由於我國加入世界貿易組織後，使得大量的動植物及其產品的進出口，將會迅速地增加，國外動植物疫情隨貨品引入的機會也大大增加了許多，所以行政院農業委員會動植物防疫檢疫局所演的角色便相當重要。因為它必須和國外重要貿易國家作資料的交換，而目前的方式有電話、傳真及紙本等傳統方式。隨著網際網路的盛行與普及，使用網際網路傳輸的資料的可行性增大，而究竟可以如何透過網際網路傳輸所需要的資料呢？ 近年來我國政府推動大力「電子化政府」的政策，身為政府單位的防檢局當然也不例外，目前也正準備逐年更新其電子檢疫發證資訊系統，並且隨著各相關局處內外電子化的完成，和國外貿易國家防檢疫單位間，透過網際網路交換防檢疫資料的可能性，也大幅地向上提升許多。 本研究即是針對國外目前所使用的封閉性網路，以EDI為主；其他開放性網路下以XML為基礎的點對點方式與電子中心的方式，做一個探討。並試圖去思考如何參考國外目前資料交換的傳輸模式及電子商務上資料交換的經驗，並藉由本研究的資料交換模式設計，來進行資料交換的實現。用以解決點對點間的資料交換、異質系統間的資料傳遞及資料傳遞的安全性等，以建立一套共同的資料交換機制IQDE-Hub，使資料的交換成為可行。 / Recently it contains many types of data exchages in the application of electronic commerce. ECs are B-to-B (Business to Business), B-to-C (Business to Consumer) and C-to-C (Consumer to Consumer). So there are many types of data exchages in the world. They contain EDI of private network, XML based and E-Hub of public network. This study will establish a methodology. It provides many other countries to share common data with each other. The data exchange mechanisms of this study can solve three main problems of other data exchange mechanisms. They are point-to-point data exchange, data exchage between different information systems and security of data exchange. The exchange mechanisms of this study called IQDE-Hub (Inspection and Quaratine Data Exchange-Hub). In this study, we can see that it provides a method to exchange data between other countries. So we have not to use other methods which include telephone, fax, mail and so on by human. We can exchange data by using electronic type.

一如個人電腦(PC)、筆記型電腦(NB)等硬體產業走向分工製造模式之際，近年來，台灣的軟體產業也試圖建置起一個完善的分工體系，以收專業化的實效；故現階段大型軟體專案的開發漸以多人、異地的團隊，在共同的軟體基礎架構上來進行。軟體業者分工的想法和硬體業者如出一轍，但在發展成果尚有一段的差距；透過Web Service技術，現階段之研究已能初步建立起以軟體元件為基礎之軟體產業的水平分工整合模式，然而在軟體元件的管理上（如元件的儲存、搜尋及檢索等)，仍有很大的改善空間。 採行軟體元件分工模式來組裝、開發資訊系統，意味著系統整合廠商需能方便地取得符合其功能需求之軟體元件。基於此，若能建置一元件儲存庫，並提供完善的儲存、搜尋及檢索機制以提供系統整合廠商找尋其所需元件，應能提升軟體元件分工的成效。而一個良好的元件儲存庫應具備一系列完善的綱要(Schema)，用來進行元件分類，並詳述儲存於元件庫內之元件的特性。 本研究之目的即在於發展出一個能支援軟體產業分工的軟體元件管理模式；以元件式軟體供應鏈水平整合為基礎，提出一軟體元件之分類綱要，及知識導向之元件儲存庫架構來儲存、搜尋、並檢索適用的軟體元件，同時，也期望透過元件知識推論專家系統的發展，來提升元件檢索之效益。另一方面，元件選擇流程中的元件評估階段也是本研究所要探討的主題。 / In recent years, the software industry in Taiwan attempts to build a complete system of division of labor to obtain the effectiveness of specialization as the computer hardware industry did in implementing the mechanism of supply chain management successfully. The idea of software component supply chain is similar to the concept of supply chain model of hardware industry. Although some models of horizontal integration of software industry have already been proposed, management mechanisms of software components are seldom considered in these models (ex: storage, searching, and retrieval). To effectively adopt the software component supply chain to achieve the horizontal division of labor, the system integration (SI) companies should be able to access software components, which conform to their functional requirements, conveniently. Therefore, if we can develop a component repository and a mechanism for storing, searching and retrieving the components in the repository. The purpose of this research is to develop a software component management model, which can support the division of labor in software component supply chain, based on the component-based software industry horizontal integration. Firstly, we will propose a descriptive schema to describe and to classify the software components. Secondly, we will use this schema to design a knowledge-based component repository, which is used for storing, searching and retrieving suitable software components. Also, we develop an expert system for inferring component knowledge in order to improve the performance of component retrieving. Finally, the component evaluation in the process of component selection will be important subjects to be addressed in this research.

關鍵詞：軟體元件供應鏈、水平整合、企業資源規劃、ebXML、Web Service 近年來國內資訊硬體產業分工模式完整、廠商表現亮眼，不僅外銷國外市場，有些更擁有高自有品牌知名度，在在可窺視硬體產業之供應鏈管理推行的成效。相對於硬體產業而言，雖然國內軟體業者對於上下游廠商的定義劃分不很清楚，但事實上已然存在著相當程度的分工，在專案或產品開發角色上彼此合作。隨著軟體元件概念與技術的進步與普及，分工程度漸趨專業的可能性增大，究竟軟體產業可以存在著何種分工模式呢？ 本研究即是針對國內軟體產業，實行軟體元件供應鏈(Software Component Supply Chain)的相關合作機制做一個探討，試圖去思考如何參考國內資訊硬體廠商的專業分工模式及供應鏈管理推動成功的經驗，而達成國內軟體產業供應鏈管理的推行。 本研究以企業資源規劃(Enterprise ReSource Planning)系統的套裝軟體業者為例，提出一個水平整合(Horizontal Integration)各模組的方法論，並設計出相對應的解決方案，再加以實作驗證。本研究於技術上使用類似於ebXML的流程整合技術，並利用XML及網路服務(Web Service)等方式來達到元件之間鬆散耦合的目的。 若不同之企業資源規劃系統套裝軟體中的各個模組，可以依照需求而方便的進行某個程度的水平整合，則軟體元件供應鏈的藍圖已然勾勒出來，也勢必將帶給軟體業者一個勢力重分配的機會。本研究除了希望能解決模組問水平整合相關的技術瓶頸外，軟體產業未來的元件分工模式，也是本研究所要探討的主題。 / Keywords: Software Component Supply Chain, Horizontal Integration, Enterprise Resource Planning, ebXML, Web Service In recent years, the computer hardware industry contributes a splendid performance in Taiwan. In addition to the export to foreign country, some even have a well-known brand. With no doubt, we can see the whole picture of the intact-division of labor in the hardware industry, and the outstanding performance of its carrying out supply chain management. Although the definition of division between upstream and downstream is not so clear in the software industry, there do exist a division of labor to some degree. As the popularity and progress of the concepts and technologies of the software component, the possibility of specialization in division of labor will get increasing in the software industry. There is an interesting research topic, which form of division of labor will exist in the software industry after all. The focus of this study is on the collaborative mechanism of software component supply chain in the software industry. We try to figure out how to refer to the successful experience of hardware industry implementing supply chain management to drive the supply chain management of the software component in domestic software industry. This study will takes the ERP package vendors as the study object to propose a methodology of horizontal integration of different software packages and to do further implementation for verification. Technically, this study applies an ebXML-like process-oriented integration technology, and facilitates the purpose of low coupling between components by using XML and web service technology. If the integration among the modules of different ERP packages could be made to some extent, the picture of division of labor in the software industry could be outlined, and it also will brings the software vendors some chance to re-allocate. In addition to solve the bottlenecks of technical problems of software horizontal integration, the future model of division of labor in software industry will be also a subject to address in this study.

