It is generally recognized that firms face both internal and external environmental forces. However, few studies have attempted to describe the importance of various strategic factors and the relation between them. This study has been conducted to identify the main strategic determinant in the software industry and the reason behind the existence of these determinants. The study is based on a qualitative study. The empirical data have been collected from interviews. However, the frame of reference is based on well- established theories within the field of business strategy. The research identified certain strategic determinants in software industry. These are Market/Customer, Technology, Economy, Rivalry, Core Competences, Core Products, Technical and Human Resources. These factors have an impact on researched firms separately and jointly as well. However, competitive advantage can be achieved by focusing on product innovation and development, relation building with customers, technology and human resource management, capabilities/competences building and alliances with other companies and industries.

Aim:  The aim of this study is to investigate how the “Freemium”                business model works in ArcMage AB and explore what challenges will ArcMage AB as an open-source software industry face when running the “Freemium” business model. Method: A case study was adopted, and a qualitative research and face-to-face interview were used to collect the fundamental data. We use simple sentence and lots of figures to show what the “Freemium” is and what we are find to make the readers’ understanding easier. Result & Conclusions: The results exhibit that ArcMage AB is run following all 9 blocks of the “Freemium” business model. The value proposition and customer relationship are the most challenging for the open-source software industry. Suggestions for future research: Only adopting one case and one interview in the research is the main limitation. Moreover, the limited sample size limited the research in some generalisations. It is difficult to use only one case to represent the whole situation of the open-source software industry. Furthermore, a larger sample size adopted in the research can increase the reliability of the researcher’s generalization. Contribution of the thesis: This research can be regarded as a guideline to the businessman who wants to build an open-source software company in order to avoid the weakness and threats, and take the opportunities.

This thesis emphasizes the importance of software industry within global perspective, in addition, aims to study the economic, social and structural dimensions of Indian, Irish and Turkish software industries. Because of coming from developing countries scale and attaining to significant software export achievements in global software industry, India and Ireland will be in center of this study. In this context, the determination of India and Ireland&rsquo / s industrial and national software strategies and the results and achievement evaluations in application case are accomplished. In consequence of related assessments, Turkish software industry is analyzed and future oriented suggestions are presented via taking into account country dynamics. In theoretical perspective, Indian, Irish and Turkish software industries are analyzed on the basis of Richard Heeks&rsquo / &ldquo / Software Strategies in Developing Countries&rdquo / model with appropriate approaches. Beyond, in this study, which is commenced on the basis of three countries, division of labor of global software industry will be analyzed in &ldquo / core and periphery&rdquo / framework and the suggestions will be presented to developing countries on their national software industries. The findings of the study indicate that, countries which have advanced national software industries keep high value added phases in their home countries, however outsource low value added phases of software development projects to developing countries because of workforce cost, qualified human resources, tax incentives, geographical market position etc. advantages.

This thesis aims to explore the challenges of ICT industries to have access to financial sources in Turkey. The specific subject of analysis is the Turkish software industry. First, it is identified that the global course of the science and technology policies and economic developments are intertwined and they are the major determinants of the current situation of high-tech sectors and their finance all over the world. The importance of finance is based on its association with the innovativeness of high-tech firms. The financial commitment is crucial for firms to sustain innovative activities before revenue generation. Today there is a widely used mainstream model of financial growth cycle defining the sources of finance and the specific needs of high-tech firms along their growth paths. Second, the historical course of finance in Turkey are analyzed and milestones of science and technology policies as well as the development of ICT industries are briefly discussed in order to exhibit the underlying structure of the present issues of high-tech sectors&rsquo / finance in Turkey. Later, the growth cycle model is implemented for Turkey to analyze the potential of financial sources for Turkish software firms with relevant quantitative data. It is seen that the interest of available financial sources towards high-tech sectors is limited and unconcerned. In addition, an inquiry for the finance of the software industry is also done through the analysis of interviews performed with managers of software firms and several funding organizations. Instabilities and uncertainties of the Turkish economy, underdevelopment of a national strategy on software and the lack of interest of available financial sources towards software industry are the major handicaps for the growth of software firms and the industry as a whole. A selective national industrial strategy on software is crucial for the true allocation of financial resources towards software firms.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [131]-139).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisors: Glynn Harmon and John Butler. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available from UMI.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Management. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2008. / A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Business, School of Management, in partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographical references.

