O presente estudo tem por objetivo caracterizar o fluxo de conhecimento na interação universidade-empresa, identificando a relação em diferentes setores de diferentes países. O conceito de fluxo de conhecimento é apresentado como um complemento às teorias atuais de interação universidade-empresa, descritas principalmente pelo Triângulo de Sábato e pela Hélice Tripla. Argumenta-se que a interação universidade-empresa vem sendo apresentada pelo papel dos atores e canais de transferência de conhecimento, mas não deixa claro qual ator é responsável por iniciar a interação e o conteúdo de conhecimento transferido. Com isso, o conceito de fluxo de conhecimento é descrito pelo ator responsável por estimular a interação e pelo conteúdo de conhecimento, seja científico ou aplicado, transferido entre atores. A pesquisa foi conduzida pelo método de estudo de caso, em dois setores, horticultura e espacial, de dois países, Brasil e Holanda, totalizando 27 casos. Os resultados demonstram diferenças no fluxo de conhecimento entre os atores, relacionadas principalmente na comparação entre os países, e não tanto quanto aos setores. Os setores de horticultura e espacial holandeses possuem uma estrutura de conhecimento formada por universidades, centros tecnológicos e empresas, que desenvolvem atividades de pesquisa básica e aplicada voltadas à inovação. Como afirmam os entrevistados, comissões do governo aproximam pesquisadores e empresários, estimulando contatos informais e parcerias de desenvolvimento tecnológico. No Brasil, ambos os setores apresentam carências principalmente na geração de conhecimento, seja pesquisa básica, e na a formação de mão de obra. Os entrevistados declaram que os incentivos governamentais à pesquisa são restritos e descontínuos, dificultando o desenvolvimento tecnológico. Em relação ao fluxo de conhecimento, as interações universidade-empresa na Holanda possuem conteúdo de conhecimento descrito pelo critério pesquisa básica, pesquisa estratégica e pesquisa aplicada. No Brasil, o conteúdo de conhecimento presente no fluxo foi principalmente baseado no critério pesquisa aplicada, e tecnologia corrente. Os entrevistados de ambos os países mencionam que o estímulo ao fluxo ocorre principalmente pelo contato de empresas ou universidades, enquanto o estímulo do governo ocorre através de editais ou incentivos à pesquisa. Conclui-se que a interação universidade-empresa ocorre em ambos os países, porém o fluxo de conhecimento entre os atores reflete diferenças na estrutura científica e tecnológica instalada em cada país. Enquanto a Holanda desenvolve interações voltadas ao desenvolvimento tecnológico, no Brasil as interações buscam principalmente solucionar problemas técnicos, ou atividades de pesquisa aplicada às necessidades das empresas. Esta diferença ocorre pela reduzida capacidade científica das universidades brasileiras, pois as empresas buscam inovações em universidades e centros tecnológicos do exterior, ou desenvolvem internamente. Por fim, o conceito de fluxo de conhecimento demonstra que a Holanda possui uma avançada estrutura de pesquisa, e que comissões do governo formadas por pesquisadores e empresários aproximam os atores e alinham os objetivos tecnológicos. No Brasil, o conceito do fluxo de conhecimento apresenta restrições quanto à estrutura acadêmica de ensino e pesquisa científica, além de recursos governamentais limitados. / The present research aims to characterize the knowledge flow in university-industry relations, identifying this kind of partnership in different sectors of different countries. The concept of knowledge flow aims to complement the current university-industry relations theories, mainly described by Sábato’s triangle and the triple helix. It is argued that university-industry relations are generally defined by the role of actors and the channels of knowledge transfer. However, it is not clear which actor is responsible for initiating the interaction and the content of knowledge transferred. Thus, the concept of knowledge flow is described by the actor responsible for stimulating the relationship and the content of knowledge, between science and applied, transferred between actors. The case study research was conducted in two sectors, horticulture and space, in two countries, Brazil and The Netherlands, describing 27 cases. Results showed that differences in the knowledge flow between the actors can be mainly compared between countries, rather than between sectors. Both horticulture and space sectors in The Netherlands have a knowledge environment constituted by universities, research centres and companies which develop basic and applied research activities focused on innovations. As stated by the respondents, government commissions bring researchers and companies closer, encouraging informal contacts and partnerships for technological development. On the other hand, both sectors in Brazil present deficiencies especially in knowledge creation by basic research or training students. Respondents state