Orientador: Plínio Soares de Arruda Sampaio Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T23:35:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bertoni_RebecaBulhoes_M.pdf: 2647880 bytes, checksum: e04eae2a137aae6c22633dc779a300e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O objetivo fundamental desta dissertação é mostrar, a partir de uma radiografia da Indústria Brasileira de Software e Serviços de TI (IBSS), os obstáculos que impedem que esta indústria se desenvolva. Pretende-se fornecer evidências que apontem para a incapacidade das empresas brasileiras de internalizarem o processo de inovação. Desse modo, o trabalho constata, por meio de análise empírica, a existência de obstáculos estruturais à introdução e difusão de progresso técnico. As políticas públicas recentes executadas para a IBSS demonstram desconhecimento a respeito de quais seriam as especificidades desta indústria no Brasil. Infere-se que a crença na possibilidade de convergência das trajetórias de desenvolvimento dos países por meio do processo de `catching-up¿ permanece presente nas políticas voltadas para a ciência, tecnologia & inovação no país. Ainda que as políticas públicas tenham estimulado a adoção de um modelo `terciário exportador¿, à imagem do indiano, a evolução do setor caminhou em direção a um processo de crescente `commoditização¿ voltado para o mercado interno. Neste processo, a flexibilização e precarização do trabalho tornaram-se estratégias fundamentais para a minimização dos custos de produção, a fim de obter ganhos de competitividade por meio da redução de preços. Porque o principal insumo para o desenvolvimento do software é o trabalho humano, a busca pela redução dos custos foi percebida no mercado de trabalho pelas mudanças na composição da força de trabalho, que explicam a contração dos salários médios diante de um quadro de "escassez de mão de obra / Abstract: This dissertation aims to show, from Brazilian Software and IT Services Industry (BISS) analysis, the obstacles that restrain the development of this industry. It is intended to provide evidences pointing to the inability of Brazilian companies to internalize the innovation process. Thus, this work finds, through empirical analysis, the existence of structural barriers to introducing and diffusing technical progress. The Brazil recent policy towards IT sector evinces ignorance about the specificities of this industry in Brazil. It is inferred that the belief in the principle of convergence of development trajectories of countries through the catching-up process remains present in science, technology & innovation policy. Although public policies have encouraged the adoption of 'tertiary exporter' model, as Indian, industry evolution walked toward a process of increasing commoditization in domestic market. In this process, flexible and precarious work has become key strategy for cost reduction in order to achieve gains in competitiveness through price reduction. Because the main input in software development is human labor, the search for cost reduction was perceived in labor market by changes in workforce composition, which explain the average wages compression before a scenario of "labor scarcity / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestra em Desenvolvimento Econômico

This master thesis is written as a part of The Media Technology program at Linköping University in collaboration with the streaming music company Spotify. The thesis investigates how a software company in the modern age effectively and organically can stay innovative through times. The thesis maps out strategies, models and methods currently known, analyses Spotify’s innovative efforts over the past year and suggests a framework tailored to the needs of the company.

The Swedish software industry is fast-growing and in needof competent personnel, the education system is on the frontline of producing qualified graduates to meet the job marketdemand. Reports and studies show there exists a gapbetween industry needs and what is taught in highereducation, and that there is an undefined skills shortageleading to recruitment failures. This study explored theindustry-education gap with a focus on higher vocationaleducation (HVE) through the use of natural languageprocessing (NLP) to ascertain the demands of the industryand what is taught in HVE. Using the authors' custom-madetool Vocational Education and Labour Market Analyser(VELMA), job ads and HVE curricula were collected fromthe Internet. Then analysed through the topic modellingprocess latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) to classify lowerlevel keywords into cohesive categories for documentfrequency analysis. Findings show that a large number ofHVE programmes collaborate with the industry via indirectfinancing and that job ads written in Swedish consist, inlarger part, of inconsequential words compared to adswritten in English. Moreover, An industry demand withincloud and embedded technologies, security engineers andsoftware architects can be observed. Whereas, the findingsfrom HVE curricula point to a focus on educating webdevelopers and general object-oriented programminglanguages. While there are limitations in the topic modellingprocess, the authors conclude that there is a mismatchbetween what is taught in HVE programmes and industrydemand. The skills identified to be lacking in HVE wereassociated with cloud-, embedded-, and security-relatedtechnologies together with architectural disciplines. Theauthors recommend future work with a focus on improvingthe topic modelling process and including curricula fromgeneral higher education.

