By drawing upon aspects of critical geography to explore three writers' representations of urban space and subject formation, American Ethni/Cities develops and advocates for a new methodological approach to the study of literature. Predicated on theories devised by Henri Lefebvre, David Harvey, Edward Soja, Gil Valentine and other geographically-minded thinkers, this spatially conscious literary practice has the potential to enhance one's understanding of literary texts, power dynamics, identity construction, and the spaces one inhabits. Each of the chapters comprising this study aims to demonstrate what this interdisciplinary partnership between geography and literature can reveal. By focusing on Cahan's representation of Jewish immigrants living on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, Wright's depiction of black migrants adjusting to life in the industrial North, and Baldwin's exploration of masculinity as a socio-spatial construct, each respective case-study draws attention to the relationship between spatial production and subject formation. The overarching hope of American Ethni/Cities is that others will find this inter-disciplinary partnership productive and will subsequently make it their own, thereby producing even greater understandings of how power works in the spaces we read about, create, and inhabit in our own daily lives.

abstract: In the studies of public space redevelopment, property ownership has been a central field that attracts scholars’ attention. However, the term “privatization” is usually used as a stand-in for a more general process of exclusion without an examination of the nature of property itself. While taking the universality of law for granted, few studies show how that universality is built out of particular spaces and particular times, and thus hardly explain the existence of counterexamples. This dissertation argues that the counterexamples and theoretical inconsistencies are a theoretical gap in current public space privatization studies; this gap is created by the metaphorical understanding of public space ownership. This dissertation comprehensively answers how property transfer shapes the production of public space. It emphasizes the significance of social and historical contexts in understanding the meaning of property ownership. It follows the theoretical framework of Lefebvre and Pierson as well as Lefebvre’s methodology of spatial dialectic. The case in this dissertation is the history of Patriots Park, Phoenix, Arizona from 1976 to 2007. Public records, archives and governmental plans, historical newspapers and online essays, second-hand interviews, speech transcripts and transcripts of interviews are four main sources of this dissertation. This dissertation develops a new framework to understand the meaning of public space ownership through both the initial construction of planning ideology and the spatial evolution through practice and perception, which can more comprehensively and consistently interpret the different outcomes of different public space property transfer. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Public Administration and Policy 2017

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-04T13:40:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 magnoangelokelmer.pdf: 10525332 bytes, checksum: 44ee9e1db43a468ef304df71aba94872 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-08T14:51:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 magnoangelokelmer.pdf: 10525332 bytes, checksum: 44ee9e1db43a468ef304df71aba94872 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T14:51:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 magnoangelokelmer.pdf: 10525332 bytes, checksum: 44ee9e1db43a468ef304df71aba94872 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-24 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O Município de Baependi, no sul do Estado de Minas Gerais, tradicionalmente conhecido por seus recursos hídricos e integrante do Circuito Turístico da Águas, conta atualmente com a presença da atividade turística do tipo religioso, na qual visitantes buscam conhecer os atrativos do local da vida e obra da beata Nhá Chica; mulher negra, simples, analfabeta, neta de escravos e que atraiu, em vida, centenas de pessoas ao seu encontro, tornando-se uma fonte de necessidades e desejos. Após sua morte, a beata passou a ser venerada e, em 2013, sua beatificação foi realizada, fato que faz parte de um processo de canonização que aumentou a divulgação sobre seus possíveis milagres. Com isso, um número crescente de visitantes quer conhecer mais sobre Nhá Chica, fazendo com que o município tenha um maior fluxo de visitação envolvendo a fé, caracterizando a prática do turismo religioso, o que tem contribuído na sua reprodução sócio-espacial. O município de Baependi consolida-se como um destino de turismo religioso e passa a ser denominado como “Terra de Nhá Chica”, fato que agrava as contradições pertinentes ao seu processo de reprodução espacial. A atividade turística, enquanto consumidora dos espaços onde atua, tem marcado sua presença na organização espacial do município, transformando-o para e pela sua atuação. Desta forma, ao conter a organização espacial, o processo de produção do espaço pauta-se na lógica do capital impondo-o uma racionalidade programada para a mercantilização e o consumo. Temos então, novas formas, resultantes das ações articuladas com a estrutura, valorizando a relação dialética valor de uso-valor de troca, fornecendo novo sentido para os espaços. Compreender o processo de produção espacial de Baependi, mediante a acentuação de determinadas contradições e estabelecendo novas, apresenta-se como o mote deste trabalho. / The city of Baependi, in the south of the state of Minas Gerais, is traditionally known for its water resources and it’s part of the Water Tourism Circuit. Nowadays, it counts on the presence of religious tourism activity in which visitors seek to know the places and the work of Nhá Chica, the blessed; Black woman, simple, not educated, granddaughter of slaves and a person that in life attracted hundreds of people to her circle, becoming a source of needs and wishes. After her death, the Blessed started to be adored and, in 2013, her Beatification was accomplished. This fact was part of a canonization process that increased propagation of her possible miracles. Thereby, an increasing number of visitors have been visiting the city in order to know more about Nhá Chica, which makes the city reach a greater flow of tourism that involves faith, which characterizes the religious tourism practice. This fact has contributed in its socio-spatial reproduction. The city of Baependi consolidates itself as a religious tourism destination and becomes “Nhá Chica Land”, fact that aggravates the relevant contradictions to its spatial reproduction. The tourism activity, while consumer of the places where it operates, has made its presence in the city spatial organization, transforming it for its operations. This way, as it contains the spatial organization, the spatial production process bases itself on the capital logic, imposing a programed rationality for commodification and consumption. We have, then, new models, result of articulated actions with the structure, adding value to the use value-trade value dialectic, providing a new sense for the spaces. Understanding the process of Baependi spatial production, highlighting some contradictions and establishing new ones are the reason for this work.