that government subsidies for research are limited and discontinued, restricting technological development. Regarding the knowledge flow, university industry relations in The Netherlands are mainly defined by knowledge content criteria such as basic research, strategic research or applied research. In Brazil, the content of the knowledge flow was mainly based on applied research and current technology criteria. Respondents from both countries reported that the stimulus to the knowledge flow occurs by contact from companies or universities, while government stimulus is described by research tenders or subsidies. To conclude, universityindustry relations occur in both countries, but the knowledge flow between the actors reflects differences on the science and technology structure in each country. While The Netherlands develops interactions aiming to develop new technologies, in Brazil such relations mainly seek to solve technical issues, or applied research activities guided by market needs. This difference, however, is given by the reduced scientific capacity of Brazilian universities, as companies seek for technology innovations in research centres and universities abroad, or develops internally. Finally, the concept of knowledge flow shows that The Netherlands have an advanced research structure, and government commissions formed by researchers and companies approach the actors, aligning technology goals. In Brazil, the concept of knowledge flow demonstrates restrictions mainly in the structure of academic teaching, scientific research and also in government resources.

The New Space industry is a novel branch of the space industry focusing on innovation and commercialization. It experiences very swift growth, although only a fraction of this growth has taken place in Sweden. In order to change this, policymakers are investing funds and efforts into developing the Swedish New Space industry, including the Kvarken Space Center project, aimed at developing the Northern Swedish New Space industry. Here, we see public support in developing a high-tech innovation ecosystem in a peripheral area. This is a topic offering multiple research streams on the most efficient development methods, two of which juxtapose the knowledge ecosystem and intercompany collaborations respectively. With that in mind, we formulated the following research question:   How are collaborations and the knowledge ecosystem used to source knowledge for the innovation process?   To approach to the subject, we gathered literature on innovation systems and ecosystems in order to analyze the importance of the knowledge ecosystem and the various shapes the industry can assume. This information is linked to theory on knowledge types and sourcing methods considering tacit and codified knowledge, which through different constellations form different needs of knowledge sources.   Our empirical approach investigated how the companies used different knowledge sources, namely collaborations, the knowledge ecosystem, and other sources, including networks, monitoring, and mobility. Thereafter, we considered the effects of outstanding factors, including funding and the peripheral region, on knowledge input in innovation.   We identified that companies in the upstream industry node, i.e. those related to launch activities and vehicles, and companies in the downstream node, i.e. those extracting data from space, both use engineering knowledge. Engineering knowledge requires both tacit and some codified knowledge, suggesting similar knowledge inputs for both nodes. However, different node traits lead to different inputs. Upstream companies see low degrees of knowledge transfer, especially from the knowledge ecosystem and from collaborations due to NDAs and intellectual property regards, and tacit knowledge input from external sources is particularly lacking.  Downstream actors see few constraints to using the investigated knowledge sources, although collaborations saw difficulties due to complexities in structuring them. However, many unilateral complementarities are seen from the knowledge ecosystem, leading to higher knowledge input particularly from networks, while also boosting collaborations to some extent. This was also partly observed in upstream companies. Thus, the knowledge ecosystem sees significant use, although much is indirect, while collaborations see less use.   Our main findings are that policymakers and the knowledge ecosystem should focus more on sources of tacit knowledge, such as students, while investing in network-boosting activities as industry events. Companies, especially upstream ones, should utilize collaborations more. Upstream companies should also utilize the local knowledge ecosystem more, as the rights to intellectual property produced by private actors in universities belong to the producer. Regarding future research, we warrant studies on knowledge sourcing in New Space companies and other knowledge sources, such as networks as a compensatory knowledge source.