A tecnologia de componentes de software é propícia para encapsular questões técnicas de implementação e favorecer o reúso entre aplicações, o que é particularmente relevante no desenvolvimento de aplicações colaborativas na Web. Este trabalho utiliza a plataforma Groupware Workbench nesse contexto. A aplicação social Arquigrafia foi a principal motivadora dessa evolução. O Arquigrafia é um ambiente colaborativo para o estudo de arquitetura e compartilhamento de imagens fortemente baseado em colaboração e inteligência coletiva. Como o conceito de inteligência coletiva é muito amplo e mal definido, foi realizada uma análise de domínio e uma classificação das técnicas e seus usos nos sistemas atuais. Também foi feito o mapeamento e a implementação das funcionalidades do Arquigrafia em componentes do Groupware Workbench e executada uma avaliação da plataforma em quatro vertentes, sendo elas: arquitetura de componentes; suporte à colaboração; arquitetura técnica; e percepção dos desenvolvedores. Limitações tecnológicas e conceituais foram identificadas, como por exemplo, o modelo de mapeamento objeto-relacional e questões ligadas à flexibilidade. Essas limitações e colocações foram tratadas e avaliadas na plataforma, resultando em melhorias na arquitetura dos componentes e na simplificação do código. O Groupware Workbench no geral mostrou-se viável para o desenvolvimento de uma aplicação colaborativa real na Web 2.0. / Software components technology is favorable to encapsulate implementation technical issues and encourage the reuse among applications. These characteristics are particularly relevant in the development of web-based collaborative applications. This work evaluates and evolves the Groupware Workbench platform in this context. The social application Arquigrafia was the main motivation for this evolution. Arquigrafia is a collaborative environment for the study of architecture and image sharing strongly based on collaboration and collective intelligence. Since the concept of collective intelligence is very broad, we performed a domain analysis and a classification of its use in current systems. We also implemented the Arquigrafia features using Groupware Workbench components and evaluated the platform in four areas: components architecture; collaboration support; technical architecture; and developers perspective. We identified technological and conceptual limitations, as for example, the adopted object-relational mapping model and issues related to the flexibility of the platform. These limitations were treated and evaluated. We noted improvements in the architecture of the components and code simplification. As a result, the Groupware Workbench was a feasible solution for developing the Arquigrafia application.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:05:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFJA.pdf: 3257954 bytes, checksum: 6cf58fbd124ba9dd6b97f1f8ea5b6b2a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-09-05 / With the technological evolution and the increasing utilization of the Internet, companies and governmental institutions have been looking for modern solution to replace and improve their legacy systems. These kind of solutions require high investments, being able to use the reengineering process in these cases. A maner to modify these systems is through reengineering of their interfaces, by wrapping of their logic. This technique preserves the native environment of system and its functionalities, reducing in time and cost the reengineering process. To support the migration of legacies systems in a general way, there is an Interface Reengineering Process (IRP), whose accomplish the wrapping of its functionalities and connect them with a new user Web interface. This Web interface connects itself with the identified components of the legacy system following the special resources that they offer. The IRP is summarized by the study of the interface and logic of the system. In this way, it possible to accomplish the system organization for the wrapping to be done, which is composed by the legacies functionalities covered by a new software layer. This new layer makes possible the communication with the new user interface, which has developed according to the usability criteria. The systems used as case studies were developed using Delphi environment, with or without object orientation characteristics. In this work only systems developed without object orientation characteristics are presented in details. With the use of the new process proposed here, the interface can be developed in any paradigm, while the legacy code remains as the original, simplyfing the system maintenance. / Com a evolução tecnológica e com a crescente utilização da Internet, empresas e instituições governamentais desejam migrar seus sistemas desenvolvidos com recursos computacionais antigos (legados) para mais modernos. No entanto, essa é uma tarefa que requer investimentos elevados, podendo o processo de reengenharia ser utilizado nesses casos. Uma forma de modificar esses sistemas é por meio da reengenharia da sua interface, através do empacotamento de sua lógica (wrapping). Essa técnica preserva o ambiente nativo do sistema e suas funcionalidades, reduzindo em tempo e custo o processo de reengenharia. Para apoiar a migração de sistemas legados propõe-se um Processo de Reengenharia de Interface (PRI) que apóia a migração de sistemas legados de maneira geral, realizando o empacotamento de suas funcionalidades e acoplando uma nova interface do usuário para Web. A nova interface do usuário será disponibilizada para Web, que se comunica com os componentes identificados no sistema legado de acordo com os recursos especiais que eles oferecem. O PRI resume-se no estudo da interface e da lógica do sistema. Com isso, pode-se realizar a organização do sistema para que seja realizado seu empacotamento, que corresponde ao revestimento das funcionalidades legadas por uma camada de software, viabilizando a comunicação com a nova interface do usuário, desenvolvida segundo critérios de usabilidade. Os sistemas utilizados como estudo de casos são desenvolvidos no ambiente Delphi com ou sem características da orientação a objetos. Neste trabalho somente os desenvolvidos sem características da orientação a objetos são apresentados em detalhes. Com a aplicação desse processo, somente a interface passa a ser desenvolvida em um outro paradigma, mas o código legado permanece como o original, facilitando a tarefa dos mantenedores do sistema.

