) and 192 in the hard tissue (60.19%), the latter being the most prevalent. Of the total of 24 pathologies found in the oral cavity of this population, the three most prevalent were eruption syndrome (18.24%), enamel development defect (17.14%) and ankyloglossia (12.97%). Conclusions: The prevalence of patients with oral pathologies was high (70.11%) and patients diagnosed with healthy mouth (29.89%). / CAPÍTULO 1: INTRODUCCIÓN…………………………………………… CAPÍTULO 2: PLANTEAMIENTO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN………….. 2.1. Justificación…………………………………………………………… CAPÍTULO 3: OBJETIVOS…………………………………………………. 3.1. Objetivo general………………………………………………………. 3.2. Objetivos específicos………………………………………………… CAPÍTULO 4: MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS……………………………….. 4.1 Diseño del estudio……………………………………………………... 4.2 Población y/o Muestra………………………………………………….. 4.3 Operacionalización de variables………………………………………. 4.4 Técnicas y/o procedimientos………………………………………….. 4.5 Plan de análisis…………………………………………………………. 4.6 Consideraciones éticas…………………………………………………. CAPÍTULO 5: RESULTADOS…………………………………………………. CAPÍTULO 6: DISCUSIÓN…………………………………………………….. CAPÍTULO 7: CONCLUSIONES………………………………………………… CAPÍTULO 8: REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS…………………………………. ANEXOS……………………………………………………………………. / Tesis

Introdução: Considerando-se a crescente tendência da utilização de próteses sobre implantes tanto em nossa população quanto em âmbito mundial, ganha importância o estudo das diversas condições envolvidas na longevidade e funcionalidade dessas peças para os indivíduos em geral. Objetivo: Determinar a ocorrência de alterações patológicas associadas a próteses totais implantadas e correlacioná-las a variáveis individuais, das peças protéticas e à participação de leveduras do gênero Candida nesses indivíduos. Metodologia: Pacientes portadores de próteses sobre implantes foram avaliados no momento da remoção das peças para controle e manutenção, após anuência com os termos do consentimento livre e esclarecido. Os participantes tiveram seus fluxos salivares totais avaliados inicialmente. Após a remoção das próteses, as peças foram avaliadas tecnicamente (próteses, implantes, parafusos e abutments), a boca examinada clinicamente, as condições da mucosa subjacente às próteses foram anotadas, e eventuais lesões associadas às próteses foram avaliadas e tratadas. Paralelamente foi realizada coleta de material para exame micológico de dois sítios - mucosa sob a prótese e base da prótese. O material foi coletado com auxílio de swabs e transferido a placas com meio de cultura diferencial (Chromagar®) para observação de crescimento e identificação de leveduras. Resultados: Foram coletados dados referentes a 91 participantes e 102 próteses sobre implantes. Trinta e quadro homens e 57 mulheres com idade média de 66,6 anos. Quatro overdentures, 72 protocolos inferiores e 26 superiores. Nenhum participante apresentou hipossalivação. Candida spp foram identificadas em 70,3% das arcadas inferiores e 85,7% das arcadas superiores. O tempo de uso das próteses interferiu na porcentagem de identificação das leveduras. Candida albicans foi a principal espécie identificada (93% dos casos positivos). Outras espécies identificadas foram: Candida glabrata, C. kruzei e C. tropicalis. Técnicas de higienização adicionais à escovação convencional reduziram a contaminação pelos fungos, enquanto hábitos de fumar ou consumir bebidas alcoólicas a aumentaram. Inflamação em mucosa relacionou-se positivamente à presença de Candida em mucosa e próteses. Oito participantes foram submetidos a intervenções cirúrgicas para remoção de processos proliferativos inflamatórios (8,8%). Foram avaliados 532 implantes, registrando-se perda de 1,13% deles e necessidade de reaperto em 271 parafusos (50,1%). Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e submetidos a testes estatísticos adequados ao tipo de dados obtidos. Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos nesta investigação sugerem que os cirurgiões dentistas que trabalham na área da Implantodontia devem rever seus protocolos de orientação aos pacientes e regimes de manutenção das próteses totais sobre implantes, a fim de manter a saúde dos indivíduos, prevenir lesões inflamatórias nos tecidos orais e proporcionar longevidade à reabilitação. / Introduction: Considering the increasing tendency of the use of prostheses on implants in both our population and worldwide, it is important to study the several conditions involved in the longevity and functionality of these parts for individuals in general. Aim: To determine the occurrence of pathological changes associated with full-arch implant-supported fixed prostheses and to correlate them with individual variables, prosthetic specimens and the participation of Candida yeasts in these individuals. Methodology: Patients with full-arch implant-supported fixed prostheses and overdentures were evaluated at the time of removal of the parts for control and maintenance, after consent with the terms of free and informed consent. The participants had their total salivary flows initially evaluated. After the removal of the prosthesis, the pieces were evaluated technically (prostheses, implants, screws and abutments), the mouth examined clinically, the conditions of the mucosa underlying the prostheses were noted, and any lesions associated with the prostheses were evaluated and treated. In parallel, material was collected for mycological examination of two sites - mucosa under the prosthesis and base of the prosthesis. The material was collected with the help of swabs and transferred to plates with differential culture medium (Chromagar®) for observation of growth and identification of yeasts. Results: Data were collected on 91 participants and 102 implants. Thirty-one men and 57 women with mean age of 66.6 years. Four overdentures, 72 in the lower arch and 26 in the upper arch. No participant presented hyposalivation. Candida spp. were identified in 70.3% of the lower arches and 85.7% of the upper arches. The time of use of the prostheses interfered in the percentage of identification of the yeasts. Candida albicans was the main species identified (93% of the positive cases). Other species identified were: Candida glabrata, C. kruzei and C. tropicalis. Hygiene techniques in addition to conventional brushing reduced fungal contamination, while smoking or drinking increased. Inflammation in mucosa was positively related to the presence of Candida in mucosa and prostheses. Eight participants underwent surgical interventions to remove proliferative inflammatory processes (8.8%). A total of 532 implants were evaluated, with a loss of 1,13% of them and the need to re-tighten 271 screws (50.1%). Data were analyzed descriptively and submitted to statistical tests appropriate to the type of data obtained. Conclusions: The results obtained in this research suggest that dental surgeons working in the implantology area should review their patient orientation protocols and maintenance of full-arch implant-supported fixed prostheses in order to maintain the health of individuals, prevent inflammatory lesions in tissues oral and provide longevity to rehabilitation.

Orientador: Jose Inacio de Oliveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T17:45:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_VeraLuciaMartinez_D.pdf: 20761528 bytes, checksum: e07d8874c527947dd41ebd43cf4e86a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A pesquisa teve como objetivo propor um protocolo de investigação de alterações dos tecidos moles, perceptíveis à palpação em pacientes com LER/DORT. A metodologia proposta verificou, por meio de um estudo preliminar, a região a ser avaliada, a demarcação anatômica e o equipamento com especificação a ser utilizado na realização das medidas. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram selecionados obedecendo a critérios que permitiam a verificação das alterações nos tecidos moles. A população avaliada constituiu-se de 20 homens com média de idade de 41,4 anos, massa corporal média de 76 kg, altura média de 1,71 m e índice de massa corporal (IMC) médio de 26,02 kg/m2; e de 20 mulheres com idade média de 37,9 anos, massa corporal média de 62,7 kg, altura média de 1,64 m e índice de massa corporal (IMC) médio de 23,6 kg/m2. Por meio de técnica palpatória, foi examinada a região do antebraço do membro superior dominante de dez homens e dez mulheres adoecidos com LER/DOR, e dez homens e dez mulheres sem adoecimento no membro superior, porém acometidos de lesão em outra área Os resultados foram submetidos ao cálculo da significância (p < 0,05) e determinou-se a variabilidade das amostras, testando hipóteses. Estes se apresentaram estatisticamente significantes no grupo de mulheres com adoecimento (63 cm) em comparação com as mulheres sem adoecimento (75 cm), mostrando diminuição no deslocamento tecidual na região muscular (terço proximal) do antebraço do membro superior dominante em mulheres com lesão. O fato de se obter resultados significativos no grupo de mulheres suscitou a discussão