Additive manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, is a collection of production processes that has received a good deal of attention in recent years from different industries. Features such as mass production of customised products, design freedom, part consolidation and cost efficient low volume production drive the development of, and the interest in, these technologies. One industry that could potentially benefit from AM with metal materials is the space industry, an industry that has become a more competitive environment with established actors being challenged by new commercial initiatives. To be competitive in these new market conditions, the need for innovation and cost awareness has increased. Efficiency in product development and manufacturing is required, and AM is promising from these perspectives. However, the maturity of the AM processes is still at a level that requires cautious implementation in direct applications. Variation in manufacturing outcome and sensitivity to part geometry impact material properties and part behaviour. Since the space industry is characterised by the use of products in harsh environments with no room for failure, strict requirements govern product development, manufacturing and use of space applications. Parts have to be shown to meet specific quality control requirements, which is done through a qualification process. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate challenges with development and qualification of AM parts for space applications, and their impact on the product development process. Specifically, the challenges with powder bed fusion (PBF) processes have been in focus in this thesis. Four studies have been carried out within this research project. The first was a literature review coupled with visits to AM actors in Sweden that set the direction for the research. The second study consisted of a series of interviews at one company in the space industry to understand the expectations for AM and its implications on product development. This was coupled with a third study consisting of a workshop series with three companies in the space industry. The fourth study was an in-depth look at one company to map the qualification of manufacturing processes in the space industry, and the challenges that are seen for AM. The results from these studies show that engineers in the space industry work under conditions that are not always under their control, and which impact how they are able to be innovative and to introduce new manufacturing technologies, such as AM. The importance of product quality also tends to lead engineers into relying on previous designs meaning incremental, rather than radical, development of products is therefore typical. Furthermore, the qualification of manufacturing processes relies on previous experience which means that introducing new processes, such as AM, is difficult due to the lack of knowledge of their behaviour. Two major challenges with the qualification of critical AM parts for space applications have been identified: (i) the requirement to show that critical parts are damage tolerant which is challenging due to the lack of understanding of AM inherent defects, and (ii) the difficulty of testing parts in representative environments. This implies that the whole product development process is impacted in the development and qualification of AM parts; early, as well as later stages. To be able to utilise the design freedom that comes with AM, the capabilities of the chosen AM process has to be considered. Therefore, Design for Manufacturing (DfM) has evolved into Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM). While DfAM is important for the part design, this thesis also discusses its importance in the qualification of AM parts. In addition, the role of systems engineering in the development and qualification of AM parts for space applications is highlighted.

During the last decades, the space sector has gone through many changes; more private actors have joined, the dependence on space assets has increased, and the threat of cyberwarfare and private cyber attacks is growing. With this recent development, one wonders how we can ensure cyber security in such a specific industry. This is a multifaceted matter since there is a need to have technical solutions and to ensure that stakeholders take their responsibility, both of which will be considered in this thesis. Thirteen qualitative interviews with Swedish space stakeholders were conducted to understand the current industry landscape and which aspects should be prioritised for the future. We found that all Swedish actors must begin to cooperate, both state and businesses should contribute to a change in priority and technical experts should have more influence. The results were also applied and evaluated with the Multistakeholder Model. We examined distributed ledger technology and which adjustments were needed to make it applicable to satellites to include a technical aspect. We found that an update of the underlying structure and the choice of Proof of Stake as a consensus method could make distributed ledgers less demanding of computational power and storage.