Pour mieux maîtriser ses flux énergétiques et respecter les diverses restrictions mises en place dans ce secteur énergivore, le bâtiment devient un système de plus en plus complexe incluant divers technologies innovantes comme les systèmes de gestion énergétiques (SGEB), une isolation performante et intégrant les énergies renouvelables. Cette complexité exige un changement dans les techniques et paradigmes actuels de simulation du bâtiment pour la prise en compte de ses diverses évolutions. Une modélisation globale des différents composants de ce système et une simulation efficace de ses sous-systèmes hétérogènes doivent être dorénavant assurées.Ces objectifs ne pourront être atteints qu'à travers l’exploitation des approches méthodologiques d’interopérabilité. Plusieurs solutions d’interopérabilités ont été exploitées dans le secteur du bâtiment. L’état de l’art dans ce secteur, met l’accent sur le manque de standardisation des solutions appliquées. Une approche boîte blanche se basant sur le langage Modelica a remarquablement émergée. Pour monter ses intérêts ainsi que ses limites, cette solution est adoptée pour la modélisation du système de bâtiment «PREDIS», à haute performance énergétique. Une approche boîte noire complémentaire, s’appuyant sur le standard de composant logiciel dédié à la simulation, est également mise en ouvre pour palier aux difficultés rencontrées en utilisant la première approche de modélisation système. Cette approche s’articule autour du concept de bus à composants permettant une interopérabilité effective entre outils de modélisation et environnements de simulation. En plus de l’architecture logicielle autour de la plateforme d’interopérabilité, une simulation efficace du système hétérogène requière des techniques de simulations adaptées. Ces dernières peuvent exiger des adaptations des modèles utilisés qui sont prévues par la norme de composant. / To better reduce its invoices, control its energy flows and respect various restrictions in this sector characterised by important consumption, the building becomes more and more complex including various innovative technologies such as Energy Management Systems (BEMS), efficient insulation and integrating renewable energies. This complexity requires a changing in building simulation techniques and paradigms in order to take into account its various developments. A global modelling of this system taking into account its various components and ensuring an efficient simulation of its heterogeneous subsystems must be performed.These objectives can only be achieved through the use of interoperability methodological approaches. Several interoperability solutions have been explored in the building sector and the state of the art make an accent on the standardization lack of applied solutions. A white box approach based on Modelica language has emerged in this area. To raise its interest and limitations, this solution is adopted for “PREDIS” system, a high energy performance building, modelling. A complementary black box approach, based on software component standard and dedicated for simulation is also applied to overcome the first approach difficulties. This approach is based on software component bus concept that is able to ensure an effective interoperability between modelling tools and simulation environments.In addition of the established software architecture around the platform interoperability, an efficient simulation of heterogeneous systems requires appropriate simulations techniques. These techniques may require several adaptations of used models that are provided by the component standard.

A tecnologia de componentes de software é propícia para encapsular questões técnicas de implementação e favorecer o reúso entre aplicações, o que é particularmente relevante no desenvolvimento de aplicações colaborativas na Web. Este trabalho utiliza a plataforma Groupware Workbench nesse contexto. A aplicação social Arquigrafia foi a principal motivadora dessa evolução. O Arquigrafia é um ambiente colaborativo para o estudo de arquitetura e compartilhamento de imagens fortemente baseado em colaboração e inteligência coletiva. Como o conceito de inteligência coletiva é muito amplo e mal definido, foi realizada uma análise de domínio e uma classificação das técnicas e seus usos nos sistemas atuais. Também foi feito o mapeamento e a implementação das funcionalidades do Arquigrafia em componentes do Groupware Workbench e executada uma avaliação da plataforma em quatro vertentes, sendo elas: arquitetura de componentes; suporte à colaboração; arquitetura técnica; e percepção dos desenvolvedores. Limitações tecnológicas e conceituais foram identificadas, como por exemplo, o modelo de mapeamento objeto-relacional e questões ligadas à flexibilidade. Essas limitações e colocações foram tratadas e avaliadas na plataforma, resultando em melhorias na arquitetura dos componentes e na simplificação do código. O Groupware Workbench no geral mostrou-se viável para o desenvolvimento de uma aplicação colaborativa real na Web 2.0. / Software components technology is favorable to encapsulate implementation technical issues and encourage the reuse among applications. These characteristics are particularly relevant in the development of web-based collaborative applications. This work evaluates and evolves the Groupware Workbench platform in this context. The social application Arquigrafia was the main motivation for this evolution. Arquigrafia is a collaborative environment for the study of architecture and image sharing strongly based on collaboration and collective intelligence. Since the concept of collective intelligence is very broad, we performed a domain analysis and a classification of its use in current systems. We also implemented the Arquigrafia features using Groupware Workbench components and evaluated the platform in four areas: components architecture; collaboration support; technical architecture; and developers perspective. We identified technological and conceptual limitations, as for example, the adopted object-relational mapping model and issues related to the flexibility of the platform. These limitations were treated and evaluated. We noted improvements in the architecture of the components and code simplification. As a result, the Groupware Workbench was a feasible solution for developing the Arquigrafia application.