No / The software industry in the People's Republic of China has been growing rapidly over the last decades and has played a significant role in the economy. Alongside the industrial development, it appears that a comprehensive competitiveness assessment of this growing industry needs to be conducted. This paper draws on Porter's ''diamond'' theory of competitive advantage of nations and the suggested improvements of the framework from relevant scholars to assess the growing competitiveness of China's software industry. In particular, the focus is on the role of government policies and corporate strategies in shaping the competitiveness of the industry in China in comparison to the top players in the world. Specifically, the paper pays attention to the competitiveness of industry in China as to how and why it has developed the way it has in recent years and what have been the facilitating and impeding factors that has strengthened or weakened the industrial development. In the discussion and conclusions, the overall competitiveness status of China's software industry is evaluated and the diamond framework is reappraised in light of the industrial analysis and the previous research.

縱觀我國資訊軟體產業發展至現在存在著規模偏小、資金不足、市場受限等問題。在這種情況之下，如何司法國際，合作或是策略聯盟來解決諸多問題。 本研究以國內資訊軟體產業發展為主要研究對象，期望探討我國資訊軟體產業的發展策略與方向。研究目標為探討我國資訊軟體產業的現階段現象、關鍵優勢及未來的發展利基。 首先透過全球重要國家的資訊軟體產業現況分析與競爭策略做分析，在分析後發現我國資訊軟體產業的發展要素可能會受到政府策略、人才培育計劃、市場需求三個要素所影響。之後本研究根據五大重要國家愛爾蘭、以色列、印度、南韓及大陸的發展模式進行分析推論，發現不同國家的資訊軟體策略與發展重點均不相同，並佐以IDC全球資料分析建構出三個重點，分別是我國軟體產業發展策略、資訊教育系統人才培育計劃、政府整體資訊政策。 希望由這些國家過去及現在的經驗中分析出對我國資訊軟體產業有幫助的方向。本研究希望能夠參考這些國家的經驗，將該國家的相關資訊基本資料及資訊軟體業現況做一分析及探討，並研究其資訊策略的形成運用現況及效果。 / In Taiwan, the software industry is facing problems like scalability, insufficient funding and restricted markets for the past years. To solve such problems, we need cooperation or strategic alley from global experiences. Our research is target at the software industry development in Taiwan. We hope to find out the development strategies and directions for the software industry. Our objectives are to analyze the current status of the software industry and to find out the critical advantages and inches for future development. We choose five countries well-known for their software industry as our analysis base. These countries are Ireland, Israel, India, South Korea and Mainland China. From their experiences, we find out three critical factors for the software industry including the government strategies, human resource incubation plans and market needs. Based on IDC global data and our analysis, we conclude that different countries have different software development strategies. Moreover, we recommend three key points for the software industry development in Taiwan. The three key points are software industry development strategy, information-related education and national wide software policy. In this research, we analyze some well-known countries for their past and current software experiences. We investigate their software industry polices and strategies. Then, we conclude some critical factors for the software industry in Taiwan. We hope that our conclusion points out some useful directions for the software industry in Taiwan.