Esta tese de doutoramento está voltada ao estudo do Distrito Industrial de Joinville, importante centro industrial de Santa Catarina. Realiza uma avaliação crítica do Plano e Implantação do Distrito Industrial sob o ponto de vista dos resultados práticos obtidos, haja vista o seu quadro atual de sub-ocupação. A abordagem inicia com a discussão a respeito da origem dessa prática no Brasil por volta dos anos 70, fruto de uma política de desenvolvimento urbano via industrialização. Aponta, que por iniciativa dos Governos Federal e Estadual, foram criadas em muitas cidades fora de regiões já congestionadas como São Paulo, áreas dotadas de infra-estrutura básica e subsídios para implantação de unidades industriais, denominadas distritos industriais. Segue com a busca do referencial teórico demonstrando conhecimentos publicados acerca de novos padrões de localização industrial como resultado do processo de reestruturação produtiva em curso, reflexo da globalização. Procura esclarecer as diversas interpretações acerca do termo distrito industrial, situando o leitor quanto ao conceito brasileiro e quanto aos condicionantes técnicos e urbanísticos que eram observados na sua implantação. Posto o referencial teórico, o trabalho realiza uma abordagem sobre o processo de industrialização de Joinville, investigando a dinâmica industrial no território e o respectivo acompanhamento da legislação urbanística. Passa então a uma análise específica do Distrito Industrial de Joinville, da concepção à conseqüente regulamentação em 1975 até o processo gradual de implantação, atestando a limitação dessa prática urbanística comprovada pelos resultados tão abaixo do esperado num dos maiores pólos industriais do Sul do Brasil que representa Joinville. Finaliza com algumas diretrizes urbanísticas relativas à localização e promoção industrial no município. / The aim of this doctoral thesis is to study the Industrial District of Joinville, an important industrial center in Santa Catarina. It makes a critical evaluation of the Plan and Introduction of the Industrial District according to the practical results obtained, taking into account its current situation of reduced area occupation. The approach begins with the discussion about the origin of this practice in Brazil around the 1970s, as a result of an urban development policy by means of industrialization. It shows that, due to initiative of the federal and state governments, areas with basic infrastructure and subsidies for introduction of industrial units (called industrial districts) were created in many cities outside already crowded regions such as São Paulo. It continues with the search of the theoretical conditioning factor showing information published about the new patterns of industrial localization as a result of the process of productive restructuring in course as a reflection of globalization. The aim is to clarify several interpretations about the industrial district designation, giving an idea to the reader about the Brazilian concept and about the technical and urbanistic conditioning factors which were observed during its introduction. After explaining the theoretical conditioning factor, this paper makes an approach on the industrialization process in Joinville, investigating the industrial process in the territory and the respective follow-up of the urbanistic legislation. Afterwards it makes a specific analysis of the Industrial District of Joinville from its conception to the consequent regulation in 1975 up to the gradual introduction process, confirming the limitation of this urbanistic practice shown by the results which were so much under the level expected in one of the biggest industrial centers in the south of Brazil represented by Joinville. It ends by showing some urban guidelines concerned to the localization and industrial promotion in the municipality.

Esta tese de doutoramento está voltada ao estudo do Distrito Industrial de Joinville, importante centro industrial de Santa Catarina. Realiza uma avaliação crítica do Plano e Implantação do Distrito Industrial sob o ponto de vista dos resultados práticos obtidos, haja vista o seu quadro atual de sub-ocupação. A abordagem inicia com a discussão a respeito da origem dessa prática no Brasil por volta dos anos 70, fruto de uma política de desenvolvimento urbano via industrialização. Aponta, que por iniciativa dos Governos Federal e Estadual, foram criadas em muitas cidades fora de regiões já congestionadas como São Paulo, áreas dotadas de infra-estrutura básica e subsídios para implantação de unidades industriais, denominadas distritos industriais. Segue com a busca do referencial teórico demonstrando conhecimentos publicados acerca de novos padrões de localização industrial como resultado do processo de reestruturação produtiva em curso, reflexo da globalização. Procura esclarecer as diversas interpretações acerca do termo distrito industrial, situando o leitor quanto ao conceito brasileiro e quanto aos condicionantes técnicos e urbanísticos que eram observados na sua implantação. Posto o referencial teórico, o trabalho realiza uma abordagem sobre o processo de industrialização de Joinville, investigando a dinâmica industrial no território e o respectivo acompanhamento da legislação urbanística. Passa então a uma análise específica do Distrito Industrial de Joinville, da concepção à conseqüente regulamentação em 1975 até o processo gradual de implantação, atestando a limitação dessa prática urbanística comprovada pelos resultados tão abaixo do esperado num dos maiores pólos industriais do Sul do Brasil que representa Joinville. Finaliza com algumas diretrizes urbanísticas relativas à localização e promoção industrial no município. / The aim of this doctoral thesis is to study the Industrial District of Joinville, an important industrial center in Santa Catarina. It makes a critical evaluation of the Plan and Introduction of the Industrial District according to the practical results obtained, taking into account its current situation of reduced area occupation. The approach begins with the discussion about the origin of this practice in Brazil around the 1970s, as a result of an urban development policy by means of industrialization. It shows that, due to initiative of the federal and state governments, areas with basic infrastructure and subsidies for introduction of industrial units (called industrial districts) were created in many cities outside already crowded regions such as São Paulo. It continues with the search of the theoretical conditioning factor showing information published about the new patterns of industrial localization as a result of the process of productive restructuring in course as a reflection of globalization. The aim is to clarify several interpretations about the industrial district designation, giving an idea to the reader about the Brazilian concept and about the technical and urbanistic conditioning factors which were observed during its introduction. After explaining the theoretical conditioning factor, this paper makes an approach on the industrialization process in Joinville, investigating the industrial process in the territory and the respective follow-up of the urbanistic legislation. Afterwards it makes a specific analysis of the Industrial District of Joinville from its conception to the consequent regulation in 1975 up to the gradual introduction process, confirming the limitation of this urbanistic practice shown by the results which were so much under the level expected in one of the biggest industrial centers in the south of Brazil represented by Joinville. It ends by showing some urban guidelines concerned to the localization and industrial promotion in the municipality.