sobre o adoecimento e suas conseqüências na população trabalhadora feminina. Estudos específicos sobre gênero mostram que os riscos são maiores em mulheres, porém a distribuição da morbidade não está vinculada ao gênero. O experimento visou à elaboração de um protocolo de investigação quantitativa das aderências em tecidos moles e, ainda à comprovação metodológica da coleta desses dados. Porém verificou-se, nos resultados obtidos, possibilidades de se estabelecer parâmetros que possam, de maneira simplificada, mostrar possíveis alterações nos tecidos moles A importância prática desta investigação está na utilidade do dado quantificado para complementar e reafirmar avaliações osteomusculares para fins de diagnósticos de incapacidade em pacientes com LER/DORT. A quantificação pode auxiliar no discernimento subjetivo que envolve a avaliação desses pacientes / Abstract: The research aimed at proposing an investigation protocol for palpable soft tissues in RSI patients Through a preliminary study, the proposed methodology checked the area to be evaluated, the anatomical delimitation of this area as well as the equipment to be used for measurement and specifications. Research subjects were selected pursuant to criteria that allow for the checking of soft tissue abnormalities. The subject population consisted of 20 males averaging 41.4 years of age, 76 kg. body mass average, 1.71 m. average height and average Body Mass Index (BMI) equal to 26.02 kgm2, and 20 females averaging 37.9 years of age, 62.7 kg body mass average, 1.64 m. average height and average Body Mass Index (BMI) equal to 23 6 kgm2 Through palpation technique, the forearm area of the dominant superior limb was examined. The subjects were 10 men and 10 women diagnosed of RSI in the area under scrutiny, and 10 men and 10 women without RSI diagnosis in such area, although injured in other areas. The results were submitted to significance calculation (p < 0.05) and the variability of the samples was determined through hypothesis test These showed to be statistically significant in the positive RSI diagnosis women's group (63 cm) as compared to the healthy women sample (75 cm), the first subjects presenting tissues displacement decrease at the muscle area (proximal third) of the upper limb forearm in positive RSI diagnosis women's group. The issue of significant results having been found in the women's group raised the point of RSI in the female working population. Specific studies on gender show that risks are higher in women, however, the morbidity distribution is not linked to gender. The experiment aimed at preparing a protocol for quantitative investigation of soft tissue adherence and providing methodologic proof of the collection of those data. However, in the obtained results we saw possibilities of establishing parameters that could, in a simplified way, show possible changes in soft tissues. This investigation importance to everyday use is that this quantified datum complements and reasserts osteo-muscular evaluations for disability diagnoses of RSI patients. This quantification may aid to the subjective discernment required to the evaluation of RSI patients / Doutorado / Saude Coletiva / Doutor em Saude Coletiva

Introdução: Considerando-se a crescente tendência da utilização de próteses sobre implantes tanto em nossa população quanto em âmbito mundial, ganha importância o estudo das diversas condições envolvidas na longevidade e funcionalidade dessas peças para os indivíduos em geral. Objetivo: Determinar a ocorrência de alterações patológicas associadas a próteses totais implantadas e correlacioná-las a variáveis individuais, das peças protéticas e à participação de leveduras do gênero Candida nesses indivíduos. Metodologia: Pacientes portadores de próteses sobre implantes foram avaliados no momento da remoção das peças para controle e manutenção, após anuência com os termos do consentimento livre e esclarecido. Os participantes tiveram seus fluxos salivares totais avaliados inicialmente. Após a remoção das próteses, as peças foram avaliadas tecnicamente (próteses, implantes, parafusos e abutments), a boca examinada clinicamente, as condições da mucosa subjacente às próteses foram anotadas, e eventuais lesões associadas às próteses foram avaliadas e tratadas. Paralelamente foi realizada coleta de material para exame micológico de dois sítios - mucosa sob a prótese e base da prótese. O material foi coletado com auxílio de swabs e transferido a placas com meio de cultura diferencial (Chromagar®) para observação de crescimento e