隨著時代迅速的改變，商業活動的型態也日新月異。人與人之間的距離藉著高科技的發展變得更加接近；許多產品不再需要限於固定地點來從事生產。當「外包」的管理策略自西方興起之後，國內的各企業體也紛紛起而效尤。這種「資源分享、利益共生」的管理概念席捲了當代的學界及產業界。各種有關外包的定義、優缺點、決策、廠商的選擇、外包的管理等等，頓時成為各界研究討論的主題。而產業界在面臨強敵環伺、競爭激烈的全球化競爭之下，發現到如果把企業本身不具競爭力的事務或產品透過有效管理，交給第三者去執行，而企業本身只需要專注於自身最具競爭力的活動，就能把企業體之經濟效益發揮到最大。同時，彼此相關的企業也能透過「專業分工」的方式，各自充分運用內部資源，掌握並發揮核心能力，形成策略聯盟的產業網絡，製造雙贏的局面。在國內探討過的公私營企業外包研究中，對於數位內容產業的討論並不多見。因此本研究採個案研究的方式，深入探討國內一家數位內容軟體廠商之外包現況。結果顯示，內容軟體公司的外包動機主要會考量到「節省成本」與「加快（開發）時程」，而外包項目主要是「非核心技術」的內容。內容軟體公司的外包決策會因應市場及本身成場需求順勢發展，由於沒有實務經驗，因此必須從經驗中學習，包括管理與承包商的遴選。在外包的初期階段，內容軟體公司與承包商之間的關係可以發展出建教合作與單純交易等較為簡易之商業模式。最後對於數位軟體產業在實務上以及後續研究方面提出五點建議。 / With the rapid change of the world, the patterns of business activities have changed dramatically everyday. Arising from the West, many enterprises in Taiwan are inclined to adopt the idea of outsourcing. The main concept of outsourcing is “resource-and-benefit sharing,” which has struck both academic and industrial fields. Various research and numerous speech and lessons have been conducted. Many companies have found that if they outsourced their non-core products or affairs to outside companies through effective management, they would be able to maximize their own economic efficacy. The correlated entities can therefore use their own internal sources to develop their core competence, build business networks, and produce a win-win situation for both parties. There is not much research concerning the outsourcing situation of digital content industry in Taiwan. Therefore, this study tended to, using a case study design, explore the present outsourcing situation of a domestic digital content company. From the results, the main reasons to outsourcing of the digital content company were to reduce cost and shorten the developmental time-span. The outsourced work was non-core skill. In response to the market situation and self-growth of the company, the outsourcing strategy was derived accordingly. Due to the lack of practical experience, the company needed to learn from doing, including outsourcing management and choosing outsourcing partners. In the beginning of outsourcing, the outsourced company and the partners could develop a co-operation relationship between enterprises and universities, and simple buy-and-sell relationship. Suggestions were made for digital content industry about the outsourcing matters and for further research.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-05-24T11:50:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Caroline Kretschmer_.pdf: 1238454 bytes, checksum: e3e99ae1e8e45b7361c6be5afdfb38ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-24T11:50:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caroline Kretschmer_.pdf: 1238454 bytes, checksum: e3e99ae1e8e45b7361c6be5afdfb38ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-06 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O ambiente empresarial atual é delineado por um contexto socioeconômico e institucional complexo, mutável e altamente competitivo, que exige das organizações a capacidade de se adaptar aos frequentes desafios e viabilizar seus negócios a longo prazo. A ampla abertura dos mercados à concorrência global também apresenta a crescente necessidade das empresas em operar em mercados internacionais para manterem sua competitividade. Uma abordagem teórica conceitual vem sendo desenvolvida nas últimas duas décadas com o intuito de compreender quais elementos, processos e recursos são necessários para as empresas lidarem com essa conjuntura apresentada, que se denomina capacidades dinâmicas. Essa abordagem tem como cerne explicar as fontes de vantagem competitiva empresarial ao longo do tempo, por meio da argumentação de que, para lidar com ambientes pautados pelas rápidas mudanças, a empresa tem que ter a capacidade de construir, integrar e reconfigurar competências internas e externas. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é compreender a relação entre as capacidades dinâmicas e a competitividade das organizações, por meio da análise da trajetória organizacional e das mudanças estratégicas ocorridas ao longo de sua história em âmbito doméstico e internacional. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso múltiplo, com duas empresas brasileiras do setor de Tecnologia da Informação, as quais atuam a mais de vinte anos no Brasil, possuem operações internacionais e tem grande representatividade no setor em âmbito nacional. A pesquisa analisou a história dessas organizações e identificou fatos relevantes ocorridos que promoveram mudanças mais fortes e estruturais, a fim de verificar nestes momentos a criação e mobilização das capacidades dinâmicas e seu papel na manutenção da competitividade das empresas. Os resultados sustentam que, o amplo histórico de atuação e o crescimento das organizações estudadas foi estruturado por meio de seus ativos e recursos idiossincráticos, de uma estratégia adequada e da capacidade de se adaptar e reconfigurar constantemente de acordo com as mudanças e os novos desafios competitivos. A internacionalização dessas empresas se mostrou viável e alicerçada na articulação das capacidades dinâmicas e na constante percepção dos gestores de novas oportunidades resultantes de seus clientes. A construção e a adequada orquestração de capacidades dinâmicas permitem que as empresas se situem de forma distintiva em ambientes competitivos e mutáveis, logrando um crescimento sustentado, com o desenvolvimento de novos negócios e a manutenção de uma vantagem competitiva sustentável. / The current business environment is delineated by a complex, changing, and highly competitive institutional and socioeconomic context that requires organizations to adapt to frequent challenges to make their business viable in the long run. The broad market opening to global competition also shows the increasing requirement for companies to operate in international markets to maintain their competitiveness. A line of research has been developed in the last two decades in order to understand what elements, processes, and resources are necessary for companies to cope with this scenario, which is called dynamic capabilities. This approach is concerned with explaining the sources of business competitive advantage throughout the time, by arguing that, in order to cope with rapidly changing environments, the firm must have the capability to build, integrate and reconfigure internal and external competencies. The objective of this research is to understand the relationship between dynamic capabilities and the competitiveness of organizations through the analysis of the organizational trajectory and the strategic changes that have occurred in the course of firm’s history in domestic and international scope. For this purpose, a multiple case study was conducted with two Brazilian companies in the Information Technology sector, which have been operating for more than twenty years. They have international operations and are highly representative of the sector in national level. The research analyzed the history of these organizations and identified relevant events that led to stronger and structural changes in order to verify the creation and mobilization of dynamic capabilities and their role in maintaining the competitiveness of companies. The results support that the broad history of performance and growth of the organizations studied was structured through their idiosyncratic assets and resources, an appropriate strategy and the ability to constantly adapt and reconfigure according to the changes of new competitive challenges. The internationalization of these companies demonstrated feasibly and based on the articulation of the dynamic capabilities and the constant perception of the managers that, new opportunities resulting from their clients. The construction and appropriate orchestration of dynamic capabilities allow companies to position distinctly in competitive and changing environments, achieving sustained growth in the throughout the time, developing new business and maintaining a sustainable competitive advantage. Key-