Nos mercados dominados por compras de governo, os investimentos em inovação dependem, em grande parte, de subvenções públicas cujo sucesso de aplicação está relacionado a um produtivo arranjo das instituições envolvidas. Neste trabalho são investigadas e analisadas as práticas e mecanismos relacionados à inovação em projetos de estado. A pesquisa foi realizada empregando-se o método de estudo de caso, tendo sido conduzidas uma etapa exploratória e uma etapa de pesquisa de campono setor espacial brasileiro. Foram analisadas instituições e empresas com participação no setor espacial, sendo as empresas ligadas ao desenvolvimento e à manufatura de subsistemas para satélites. Na esfera governamental, foram analisados documentos oficiais relacionados ao setor espacial, bem como ao sistema nacional de inovação. Os diferentes elementos mapeados são leis e regulamentos, subvenção econômica, programas e políticas, recursos financeiros, mão de obra, contratos e produtos desenvolvidos e propriedade intelectual. Esses elementos foram analisadosà luz das teorias institucional, de sistemas nacionais e setoriais de inovação, triângulo de Sabato, tripla hélice, inovação aberta e contratação pública e caracterizados como determinantes dinâmicos que contribuem para o aperfeiçoamento do processo de geração de inovação. Os resultados do presente trabalho compreendem: a caracterização do universo organizacional do setor espacial brasileiro e dos contratos entre instituições públicas e as empresas; análise da legislação pertinente à inovação e confronto com a prática empresarial, e a identificação dos elementos relevantes nos mecanismos de governança e inovação no setor espacial. Em especial, identificaram-se os fatores promotores e inibidores da inovação na estrutura de governança do programa de satélites brasileiros à luz dos pressupostos teóricos condicionantes da inovação. No campo teórico este trabalho busca compreender as formas de interação governo – indústria no contexto de fomento à inovação, através da estruturação de uma ferramenta analítica para a análise de projetos nacionais de inovação. Futuras aplicações desse ferramental analítico poderão ser feitas no estudo de outros setores produtivos, além dos de alta tecnologia, que sejam dependentes da interação com o Estado. / In markets dominated by government purchases, investment in innovation depends mainly on public subsidies whose success in application is related to a productive arrangement of the institutions involved.In this work we investigate and analyze practices and mechanisms related to innovation in state coordinated projects. The research was carried out using a case study method, having been conducted in two phases: exploratory and field studyin the Brazilian space sector. Institutions and companies participating in the space sector were analyzed. The studied companies develop and manufacture satellite subsystems. In the governmental sphere, official documents related to the space sector and to the national system of innovation were analyzed. The different elements mapped are laws and regulations, economic subsidy, programs and policies, financial resources, labor, contracts and developed products, and intellectual property. These elements were analyzed in light of theories of institutions, national and sectoral systems of innovation, Sabato’s triangle, triple helix, open innovation and public procurement, and characterized as dynamic determinants which contribute to the improvement of the innovation generation process. The results of the present work include: characterization of organizations which participate in the Brazilian space sector andof contracts signed between public institutions and companies; analysis of the legal framework pertaining to innovation, confronting it with organizational practice, and identification of relevant elements in the governance and innovation mechanisms in the space sector. In particular, factors which promote and inhibit innovation were identified in the governance structure of the Brazilian satellite program, in light of the theoretical presuppositions which condition innovation. In the theoretical field, this work aims to understand forms of government – industry interaction in the context of fostering innovation, through structuring an analytical tool for analyzing national projects for innovation. Future applications of this analytical framework may be in studying other productive sectors, besides high technology areas, which may be dependent of interaction with the State.

Nos mercados dominados por compras de governo, os investimentos em inovação dependem, em grande parte, de subvenções públicas cujo sucesso de aplicação está relacionado a um produtivo arranjo das instituições envolvidas. Neste trabalho são investigadas e analisadas as práticas e mecanismos relacionados à inovação em projetos de estado. A pesquisa foi realizada empregando-se o método de estudo de caso, tendo sido conduzidas uma etapa exploratória e uma etapa de pesquisa de campono setor espacial brasileiro. Foram analisadas instituições e empresas com participação no setor espacial, sendo as empresas ligadas ao desenvolvimento e à manufatura de subsistemas para satélites. Na esfera governamental, foram analisados documentos oficiais relacionados ao setor espacial, bem como ao sistema nacional de inovação. Os diferentes elementos mapeados são leis e regulamentos, subvenção econômica, programas e políticas, recursos financeiros, mão de obra, contratos e produtos desenvolvidos e propriedade intelectual. Esses elementos foram analisadosà luz das teorias institucional, de sistemas nacionais e setoriais de inovação, triângulo de Sabato, tripla hélice, inovação aberta e contratação pública e caracterizados como determinantes dinâmicos que contribuem para o aperfeiçoamento do processo de geração de inovação. Os resultados do presente trabalho compreendem: a caracterização do universo organizacional do setor espacial brasileiro e dos contratos entre instituições públicas e as empresas; análise da legislação pertinente à inovação e confronto com a prática empresarial, e a identificação dos elementos relevantes nos mecanismos de governança e inovação no setor espacial. Em especial, identificaram-se os fatores promotores e inibidores da inovação na estrutura de governança do programa de satélites brasileiros à luz dos pressupostos teóricos condicionantes da inovação. No campo teórico este trabalho busca compreender as formas de interação governo – indústria no contexto de fomento à inovação, através da estruturação de uma ferramenta analítica para a análise de projetos nacionais de inovação. Futuras aplicações desse ferramental analítico poderão ser feitas no estudo de outros setores produtivos, além dos de alta tecnologia, que sejam dependentes da interação com o Estado. / In markets dominated by government purchases, investment in innovation depends mainly on public subsidies whose success in application is related to a productive arrangement of the institutions involved.In this work we investigate and analyze practices and mechanisms related to innovation in state coordinated projects. The research was carried out using a case study method, having been conducted in two phases: exploratory and field studyin the Brazilian space sector. Institutions and companies participating in the space sector were analyzed. The studied companies develop and manufacture satellite subsystems. In the governmental sphere, official documents related to the space sector and to the national system of innovation were analyzed. The different elements mapped are laws and regulations, economic subsidy, programs and policies, financial resources, labor, contracts and developed products, and intellectual property. These elements were analyzed in light of theories of institutions, national and sectoral systems of innovation, Sabato’s triangle, triple helix, open innovation and public procurement, and characterized as dynamic determinants which contribute to the improvement of the innovation generation process. The results of the present work include: characterization of organizations which participate in the Brazilian space sector andof contracts signed between public institutions and companies; analysis of the legal framework pertaining to innovation, confronting it with organizational practice, and identification of relevant elements in the governance and innovation mechanisms in the space sector. In particular, factors which promote and inhibit innovation were identified in the governance structure of the Brazilian satellite program, in light of the theoretical presuppositions which condition innovation. In the theoretical field, this work aims to understand forms of government – industry interaction in the context of fostering innovation, through structuring an analytical tool for analyzing national projects for innovation. Future applications of this analytical framework may be in studying other productive sectors, besides high technology areas, which may be dependent of interaction with the State.