identificação de leveduras. Resultados: Foram coletados dados referentes a 91 participantes e 102 próteses sobre implantes. Trinta e quadro homens e 57 mulheres com idade média de 66,6 anos. Quatro overdentures, 72 protocolos inferiores e 26 superiores. Nenhum participante apresentou hipossalivação. Candida spp foram identificadas em 70,3% das arcadas inferiores e 85,7% das arcadas superiores. O tempo de uso das próteses interferiu na porcentagem de identificação das leveduras. Candida albicans foi a principal espécie identificada (93% dos casos positivos). Outras espécies identificadas foram: Candida glabrata, C. kruzei e C. tropicalis. Técnicas de higienização adicionais à escovação convencional reduziram a contaminação pelos fungos, enquanto hábitos de fumar ou consumir bebidas alcoólicas a aumentaram. Inflamação em mucosa relacionou-se positivamente à presença de Candida em mucosa e próteses. Oito participantes foram submetidos a intervenções cirúrgicas para remoção de processos proliferativos inflamatórios (8,8%). Foram avaliados 532 implantes, registrando-se perda de 1,13% deles e necessidade de reaperto em 271 parafusos (50,1%). Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e submetidos a testes estatísticos adequados ao tipo de dados obtidos. Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos nesta investigação sugerem que os cirurgiões dentistas que trabalham na área da Implantodontia devem rever seus protocolos de orientação aos pacientes e regimes de manutenção das próteses totais sobre implantes, a fim de manter a saúde dos indivíduos, prevenir lesões inflamatórias nos tecidos orais e proporcionar longevidade à reabilitação. / Introduction: Considering the increasing tendency of the use of prostheses on implants in both our population and worldwide, it is important to study the several conditions involved in the longevity and functionality of these parts for individuals in general. Aim: To determine the occurrence of pathological changes associated with full-arch implant-supported fixed prostheses and to correlate them with individual variables, prosthetic specimens and the participation of Candida yeasts in these individuals. Methodology: Patients with full-arch implant-supported fixed prostheses and overdentures were evaluated at the time of removal of the parts for control and maintenance, after consent with the terms of free and informed consent. The participants had their total salivary flows initially evaluated. After the removal of the prosthesis, the pieces were evaluated technically (prostheses, implants, screws and abutments), the mouth examined clinically, the conditions of the mucosa underlying the prostheses were noted, and any lesions associated with the prostheses were evaluated and treated. In parallel, material was collected for mycological examination of two sites - mucosa under the prosthesis and base of the prosthesis. The material was collected with the help of swabs and transferred to plates with differential culture medium (Chromagar®) for observation of growth and identification of yeasts. Results: Data were collected on 91 participants and 102 implants. Thirty-one men and 57 women with mean age of 66.6 years. Four overdentures, 72 in the lower arch and 26 in the upper arch. No participant presented hyposalivation. Candida spp. were identified in 70.3% of the lower arches and 85.7% of the upper arches. The time of use of the prostheses interfered in the percentage of identification of the yeasts. Candida albicans was the main species identified (93% of the positive cases). Other species identified were: Candida glabrata, C. kruzei and C. tropicalis. Hygiene techniques in addition to conventional brushing reduced fungal contamination, while smoking or drinking increased. Inflammation in mucosa was positively related to the presence of Candida in mucosa and prostheses. Eight participants underwent surgical interventions to remove proliferative inflammatory processes (8.8%). A total of 532 implants were evaluated, with a loss of 1,13% of them and the need to re-tighten 271 screws (50.1%). Data were analyzed descriptively and submitted to statistical tests appropriate to the type of data obtained. Conclusions: The results obtained in this research suggest that dental surgeons working in the implantology area should review their patient orientation protocols and maintenance of full-arch implant-supported fixed prostheses in order to maintain the health of individuals, prevent inflammatory lesions in tissues oral and provide longevity to rehabilitation.