[pt] A Operação Urbana Consorciada da Região do Porto do Rio de Janeiro (OU-CRPRJ) é uma das manifestações espaciais do processo de reestruturação produtiva do modo de produção capitalista associada às liberalizações do setor financeiro ocorridas a partir de 1980. Esta operação é materializada através da reestruturação urbano-imobiliária das regiões central e portuária da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A atual interconexão entre mercado financeiro e setor imobiliário promove a inversão de capital financeiro no processo de produção espacial através da emissão e comercialização de títulos mobiliários ligados ao solo urbano. Assim, a lógica financeira se materializa no espaço da OUCRPRJ através da comercialização de Certificados de Potencial Adicional de Construção (CEPACS), o que aponta a tendência da financeirização da produção do espaço. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem o objetivo de desvelar as contradições do processo de produção do espaço da OUCRPRJ, no qual, configuram-se estratégias de diferenciação e desigualização que promovem a formação de renda diferencial tanto dentro do perímetro como na escala da metrópole, ambas diretamente relacionadas à dinâmica financeira. Além disso, a produção do espaço da OUCRPRJ provoca a remoção da população que vive este espaço e é expulsa pela Prefeitura da Cidade sob justificativas desenvolvimentistas que seguem diretrizes neoliberais forjadas por instituições internacionais como o Banco Mundial que, em última análise, visa a reprodução continuada de capital por uma parcela da sociedade. Neste contexto, toma-se o processo de produção do espaço da OUCRPRJ como objeto analítico da presente dissertação de mestrado. / [en] The Operação Urbana Consorciada da Região do Porto do Rio de Janeiro (OUCRPRJ) is a spatial manifestation of the productive restructuring process associated to the financial sector liberalization that occurred since the 1980 s. This urban operation materializes through a realestate restructuring of central and harbor areas. The current interconnection between financial market and the realestate sector promotes financial capital injection in spatial production process by the issue of securities related to urban land. Thus, the financial capital logic materializes in OU-CRPRJ s through the commercialization of Certificados de Potencial de Construção Adicional (CEPACS), which points out the trend of spatial production fi-nancialization. In this sense, this research aims to unveiling the contradictions of spatial production process inside OUCRPRJ where differential and unequal strategies are configured, promoting differential rent formation inside the perimeter, as well as outside in the metropolis scale, both directly related to financial capital dynamics. Furthermore, the OUCRPRJ s spatial production causes the removal of population who actually lives in this space and is removed by the city hall under developmentalist justifications that follows neoliberal guidelines made by international institutions such as the World Bank, which intends to continue the reproduction of capital by a part of society. In this sense, the spatial production process of OUCRPRJ is the analytical object of this dissertation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:51:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ChristianoHSM_DISSERT.pdf: 2896926 bytes, checksum: df70a8836143ea9e0e1ab78932050793 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-20 / Nowadays, there is a tourism phase in the city of Natal/RN called internationalization of tourism , which shows a tourism model with a planning and an administration, based on the needs of the visitors. Such process shows that the production as well as the reproduction of the city spaces with the goal of favor tourism excludes of its composition the effective participation of local subjects. Thus, the research is a result of the perception of tourism as an activity with a meaningful power of transformation of the social and natural space taking into account the low participation of the residents in the decisions of the tourism activities in the city of Natal/RN. Despite that reality, it is possible to note Natal that civil society, starts to mobilize its citizens trying to develop collective actions to low the negative impacts caused by the bad planning as wells not efficient tourism administration, trying to put in action the right of the local population to take part in the decisions of the city activities. Having this panorama as background, this paper aims at investigating in which way the mobilizing action of the social capital in Natal has contributed to change the spatial production which is part of the process of expansion of tourism in Natal/RN? The research presents a temporal picture which starts in the year of 1980, when occurs the first effective state intervention aiming to develop tourism in the capital, taking into account an analysis of 2012. Concerning the spatial picture, the research investigates the beaches of Natal which concentrates criteria and actions such as: visitation, tourism appeal and focus of investments, highlighting the following beaches: Ponta Negra, Areia Preta, Praia dos Artistas, Praia do Meio, Praia do Forte and Redinha. This study is of a descriptive and exploratory nature concerning its goals. With respect to the treatment