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-07-09T18:50:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Natalia Gomes da Silva.pdf: 1004717 bytes, checksum: 851eb7a79a3032d4cbf237405107abf2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-09T18:50:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Natalia Gomes da Silva.pdf: 1004717 bytes, checksum: 851eb7a79a3032d4cbf237405107abf2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-27 / Nenhuma / Este trabalho investiga a inserção de profissionais qualificados para o setor de TI em posições avançadas da cadeia de valor desse setor, no contexto brasileiro. Interroga sobre a relação entre qualificação em nível superior e atuação em posições avançadas da referida cadeia de valor. O referencial teórico está alicerçado em dois eixos principais: estudos sobre a cadeia de valor de serviços em TI e estudos sobre trabalho do conhecimento. Os pressupostos desta pesquisa são: a) Instituições de Ensino Superior como atores-chave na produção de valor econômico na "Era da Informação"; b) necessidade de desenvolvimento de novas capacidades para a gestão de profissionais na "Era da Informação"; e c) trabalho do conhecimento como um conjunto de atividades que envolvam características como autonomia, criatividade, resolução de problemas, e que possibilitam mobilidade profissional e autogestão da carreira. Esses pressupostos sustentam as duas proposições centrais deste estudo: p1) quanto mais qualificado o trabalhador de TI, maior a possibilidade de ele se inserir em níveis mais avançados da cadeia de valor de TI; e, p2) trabalhadores que ocuparem os níveis mais elevados da cadeia de valor de TI desempenharão atividades com conteúdo mais próximo ao trabalho do conhecimento. A metodologia empregada foi estudo de campo, com realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com professores e egressos de cursos de Ciência da Computação. Constatou-se que os egressos entrevistados ocupam posições nos níveis iniciais da cadeia de valor de software, entretanto, desempenham atividades com características do trabalho do conhecimento. Também se observou que a alta demanda por profissionais na indústria de TI, estimulada pelo mercado interno, produz um contexto de trabalho diversificado, em que a formação em educação superior é pouco valorizada, sendo priorizados a experiência e outros atributos comportamentais, associados a capacidades como aprendizagem contínua, orientação a resultados, visão sistêmica, habilidades de comunicação e negociação, entre outros. Verificou-se que a formação em ensino superior favorece essas competências, além de possibilitar a inserção fora do Brasil, prover maior estabilidade e dar acesso a melhores oportunidades profissionais. / This study starts with unsystematic field observations which suggesting that highly skilled professionals in this sector are often not placed in valued insertion positions in this industry’s value chain. This study investigates the high skilled professionals’ insertion in advanced positions of the IT industry value chain, in Brazilian context, interrogating about the relationship between higher education qualification and performance in advanced positions of value chain’s IT industry. The theoretical framework is grounded on two main axes: studies on IT services’ value chain and studies on knowledge work. The assumptions of this research are: a) Higher Education Institutions as key actors in the production of economic value in the "Information Age"; b) the need to develop new capabilities to managing professionals in the "Information Age", and c) knowledge work as a set of activities involving features such as autonomy, creativity, problem solving, and that enable mobility and self-management career. These assumptions underpin the two central study’s propositions: p1) the more skilled IT worker, the more likely it is to enter into higher levels of the IT value chain; and p2) workers who occupy the higher levels of the IT value chain play activities with content closer to knowledge work. The methodology used was a field study with conducting semi-structured interviews with professors and students who graduated from Computer Science. Based on the data, it was found that the interviewed graduates are occuping positions in the initial levels of software value chain, however, they are playing activities with characteristics of knowledge work. It was also observed that the high demand for professionals in the IT industry, stimulated by the domestic market, produces a diversified work context in which the higher education degree is undervalued, being prioritized experience and other behavioral attributes associated with capabilities like continuous learning, results orientation, systemic vision, communication and negotiation skills, among others. It was found that training in higher education promotes these skills, in addition to enabling the insertion outside of Brazil, providing greater stability and give access to better job opportunities.