A dissertação trata do padrão de especialização e inserção internacional da indústria de software brasileira à luz de experiências paradigmáticas do setor, como é o caso da Índia, Irlanda e Israel. O desenvolvimento inicial do setor nos países centrais das redes globais de produção seguiu os avanços da indústria eletrônica e lhes permitiu acumular competências e trancar a trajetória tecnológica em determinados segmentos, como é o caso do software pacote. No entanto, as respostas de alguns países emergentes frente uma indústria caracterizada pela rápida mudança e pelas altas taxas de oportunidades tecnológicas, cujas possibilidades foram ampliadas com o advento da globalização, são a principal motivação do trabalho. A despeito da difundida idéia de que Índia, Irlanda e Israel representariam casos subordinados às limitações de um modelo terciário-exportador, argumenta-se aqui que eles retratam trajetórias plurais e dinâmicas de desenvolvimento desta indústria. Plurais posto que reproduzem diferentes padrões de especialização e inserção internacional e dinâmicos dados os elementos de mudança evidenciados por parte da literatura especializada. Este dinamismo se faz presente, na indústria de software brasileira, através dos mecanismos de diferenciação e diversificação que lhe permitem adicionar valor aos produtos e obter resultados positivos na forma de incrementos de produtividade de outros setores de atividade econômica. Embora seja caracterizado pela integração competitiva que a difere, de partida, da caracterização terciário-exportadora, é para o caráter dinâmico do debate acerca destas configurações que a dissertação pretende contribuir. / The dissertation deals with the pattern of specialization and international integration of Brazilian software industry in light of paradigmatic experiences of the sector, such as India, Ireland and Israel. The sectors early development in the core countries of the global production networks has followed the progress of the electronics industry and allowed them to accumulate competences and to lock-in the technological trajectory in some segments, such as the packaged software. However, the responses of some emerging countries face an industry characterized by rapid changes and high rates of technological opportunities, whose possibilities have been expanded with the advent of globalization, are the main motivation of the study. Despite the widespread idea that India. Ireland and Israel represent cases that are subject to the limitations of a tertiary export model, it is argued here that they represent plural and dynamic trajectories of development of this industry. Plural once they reproduce different patterns of specialization and international integration and dynamic if considered some elements of change made evident by part of the literature. This dynamism is present in the Brazilian software industry through the mechanisms of differentiation and diversification that allow it to add value to products and achieve positive results in form of increased productivity in other sectors of economic activity. Although it is commonly characterized by a competitive integration that differs it from the tertiary export aspect, the dynamic nature of the debate about these settings is the aim contribution of the dissertation.

Orientador: Maria Beatriz Machado Bonacelli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T15:56:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carneiro_AnaMaria_D.pdf: 1760189 bytes, checksum: 48964d51864d1880e7f47503e3cbf760 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A tese trata da apropriação dos resultados das inovações geradas na indústria de software e da proteção dos ativos tecnológicos por parte de suas empresas, no contexto do aumento da importância do conhecimento na geração de riqueza, à medida que a economia tem se desmaterializado, e do aumento da importância da propriedade intelectual na apropriação dos retornos do esforço inovativo. O software representa um dos ícones da Economia do Conhecimento, tanto devido à sua participação direta na composição da riqueza nas nações como por sua pervasividade e transversalidade que dinamiza as outras indústrias Para isso, analisa-se a co-evolução da indústria de software e do processo de regulação da proteção da propriedade intelectual em torno de três regimes tecnológicos relevantes na indústria de software, cada qual formado por um peso diferente entre hardware, software e serviços: grandes computadores (mainframes), computador pessoal e serviços na web. Para uma indústria tão heterogênea, certamente não é possível apenas uma solução única em termos de instrumentos para proteção dos direitos de propriedade intelectual, sejam formais ou informais. Dada a evolução histórica da indústria de software, analisam-se como as empresas procuraram proteger seus heterogêneos ativos intangíveis, sendo que para cada modelo de negócio há uma necessidade diferente de proteção, considerando ainda que os mecanismos de proteção variam também de acordo com o país. Na década de 90, assistiu-se a dois movimentos aparentemente contraditórios. Por um lado, ao fortalecimento dos direitos de propriedade intelectual, como o grande crescimento de patentes de software, um tipo de instrumento que até então não era muito usual entre as empresas de software. Por outro lado, no mesmo período, o software livre e de código aberto (SL/CA), que é tanto fruto quanto impulsionador da migração da indústria de software para os modelos de negócio baseados em serviços, ganhou corpo e introduziu formas alternativas de desenvolvimento de software e de disponibilização e proteção dos conhecimentos gerados, baseadas em licenças. Desta forma são analisadas as formas de apropriação utilizadas pelas empresas contextualizadas nos respectivos modelos de negócio que vêm sendo estabelecidos da indústria / Abstract: The thesis concerns the appropriation of the results of innovations generated in software industry and the protection of the technological assets by the firms, in the context of the raising importance of knowledge to value generation with the economy dematerialization and also the raising importance of intellectual property in the appropriation of the innovation efforts returns. Software represents one of the icons of Knowledge Economy, by its direct contribution in nation¿s value generation, but also by its pervasiveness and its transversely character that helps other industries dynamics. It analyze the coevolution of software industry and of the process of regulation of intellectual property protection focusing three relevant technological regimes of this industry, each one with a different balance between hardware, software and services: big computers (mainframes), personal computers and web services. For such a heterogeneous industry, it is certainly not possible just one solution concerning tools for the protection of intellectual property rights, being them formal or informal. Given the historical evolution of software industry, it analysis how firms tried to protect their intangible assets, considering that each business model has its own needs in terms of protection and that the protection mechanisms are diverse in different countries. At the 90th decade, two apparently contradictory movements appeared. By one side, the strengthening of intellectual property rights, with the raising of software patents, not so usual since then at software firms. In the other hand, at the same period, the free and open code software, that is a result and a stimulus of software industry migration to service based business models, reinforced itself and introduced alternatives ways of software development and of making available and protected the generated knowledge, based on licenses. In this way, the appropriation forms used by firms contextualized in respective business models that have been established in industry are analyzed. / Doutorado / Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica