This thesis investigates the interplay between explanatory issues in special relativity and the theory's metaphysical foundations. Special attention is given to the 'dynamical approach' to relativity, promoted primarily by Harvey Brown and collaborators, according to which the symmetries of dynamical laws are explanatory of relativistic effects, inertial motion, and even the Minkowskian geometrical structure of a specially relativistic world. The thesis begins with a review of Einstein's 1905 introduction to special relativity, after which brief historical introductions are given for the standard 'geometrical' approach to relativity and the unorthodox 'dynamical' approach. After a critical review of recent literature on the topic, the dynamical approach is shown to be in need of a metaphysical package that would undergird the explanatory claims mentioned above. It is argued that the dynamical approach is best understood as a form of relationalism - in particular, as a relativistic form of 'regularity relationalism', promoted recently by Nick Huggett. According to this view, some portion of a world's geometrical structure actually supervenes upon the symmetries of the best-system dynamical laws for a material ontology endowed with a primitive sub-metrical structure. To explore the plausibility of this construal of the dynamical approach, a case study is carried out on solutions to the Klein-Gordon equation. Examples are found for which the field values, when purged of all spatiotemporal structure but their induced topology, are still arguably best-systematized by the Klein-Gordon equation itself. This bolsters the plausibility of the claim that some system of field values, endowed with mere sub-metrical structure, might have as its best-systems dynamical laws a (set of) Lorentz-covariant equation(s), on which Minkowski geometrical structure would supervene. The upshot is that the dynamical approach to special relativity can be defended as what might be called an ontologically and ideologically relationalist approach to Minkowski spacetime structure. The chapters refer regularly to three appendices, which include a brief introduction to topological and differentiable spaces.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:24:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-06-23. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:30:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000851779_20170622.pdf: 323884 bytes, checksum: 2bdadb09c647bf9416e7ed6d466fa556 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-06-23T13:11:18Z: 000851779_20170622.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-06-23T13:12:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000851779.pdf: 5225766 bytes, checksum: 0c1a276b6871352c7fd8f66ae0330e51 (MD5) / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo central compreender a configuração do espaço e do tempo nas narrativas audiovisuais de O primo Basílio, que optam por assinalar o registro de fidelidade à obra matriz escrita por Eça de Queirós. A pergunta principal refere-se à: em que medida ocorre a reconfiguração do espaço e do tempo da referida obra em outros suportes? As adaptações concentram-se no campo do audiovisual, sendo a primeira produzida para televisão em formato de minissérie em 1988, e a segunda em formato fílmico concluído e lançado em 2007. Ambas têm como diretor, Daniel Filho. O referencial teórico e a metodologia adotados nesta pesquisa permitiram assinalar para as estratégias lançadas entre diferentes mídias (cinema, televisão, literatura) no tocante às relações entre espaço e tempo ficcionais nas obras de O primo Basílio. As bases conceituais que nortearam esta investigação estão fundamentadas a partir de apontamentos oriundos da teoria literária, da comunicação e do cinema, representadas por Benedito Nunes (1988;1992), Paul Ricouer (1994), Roberto DaMatta (1997), Michel de Certeau (1998), Mikhail Bakthin (1997), Vanoye e Goliot-Leté (2011), Julie Sanders (2006), Linda Hutcheon (2013) e Robert Stam (2006; 2008). Como recorte, analisaremos os ambientes internos e externos da casa burguesa, a rua, o espaço ocupado pelo teatro na narrativa, os pré e pós créditos e abertura das produções audiovisuais, assim como a função cronotópica dos meios de comunicação: jornal, revista e televisão. Esta leitura se fez na tentativa de perceber as relações espaciotemporais no audiovisual como elementos simbólicos e plurissignificativos que permitiram para ambas as adaptações o diálogo com o romance de Eça e suas questões histórico-sociais-culturais do final do século XIX português, ambientado pela produção em minissérie, e sua releitura para o Brasil... / This study aimed at understanding the space and time settings in the audiovisual narratives of O primo Basílio, who choose to mark the loyalty registration with the original work written by Eça de Queiroz. The main question refers to: in what extent is the reconfiguration of space and time of the original work in other media? The adaptations are concentrated in the audiovisual field, being the first produced for miniseries in Brazilian TV in 1988, and the second in film format completed and released in 2007. Both have Daniel Filho as diretor, the theoretical reference and the methodology adopted in this research allowed to point out the strategies launched between different media (film, television, literature) as regards the relationship between space and time in the fictional works of O primo Basílio. The conceptual foundations that guided this research are based from notes coming from literary, communication and cinema theories, represented by Benedito Nunes (1988; 1992), Paul Ricouer (1994), Roberto DaMatta (1997), Michel de Certeau (1998), Mikhail Bakthin (1997), Vanoye e Goliot-Leté (1994), Julie Sanders (2006), Linda Hutcheon (2013) and Robert Stam (2008). As a cut, we'll analyze the internal and external environments of the bourgeois house, the street, the space occupied by the theater in the narrative, the pre and post credits and opening of the audiovisual productions, as well as chronotopic role of the media: newspapers, magazines and television. This reading was done in an attempt to understand the space and time relations in the film and in the tv show as symbolic and many meanings which enabled them to both adaptations dialogue with the novel of Eça and its historical-social-cultural issues of the late portuguese nineteenth century, set for TV production (miniseries), and its reinterpretation in Brazil, São Paulo, in 1958, present in the film...

Doctor of Philosophy / Division of Biology / Brett K. Sandercock / Impacts of climate change on biological systems include shifts in seasonal phenology. How do migratory animals adjust reproductive decisions as they shift timing of breeding? I investigated patterns of climate change at a network of Arctic sites in Alaska and Canada, and examined the impacts of climate change on the breeding phenology, reproductive performance, and trophic interactions of Arctic-breeding shorebirds. First, I compared the breeding performance of three species, Western Sandpiper, Semipalmated Sandpiper, and Red-necked Phalaropes, at Nome, Alaska, across a 14-year interval. I found that shorebirds responded to a decreasing temperature during laying by delaying timing of breeding. Delayed breeding shortened the incubation duration for two biparental species but extended incubation for a uniparental species. Despite a short Arctic summer, the breeding windows of three sympatric species were temporally distinct. The three species often nested within several meters from each other, but bred under different temperature regimes and adjusted their reproductive output to different sets of environmental factors. Shifts in breeding phenology can disrupt trophic interactions, especially the phenological match between peak prey availability and hatching of shorebirds. Comparing the extent of phenological mismatch between six shorebirds and their invertebrate prey at ten Arctic sites, peak demand of shorebird broods occurred on average 3.8 days (± 13.8) later than local food peaks, and population demand curves overlapped with food curves by 47% (± 14%). Latitudinal and longitudinal gradients in the extent of trophic mismatch were mediated through geographic variation in the seasonal phenology of invertebrates and shorebirds. For individual nests, both more northerly and easterly sites showed greater phenological mismatch with annual food peaks. Delayed emergence of food peaks at more northerly and easterly sites alleviated the extent of phenological mismatch. My multi-site study provides the first evidence that large-scale geographic processes can determine the extent of phenological mismatch in a bitrophic system. Trends of climate change are sensitive to breeding stages and also vary along a longitudinal gradient. Variability in climatic trends in the Arctic, combined with species-dependent responses to local climate change, indicate that it will be challenging to predict the impacts of future climate change.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:48:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vera Lucia Gainssa Balinhas_Tese.pdf: 2153120 bytes, checksum: 9b7a2b248c7bd6c24ecb183465fdafcf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-18 / This thesis focuses on the relationship between parties and school in the constitution of subjectivities of the youth. This is an ethnographic research conducted with students at the final levels of the basic education in a public school, in Cassino Beach, southern Brazil. The study is inspired primarily by the readings of Foucault and several contemporary authors dealing with the youth theme. The students pointed out to dichotomous perceptions between the school and the party: the party as a place of pleasure, fun, freedom and experimentation, while the school meant continuity, routine, obligation to do something, a demand coming from the family, a place where there is more standardization of conduct than acceptance of difference. The learning and school knowledge proved related with a promising future, engaged with speeches of sacrifices and rewards, with the postponement of satisfaction of desires and needs, and rarely with the will and pleasure for knowledge. The satisfaction in space and time appeared more linked to experiences and knowledge, which referred to the elements, contexts and festive situations. By unravelling the boundaries of the parties and the school it was possible to think and realize that, at the school, the promises that are made to motivate the pace, stumble and negotiate with the invention of other spaces and positions, with the materiality of the youth lives. / Esta tese tem como foco a relação entre festas e escola na constituição das subjetividades juvenis. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho etnográfico, realizada com estudantes da série final da educação básica de uma escola pública, no balneário Cassino, sul do Brasil. Este estudo é inspirado principalmente pelas leituras de Foucault, além de autores e autoras contemporâneas que tratam da temática juventude. As estudantes apontaram posições dicotômicas entre a escola e a festa: a festa como lugar de prazer, diversão, liberdade e experimentações, enquanto a escola significava continuidade, rotina, obrigação de fazer algo, exigência da família, lugar em que há mais padronização das condutas do que acolhimento da diferença. O aprender e o conhecimento escolar se mostraram implicados com um futuro promissor, tramados com discursos de sacrifícios e recompensas, com o adiamento da satisfação dos desejos e das necessidades e, raramente, com a vontade e o prazer de saber. A satisfação no espaço e tempo escolar apareceu mais ligada às experiências e saberes que remetiam aos elementos, contextos e situações festivas. Ao esgarçar os limites das festas e da escola, foi possível pensar e perceber que, nesta, as promessas feitas para motivar a caminhada esbarram e negociam com a invenção de outros espaços e posicionamentos, com a materialidade das vidas das jovens.

Modern society frequently fails to achieve the goal of improved rationality and this is largely because the conditions for ideal speech do not prevail. We do not always permit everyone an equal opportunity to explain their point of view and the force of the best argument does not always prevail. Communication becomes more difficult when people cannot meet face to face, but it is also hindered when people cannot contact one another easily. There is, therefore, a trade-off between using computer-mediated media for communication and speaking to each other in person. Although meaning can never be shared to the extent that two individuals have precisely the same interpretation of a concept, and society is not based on individuals uniformly embracing identical views or values, in every day life consensus needs to be reached and truth claims, normative validity claims and aesthetic validity claims must be made, debated and eventually accepted or refuted. Collaboration on substantial tasks that require the development of concepts and reconstruction of meaning depends on effective communication. In the distributed social structures which have developed as a result of globalisation it is important that dispersed teams are able to work together. This includes collaborative learning in distance education. In the action research undertaken first year Informatics students could choose between doing team work face-to-face, or as dispersed teams communicating via e-mail or WebCT. The discussions were recorded and were analysed to identify the different types of communicative action engaged in. This was done to understand how this group collaborate so that success factors could be identified and proposals be made regarding education in the use of e-mail. It was found that the virtual (dispersed) teams studied did not succeed in collaborating. Communication ability is defined in this thesis as the skill that compensates for the inherent leanness of the medium used. A number of depictions of factors contributing to successful asynchronous collaboration are provided. Different classes of information and time, trust and communication ability assist in constructing meaning when text is communicated electronically. This led to suggestions regarding improving the communications ability of individuals. / Dissertation (PhD (Information Technology))--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Informatics / unrestricted

Orientador: Marcelo El Khouri Buzato / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T10:46:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Scheifer_CamilaLawson_D.pdf: 3672758 bytes, checksum: f387673efa21900df6629ab822fc0dc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta tese representa uma tentativa de estabelecer teórica e empiricamente possíveis pressupostos para uma pedagogia de letramentos que assuma o espaço como uma prática social ¿ um terceiro espaço - que abarca dimensões tanto materiais quanto simbólicas. Com base em um projeto pedagógico interdisciplinar desenvolvido em uma classe de alunos de quinto ano, o estudo se propõe a gerar uma racionalidade espacial e um conjunto de ferramentas conceituais e analíticas alternativas que nos permitam pensar letramentos e aprendizagem como produtos e produtores de espaço-temporalidades. Estou particularmente interessada em entender como os alunos produzem significação enquanto cruzam espaços diversos através do engajamento com múltiplos letramentos, textos, discursos, atores, objetos, mídias e modalidades, e como esses processos de significação (re)constrõem conhecimentos, subjetividade e relações de poder em sala de aula. Tendo como referência teóricos que afirmam que o espaço não é meramente o pano de fundo estático onde a ação sócio-histórica se desenrola, mas um construto social que resulta de uma série de colonizações temporárias problemáticas que dividem e conectam as coisas em diferentes tipos de coletivos, estou também interessada no papel material, simbólico e corpóreo dos processos de significação na criação das colonizações temporárias das quais o espaço resulta. Inicialmente, faço uma crítica em relação à noção sociocultural de espaço subjacente aos Novos Estudos de Letramentos. Aponto a necessidade premente que as novas tecnologias nos impõem de abrirmos o contêiner no qual temos depositado nossas compreensões acerca das práticas escolares. Influenciada pela Virada Espacial de Lefebvre e Soja, tomo a relação espaço e tempo, sob óticas distintas e em face de diferentes problemáticas, como base de minhas reflexões teóricas. Proponho a Teoria-Ator-Rede como uma abordagem metodológica para o estudo do espaço e tempo (espaço-temporalidade) e da significação, uma vez que não toma suas dimensões materiais e simbólicas, humanas e não humanas, como descontínuas. Portanto, condizente como a interpretação espacial que estou a propor. No estudo empírico etnográfico, busco rastrear os movimentos de ressemiotização engendrados ao longo do projeto pedagógico, e as espacializações neles implicadas, no intuito de compreender como o espaço vai sendo articulado, negociado e resistido. A análise espacial dos eventos de letramento que compõem o projeto tornou possível a identificação de loci de aprendizagem, poder, criatividade e subjetividade, os quais possivelmente não teriam emergido sob outra perspectiva / Abstract: This thesis represents an attempt to theoretically and empirically establish possible assumptions for a pedagogy of literacies that assumes space as social practice ¿ a third space ¿ that comprehends both material and symbolic dimensions. Based on an interdisciplinary pedagogical project carried out in a fifth grade classroom, the study aims to draw a spatial rationality and a set of conceptual and analytical tools that enable us to think of literacies and learning as products and producers of spatio-temporalities. I am particularly interested in understanding how students make meaning while traversing different spaces through the engagement with multiple literacies, texts, discourses, actors, objects, media and modalities, and how these meaning-making processes (re)build knowledges, subjectivities and power relations in the classroom. Informed by theorists who assert that space is not merely the external static background where sociohistorical action takes place, but a social construct that results from the outcome of a series of problematic temporary settlements that divide and connect things up to different kinds of collectives, I am also concerned with the role of material, symbolic and embodied meaning-making processes in creating the temporary settlements of which space results. Initially, I make a critique of the sociocultural notion of space underlying the New Literacy Studies. I point to the urgent necessity the new technologies pose to open the container in which we have been depositing our understandings of school practices. Influenced by Lefebvre and Soja's Spatial Turn, I take time and space relation, under distinct perspectives and in light of different issues, as the basis for my theoretical discussions. I propose Actor-Network-Theory as a methodological approach for the study of space and time (spatio-temporalities) and meaning-making, since it does not see their material and symbolic, human and non-human, dimensions as discontinuous. Thus, in line with the spatial interpretation I am trying to articulate. In the ethnographic empirical study, I follow the resemiotization movements produced throughout the pedagogical project and the spatializations related to them, in order to understand how space is being articulated, negotiated and resisted. The spatial analysis of the literacy events that are part of the project made possible the identification of loci of learning, power, creativity and subjectivity, which possibly would not have emerged under another perspective / Doutorado / Linguagem e Tecnologia / Doutora em Lingüística Aplicada

Orientador: Daniel de Carvalho Moreira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T02:01:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rocha_AnaPaulaSilva_M.pdf: 56121937 bytes, checksum: 29584f23d324ae13a5a267ea82b9ab23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Este trabalho investiga o impacto das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) na Arquitetura em si, e nos seus diálogos com outras áreas de conhecimento. A questão básica que orienta esta dissertação é a análise de como as transformações tecnológicas e a transdisciplinaridade afetam as mudanças de paradigma na disciplina arquitetônica. Trata-se de um estudo de caso que procura identificar quais são as transformações impostas pela inserção dos meios digitais no cotidiano humano, suas implicações no pensamento, gênese e produção arquitetônica contemporânea e, finalmente, estudar projetos que abordem essas reflexões. O principal objetivo da pesquisa é investigar como a concepção de projetos arquitetônicos pode ser ampliada para que corresponda à complexidade intrínseca aos novos modos de ser e estar inerentes à sociedade pós-industrial do século XXI. Dentro desse contexto, numa atmosfera em que os suportes digitais estão, cada vez mais, vinculados à existência humana, procura-se entender as inter-relações entre concreto e virtual na configuração de uma nova espacialidade. Apresenta-se então uma reflexão a partir de alguns projetos contemporâneos selecionados ¿ protótipos e experimentos que retomam questões advindas do universo conceitual da virtualidade ¿ cujo desenho e/ou conceito são indissociáveis de ambientes virtuais, sendo esses projetos pensados como espacialidades materializáveis ou não. Como método de análise os projetos selecionados serão estudados a partir de seis critérios: programa, sítio de implantação, conceito e partido, resposta formal, interação com o ambiente externo e interação com o usuário. A intenção é analisar como as possibilidades espaciais dos ambientes virtuais e concretos vêm nutrindo-se mutuamente e as formas de diálogo entre imaterialidade e materialidade / Abstract: This work investigates the impact of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Architecture itself as well as in its dialogues with others areas of knowledge. The basic question which orients this dissertation is the analysis of how the technological transformations and the transdisciplinarity have affected the paradigm changes in the architectural discipline. This is a case study that seeks to identify which are the transformations imposed by the insertion of digital means in human beings¿ daily lives, also its implications in contemporary architectural thought, genesis and production. Finally, it intends to study projects that address such reflections. The research¿s main goal is to investigate how the conception of architectural projects may be amplified in order to correspond to the intrinsic complexity of the new modes of being that are inherent to the post-industrial society of the 21st century. In this context ¿ in an atmosphere in which more and more the digital supports are linked to the human existence ¿ the intention is to understand the interrelationships between concrete and virtual in the configuration of a new spatiality. Thus, the work presents a reflection that stems from a few selected contemporary projects ¿ prototypes and experiments which retrieve questions that derive from the conceptual universe of virtuality ¿ whose drawing and/or concept are inseparable from virtual environments, considering these projects as spatialities which are possible or not to materialize. As a methodology of analysis, the selected projects will be studied according to six criteria: program, implementation site, architectural concept, formal response, interaction with the external environment and interaction with the user. The intention is analyzing how the spatial possibilities of the virtual and concrete environments have been mutually feeding each other, also studying the forms of dialogue between immateriality and materiality / Mestrado / Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade / Mestra em Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade

This paper explores the compositional method of “temporal plane shifting” used to evoke states of suspended time in two of my compositions, Something Like Your Lagrangian Point (2019), for two pianists and two percussionists, and Nothing Never Always Sometimes Changes (2021) for alto flute/piccolo, tenor saxophone, violin, cello, and piano. Temporal plane shifting involves overlaying musical material of unrelated tempi—what I call “temporal planes”—to create an experience of time that parallels being in two different locations or states at once. I argue that this creates the feeling of “suspended time.” This paper begins with an overarching theory that, because our conceptions of time are bound with our conceptions of motion, states of entrainment are thus felt as locations in space. This argument is then expanded to explain the reasoning behind suspended time as the sensation of being in two locations at once. The rest of the paper uses the aforementioned pieces to explore how temporal planes are composed by way of instrumental juxtaposition, rhythmic juxtaposition, material limitation, and gestural repetition, and ends with a discussion of future considerations for the expansion of temporal plane composition.

This dissertation explores Early Modern cosmographical imagining and historical writing in the Andean region of the Americas. Following the European invasion of the Americas in the sixteenth century, prominent Western cosmographical and historical treatises like Sacro Bosco's de Sphera Mundi and the Nuremberg Liber Chronicarum became outdated regional works that lacked any information about American landmasses and indigenous people. The voids shown by these previously authoritative sources create a need for new ideas.In this dissertation, analyzing written and visual sources, I investigate how Indigenous, mestizo, and European scholars in the Early Modern Andes from the 1550s to the 1650s reinvented cosmographical and antiquarian practices to envision the world as an integrated entity in time and space. They combined non-written pre-Columbian structures, ruins, fossils, monoliths, megaliths, mythical landscapes, and indigenous narratives with ancient Biblical and Classical knowledge. By doing so, they established a new archive that became the foundation for further antiquarian and cosmographical knowledge, and revealing the that the so-called New World was full of history. I examine how innovative imaginings of historical time and cosmographical spaces were created in the Early Modern Andes. Authors demonstrated how the world was one since the very beginning of time by tracing connected world landscapes (worldscapes) to explain the geographical unity of the different continents and entangled chronological architectures (chronotectures) that linked the ancient ages of various societies, including places and people previously unthought of as part of the same world history.

We consider a number of temporal logics, some interval-based and some instant-based, and the choices that have to be made if we need to construct a computational framework for such a logic. We consider the axiomatisation of the accessibility relations of the underlying temporal structures when we are using a modal language as well as the formulation of axioms for distinguishing concepts like actions, events, processes and so on for systems using first-order languages. Finally, we briefly discuss the fields of application of temporal logics and list a number of fields that looks promising for further research. / Computer Science & Information Systems / M.Sc.(Computer Science)