Die Untersuchung von Gewaltopfern und die Dokumentation von Verletzungen gehört zur Routinetätigkeit in der Klinischen Rechtsmedizin. Am häufigsten werden Folgen stumpfer Gewalteinwirkung festgestellt. Diese Untersuchungen geraten an ihre Grenzen, wenn z.B. Hautunterblutungen (noch) nicht oder bereits nicht mehr sichtbar sind. Die vorliegende Arbeit belegt den Nutzen von ultravioletter (UV) Strahlung zur Sichtbarmachung verblasster und mit bloßem Auge nicht erkennbare Hämatome. Die durch UV-Strahlung hervorgerufene Fluoreszenz von gesundem im Vergleich zu geschädigtem Gewebe kann teils noch bis zu Monate nach einer Verletzung Unterschiede aufweisen. Somit stellt das hier untersuchte Verfahren eine kostengünstige, schnelle und zuverlässige Alternative des Methodenspektrums rechtsmedizinischer Untersuchungstechniken dar.:1. Bibliographische Beschreibung 2. Introduction 3. Background 3.1. Hematoma 3.2. Electromagnetic radiation 3.3. Fluorescence 3.4. UV radiation 3.5. UV-induced fluorescence 3.6. Hematoma fluorescence 3.7. UV-photography 3.8. Alternative non-invasive 4. Motivation & Purpose of this Thesis 5. Publication 6. Summary & Conclusion 6.1. Background 6.2. Aim 6.3. Material and Method 6.4. Results 6.5. Thesis 6.6. Conclusion 7. Appendix 7.1. Bibliography 7.2. Core Data 7.3. Declaration of Independence 7.4. Curriculum vitae 7.5. Publications 7.6. Acknowledgements / Identification and age determination of hematomas is daily work in forensic medicine. Following blunt trauma, a hematoma may be visible between a few hours and up to three weeks. Patients presenting their injuries outside of that timeframe usually miss visual signs. Various studies indicate that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can aid the process of hematoma identification, when visible signs are vague or even absent. In this thesis hematoma identification using UV- induced fluorescence is discussed as simple, economic and convenient method.:1. Bibliographische Beschreibung 2. Introduction 3. Background 3.1. Hematoma 3.2. Electromagnetic radiation 3.3. Fluorescence 3.4. UV radiation 3.5. UV-induced fluorescence 3.6. Hematoma fluorescence 3.7. UV-photography 3.8. Alternative non-invasive 4. Motivation & Purpose of this Thesis 5. Publication 6. Summary & Conclusion 6.1. Background 6.2. Aim 6.3. Material and Method 6.4. Results 6.5. Thesis 6.6. Conclusion 7. Appendix 7.1. Bibliography 7.2. Core Data 7.3. Declaration of Independence 7.4. Curriculum vitae 7.5. Publications 7.6. Acknowledgements

Células mesenquimais indiferenciadas humanas foram obtidas por digestão enzimática e centrifugação do produto de lipoaspiração, expandidas in vitro, e implantadas no tecido subcutâneo de camundongos atímicos. No grupo I, cada animal recebeu o implante de uma membrana de 0,25cm2 de ácido glicólico e carbonato de trimetileno semeada com 1 x 106 destas células .No grupo II, cada um recebeu a injeção de 0,2ml de gel de ácido hialurônico reticulado contendo o mesmo número destas células. Com três semanas de implante, células humanas e vasos foram identificados nos dois carreadores. Entretanto, com oito semanas, somente no gel de ácido hialurônico as células humanas e os vasos estavam presentes / Human undifferentiated mesenchymal cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion and centrifugation of the product of liposuction. These cells were expanded, in vitro, and implanted subcutaneously in athymic mice. In group I, each animal received the implant of a 0,25cm2 membrane of glycolic acid and trimethylene carbonate, seeded with 1 x 106 of these cells. In group II, each one received 0,2 ml of cross-linked hyaluronic acid gel containing the same amount of these cells. With three weeks of implantation, human cells and vessels were identified in both carriers. However, with eight weeks of implantation, only in hyaluronic acid gel human cells and vessels were present