Submitted by Patrícia Valim Labres de Freitas (patricial) on 2016-03-30T17:46:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Pagliarini Sartori_.pdf: 2997914 bytes, checksum: cfddb4abee1fd8021eb803dfebc8085d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-30T17:46:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Pagliarini Sartori_.pdf: 2997914 bytes, checksum: cfddb4abee1fd8021eb803dfebc8085d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-07 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / A análise do comportamento das empresas no cenário competitivo atual destaca os temas da internacionalização e da inovação como determinantes tanto das estratégias adotadas quanto do desempenho alcançado (RIBEIRO et al., 2010). O objetivo geral deste estudo concentrou-se em compreender como se relacionam a inovação e a internacionalização em empresas da Indústria Brasileira de Software e Serviços de TI (IBSS). A proposta de investigação partiu da necessidade de uma compreensão inicial sobre a dinâmica do setor de TI e da IBSS, assim apresentou-se uma caracterização do setor, da indústria e das empresas observadas na pesquisa. São apresentadas ainda características do processo de inovação e da internacionalização destas empresas. A partir da revisão teórica sobre inovação e internacionalização foram identificados indícios sobre como se relacionam a inovação e a internacionalização, os quais foram verificados empiricamente na trajetória das quatro empresas participantes da pesquisa, por meio de um estudo de caso múltiplo. A análise sobre a relação entre inovação e internacionalização em empresas da IBSS foi embasada em informações obtidas através de dados secundários e de entrevistas em profundidade, em uma abordagem qualitativa. Observou-se nos casos analisados que a inovação ocorre de forma essencialmente incremental, com foco no core business e apoiado fortemente nos recursos humanos. A inovação mostrou-se neste contexto como um elemento central para a manutenção da competitividade, tanto no mercado doméstico quanto internacional. A internacionalização apresentou-se como uma alternativa de expansão de negócios, porém frente ao cenário econômico atual passou a compor a estratégia das empresas. Para a análise de aspectos relacionados à competitividade das empresas foi empregada a perspectiva das capacidades dinâmicas (TEECE et al., 1997; TEECE, 2007), permitindo a identificação de indícios quanto à sua capacidade de adaptação ao ambiente de rápidas mudanças e a interação com o ecossistema do setor de TI no âmbito global, para identificação e exploração de novas oportunidades. De forma geral, foi evidenciada uma interação positiva entre inovação e internacionalização no contexto das empresas analisadas, impactando no desempenho, no crescimento e em novas oportunidades de negócios. / The analysis of the behavior of companies in the current competitive scenario highlights the themes of internationalization and innovation as determinants of both the strategies adopted and the performance achieved (RIBEIRO et al., 2010). The objective of this study focuses on the comprehension of the relation between the innovation and internationalization in Brazilian Software Industry and IT Services (IBSS) companies. The research proposal began from the need of an initial understanding of the dynamics of the IT industry and IBSS thus presented a characterization of the sector, industry and business observed in the survey. Characteristics of the innovation process and the internationalization of companies participating in the research are presented as well. Evidences were identified based on the literature review of innovation and internationalization, which were verified empirically, through a multiple case study on how they relate to innovation and internationalization in the background of the four companies analyzed. The analysis of the relationship between innovation and internationalization of companies of this industry was based on information obtained through secondary data and in-depth interviews in a qualitative approach. It was observed in the analyzed cases that innovation is essentially incrementally, focusing on core business, and as an endogenous process, strongly based on human resources. The innovation showed up here as a central element in maintaining competitiveness in both domestic and international markets. The internationalization showed up as a business expansion alternative, but face to the current economic environment it became a part of the strategy of companies. To analyze aspects related to the competitiveness of the companies it was used the perspective of dynamic capabilities (TEECE et al., 1997; TEECE, 2007), allowing the identification of evidences to its ability to adapt to the quick changing environment and the interaction with the ecosystem of the IT industry at the global level to identify and explore new opportunities. Overall, a positive interaction was observed between innovation and internationalization in the context of the analyzed companies, impacting on performance, growth and new business opportunities.