Nos mercados dominados por compras de governo, os investimentos em inovação dependem, em grande parte, de subvenções públicas cujo sucesso de aplicação está relacionado a um produtivo arranjo das instituições envolvidas. Neste trabalho são investigadas e analisadas as práticas e mecanismos relacionados à inovação em projetos de estado. A pesquisa foi realizada empregando-se o método de estudo de caso, tendo sido conduzidas uma etapa exploratória e uma etapa de pesquisa de campono setor espacial brasileiro. Foram analisadas instituições e empresas com participação no setor espacial, sendo as empresas ligadas ao desenvolvimento e à manufatura de subsistemas para satélites. Na esfera governamental, foram analisados documentos oficiais relacionados ao setor espacial, bem como ao sistema nacional de inovação. Os diferentes elementos mapeados são leis e regulamentos, subvenção econômica, programas e políticas, recursos financeiros, mão de obra, contratos e produtos desenvolvidos e propriedade intelectual. Esses elementos foram analisadosà luz das teorias institucional, de sistemas nacionais e setoriais de inovação, triângulo de Sabato, tripla hélice, inovação aberta e contratação pública e caracterizados como determinantes dinâmicos que contribuem para o aperfeiçoamento do processo de geração de inovação. Os resultados do presente trabalho compreendem: a caracterização do universo organizacional do setor espacial brasileiro e dos contratos entre instituições públicas e as empresas; análise da legislação pertinente à inovação e confronto com a prática empresarial, e a identificação dos elementos relevantes nos mecanismos de governança e inovação no setor espacial. Em especial, identificaram-se os fatores promotores e inibidores da inovação na estrutura de governança do programa de satélites brasileiros à luz dos pressupostos teóricos condicionantes da inovação. No campo teórico este trabalho busca compreender as formas de interação governo – indústria no contexto de fomento à inovação, através da estruturação de uma ferramenta analítica para a análise de projetos nacionais de inovação. Futuras aplicações desse ferramental analítico poderão ser feitas no estudo de outros setores produtivos, além dos de alta tecnologia, que sejam dependentes da interação com o Estado. / In markets dominated by government purchases, investment in innovation depends mainly on public subsidies whose success in application is related to a productive arrangement of the institutions involved.In this work we investigate and analyze practices and mechanisms related to innovation in state coordinated projects. The research was carried out using a case study method, having been conducted in two phases: exploratory and field studyin the Brazilian space sector. Institutions and companies participating in the space sector were analyzed. The studied companies develop and manufacture satellite subsystems. In the governmental sphere, official documents related to the space sector and to the national system of innovation were analyzed. The different elements mapped are laws and regulations, economic subsidy, programs and policies, financial resources, labor, contracts and developed products, and intellectual property. These elements were analyzed in light of theories of institutions, national and sectoral systems of innovation, Sabato’s triangle, triple helix, open innovation and public procurement, and characterized as dynamic determinants which contribute to the improvement of the innovation generation process. The results of the present work include: characterization of organizations which participate in the Brazilian space sector andof contracts signed between public institutions and companies; analysis of the legal framework pertaining to innovation, confronting it with organizational practice, and identification of relevant elements in the governance and innovation mechanisms in the space sector. In particular, factors which promote and inhibit innovation were identified in the governance structure of the Brazilian satellite program, in light of the theoretical presuppositions which condition innovation. In the theoretical field, this work aims to understand forms of government – industry interaction in the context of fostering innovation, through structuring an analytical tool for analyzing national projects for innovation. Future applications of this analytical framework may be in studying other productive sectors, besides high technology areas, which may be dependent of interaction with the State.

Regardless of new mining technologies and environmental regulations, the minerals we extract from the earth’s crust will eventually run out. Likewise, our society demands a constant increase of technology to improve our quality of life. Mining in Zero Gravity is a speculative design project that offers a vision of our first attempt at mining platinum group metals from asteroids by the year 2040. Kolibri is designed within the boundaries of the future challenges facing the mining industry and the development of our space industry.