<p>Nowadays, Dynamic Geometry Software (DGS) is widely accepted as a tool for creating and presenting visually rich interactive teaching and learning materials, called dynamic drawings. Dynamic drawings are specified by writing expressions in functional domain-specific languages. Due to wide acceptance of DGS, there has arisen a need for their extensibility, by adding new semantics and visual objects (visuals). We have developed a programming framework for the Dynamic Geometry Software, SLGeometry, with a genericized functional language and corresponding expression evaluator that act as a framework into which specific semantics is embedded in the form of code annotated with metadata. The framework transforms an ordinary expression tree evaluator into an object-oriented one, and provide guidelines and examples for creation of interactive objects with dynamic properties, which participate in evaluation optimization at run-time. Whereas other DGS are based on purely functional expression evaluators, our solution has advantages of being more general, easy to implement, and providing a natural way of specifying object properties in the user interface, minimizing typing and syntax errors.LGeometry is implemented in C# on the .NET Framework. Although attributes are a preferred mechanism to provide association of declarative information with C# code, they have certain restrictions which limit their application to representing complex structured metadata. By developing a metadata infrastructure which is independent of attributes, we were able to overcome these limitations. Our solution, presented in this&nbsp; dissertation, provides extensibility to simple and complex data types, unary and binary operations, type conversions, functions and visuals, thus enabling developers to seamlessly add new features to SLGeometry by implementing them as C# classes annotated with metadata. It also provides insight into the way a domain specific functional language of dynamic geometry software can be genericized and customized for specific needs by extending or restricting the set of types, operations, type conversions, functions and visuals.Furthermore, we have conducted&nbsp; experiments with several groups of students of mathematics and high school pupils, in order to test how our approach compares to the existing practice. The experimental subjects tested mathematical games using interactive visual controls (UI controls) and sequential behavior controllers. Finally, we present a new evaluation algorithm, which was compared to the usual approach employed in DGS and found to perform well, introducing advantages while maintaining the same level of performance.</p> / <p>U dana&scaron;nje vreme softver za dinamičku geometriju (DGS) je &scaron;iroko prihvaćen kao alat za kreiranje i prezentovanje vizuelno bogatih interaktivnih nastavnih materijala i materijala za samostalno učenje, nazvanih dinamičkim crtežima. Kako je raslo prihvatanje softvera za dinamičku geometriju, tako je i rasla potreba da se oni pro&scaron;iruju, dodajući im novu semantiku i vizualne objekte. Razvili smo programsko okruženje za softver za dinamičku geometriju, SLGeometry, sa generičkim&nbsp; funkcionalnim jezikom i odgovarajućim evaluatorom izraza koji čini okruženje u kom su ugrađene specifične semantike u obliku koda označenog metapodacima. Ovo okruženje pretvara uobičajen evaluator stabla izraza u objektno orijentiran, te daje uputstva i primere za stvaranje interaktivnih objekata sa dinamičkim osobinama, koji sudeluju u optimizaciji izvr&scaron;enja tokom izvođenja. Dok se drugi DGS-ovi temelje na čisto funkcionalnim evaluatorima izraza, na&scaron;e rje&scaron;enje ima prednosti jer je uop&scaron;tenije, lako za implementaciju i pruža prirodan način navođenja osobina objekta u korisničkom interfejsu, minimizirajući kucanje i sintaksne gre&scaron;ke. SLGeometry je implementirana u jeziku C# .NET Framework-a. Iako su atributi preferiran mehanizam, koji povezuje C# k&ocirc;d sa deklarativnim informacijama, oni imaju određena ograničenja koja limitiraju njihovu primenu za predstavljanje složenih strukturiranih metapodataka. Razvijanjem infrastrukture metapodataka koja je nezavisna od atributa, uspeli smo prevladati ta ograničenja. Na&scaron;e re&scaron;enje, predstavljeno u ovoj disertaciji, pruža pro&scaron;irivost: jednostavnim i složenim vrstama podataka, unarnim i binarnim operacijama, konverzijama tipova, funkcijama i vizuelnim objektima, omogućavajući&nbsp; time programerima da neprimetno dodaju nove osobine u SLGeometry&nbsp; implementirajući ih kao C# klase označene metapodacima.</p>