資訊工業為我國主要之策略性工業，1996年資訊產業的整體產值正 式超越德國， 成為僅次於美、日的世界第三大生產國。我國軟體業發 展，遠不如硬體工業， 這種不均衡的現象，極可能會妨礙資訊產業整 體的成長；且展望未來世界資訊工 業的發展趨勢，軟體工業所扮演的 角色將愈益重要，因此如何迅速提昇軟體工業 之產值，使得我國整體 軟硬體工業能均衡發展，相輔相成，實是當前最重要的一 個課題 。 一個公司的營運係由一連串的活動所構成，透過這些活動提 供給顧客最終的 產品或服務，進而賺取合理的利潤。隨著公司成長， 及各階段營運目標的改變， 公司營運活動的重心亦會轉變，因此，一 個成功且有效的管理者應知道如何將管 理重心放在現階段最重要的工 作上，因此研究公司在各階段的主要營運活動將有 助於瞭解公司各階 段之主要工作與任務，以發現公司現階段的管理重心，並對未 來公司 經營的問題與困難即早因應，並研擬妥的善對策。 因此，本 研究先針對軟體產業特性，參酌文獻及專家學者的意見，將軟體業主要 營運活動分為七大項：產品生產、市場行銷、客戶服務、技術及產品研發 活動( 以下簡稱研發活動或研究發展活動)、人才培訓、財務及融資管 理(以下簡稱財務 融資活動)、及租稅管理。然後再以問卷方式蒐集業 者，對公司現階段經營中， 各營運活動重要程度的意見，及為劃分公 司成長各階段所需的基本資料：公司 成立時間、資本額、營業額、營 業額成長率、員工人數、組織結構、組織正式化 程度、及管理權集中 程度等八項。此外，本研究的結果分為軟體公司成長階段的 決定 、各成長階段營運活動 重要順序、及各活動在各階段重要順序等三部份 ，分 別敘述如下： 一、軟體公司成長階段的決定 研究軟體公司 成長過程是本研究最主要的目的之一，因此根據本研究分析結果，以 公司年最近三年的營業額、營業額成長率、員工人數、組織正式化程度、 管理權集 中化程度等五項變數，將軟體公司劃分為四個成長群的模式 ，最能解釋我國軟體公 司的成長過程，分別命名為創業、生存、擴張 、與成熟四階段。 二、各階段營運活動重要順序 經過統計檢定後 ，四個階段中，發現創業及擴張兩階段的營運活動重要性有顯著差 異 結果，其中創業階段營運活動的重要順序為，最重要的活動為客戶服務與 市場行 銷活動；產品生產、研究發展、財務融資、及租稅管理等四項 營運活動次之；人才 培訓活動最不重要。擴張階段營運活動的順序為 客戶服務、市場行銷、及產品生產 活動是最重要的三項營運活動、研 究發展、租稅管理、及人才培訓則是較不重要的 活動。 三、營運 活動在各階段的重要順序 若依活動的觀點看各活動在各階段的重要性 ，得到七項活動中有五項活動，最重要 的時候皆在擴張階段，表示此 一階段的軟體公司正處於轉型階段，需投入較多的資 源，所以大部份 活動的重要性都較其他階段重要；此外，研究發展活動最重要的階 段 在成熟階段，這點和依階段觀點看各活動重要性的結論相同。 造 成各營運活動在各擴張階段重要性差異的原因，可由各主要活動因素分析 後，因 素對各階段差異性的檢定中知道，大部份活動經因素分析後， 均可找到造成該活動 階段性差異的主因，其中，產品生產活動的因素 是溝通合作因素，市場行銷活動是 商品多樣化及商展因素，研究發展 活動是委託研發因素，人才培訓活動是自行培訓 或留住人才因素， 財務融資活動是外部融資與資金調度因素，軟體公司掌握這些因 素變 動的脈絡，更可確切地掌握各階段管理應著重的重點。 / To find the most improtant activities in every progress of software company, we use five characters of software company to define its growth stage, and they are illustrated as following points (1)the time period since copmany was setuped (2) total capital of copmany(3) total sales value (4) the growth rate of sales (5) the total numberof employees. After literature review and expert interview, we found that major activity of software company are production、marketing、customer service、 research、employee training、finance、and tax activity. After used cluster analysis , we gained that there are four stages, thoseare Begin、Survival、Growth、and Maturity, in the progress of software company. To gain the important sequence of each activity in every stage , we use ANOVA method to test the distinct difference among thoes activities. Following points are the consequences. 1、 The Begin stage: The most important activities in Begin stage are customer services and marketing activity, and there are four activities in the second place, those are research、finance、tax、and production , and employee traning is in the third place. 2、The Survival stage : There are no difference among seven activities in Survival stage. 3、The Growth stage : The most important activities in Begin stage are customer services、 marketing activity, and production activity, and there are four activities in the second place, those are research、tax、and employee traning. 4、The Maturity stage : There are no difference among seven activities in Maturity stage.