of its object it is a qualitative research. The data was collected through structural interviews, with open questions. Regarding the methodological choices, it was used the content analysis proposed as well as the collective discursive subject methodology. The results show that there?s not yet in Natal a meaningful social capital related to tourism, capable to change the spatial production related to the activity. It should be stressed that Natal social capital presents difficulties concerning the incentive to trust, spontaneous cooperation and the civic participation, which are the foundation for the development of an effective social capital, which makes it harder for a more expressive articulation in the reality in Natal/RN. It should be stressed, as an answer to the research questions, that tourism in Natal/RN is represented by social and spatial segregation. In other words it emphasizes mainly the action of hegemonic agents (State and market), leaving little room for the participation of society. It can be noticed that the actions related to tourism in Natal keeps the popular participation out of the way. Thus, it can be said that the social capital in Natal/RN does not yet contribute to a more fair spatial production related to the expansion of the tourism as well as the well being of the population of Natal/RN. In conclusion, it should be taken into account that this participation do exists but not in a meaningful way. In other words, it?s not enough yet to cause meaningful changes in the actions which tourism needs nowadays in Natal/RN / Na conjuntura contempor?nea, a fase que o turismo vivencia em Natal/RN ? intitulada de internacionaliza??o do turismo e denota um modelo tur?stico que apresenta um planejamento e uma gest?o pautados nas necessidades dos visitantes. Este processo tem evidenciado que tanto a produ??o, quanto a (re) produ??o dos espa?os municipais com o intuito de condicion?los para o turismo, geralmente exclui de sua composi??o, a participa??o efetiva dos sujeitos locais. Desse modo, a pesquisa surge da percep??o do turismo como uma atividade com significativo poder de transforma??o dos espa?os s?cio-naturais, com interfer?ncia e apelo ex?geno, observando de maneira relacionada, uma baixa participa??o do residente nos direcionamentos da atividade tur?stica no munic?pio de Natal. No Entanto, j? ? poss?vel notar que parte da sociedade civil natalense ora organizada, inicia ainda que de forma t?mida, certa mobiliza??o com vistas a desenvolver a??es coletivas que combatam os impactos negativos provocados pelo mau planejamento e ineficiente gest?o do turismo, buscando efetivar o direito da participa??o local nos direcionamentos da atividade. Diante desse panorama, buscase saber nesta disserta??o, de que forma a a??o mobilizadora do capital social constitu?do em Natal/RN tem contribu?do para redirecionar o processo de produ??o espacial, inerente ao processo de expans?o do turismo no munic?pio de Natal/RN? O estudo apresenta um recorte temporal que inicia no ano de 1980, data que marca a primeira interven??o estatal com a finalidade de desenvolver o turismo na capital, contemplando ainda uma an?lise da contemporaneidade, isto ?, 2012. J? como recorte espacial, a pesquisa abarca as praias de Natal que concentram crit?rios e a??es como: visita??o, apelo tur?stico e foco de investimentos nos fixos, destacando-se as praias de: Ponta Negra, Areia Preta, Praia dos Artistas, Praia do Meio, Praia do Forte e Redinha. Este estudo se caracteriza como descritivoexplorat?rio quanto aos seus objetivos, e no que se refere ao tratamento do objeto, nomeia-se como qualitativo. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta das informa??es junto ? amostra foi ? entrevista estruturada, com quest?es abertas. Ainda sobre as op??es metodol?gicas, utiliza-se a An?lise de Conte?do e a Metodologia do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os resultados evidenciam que ainda inexiste em Natal um n?vel de organiza??o social expressivo ligado ao turismo, capaz de redirecionar em totalidade a produ??o espacial voltada para a atividade. ? pertinente dizer que as lideran?as sociais de Natal apresentam dificuldades quanto ao incentivo ? confian?a, ? coopera??o espont?nea e ? participa??o c?vica, fundamentos b?sicos para a forma??o de um capital social efetivo, fato este, que dificulta uma articula??o mais expressiva na realidade natalense. ? oportuno relatar que o turismo em Natal/RN n?o ? includente, fato que fomenta uma segrega??o socioespacial expressiva, valorizando primordialmente a a??o dos agentes hegem?nicos (Estado e Mercado), deixando para a participa??o da sociedade, p?fias oportunidades. Nota-se que as a??es continuam sendo encaminhadas num contexto de not?ria aus?ncia de participa??o popular. Por isso, afirma-se que o capital social constitu?do em Natal/RN ainda n?o contribui, de forma ideal, para um redirecionamento mais justo da produ??o espacial voltada para o desenvolvimento do turismo e para o bem comum da popula??o natalense. Com base nesses descompassos, considera-se que esta participa??o existe, mas de forma pontual, n?o sendo suficiente para provocar um redirecionamento significativo nas a??es do turismo de Natal necessita na atualidade

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-01T11:58:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 21530191 bytes, checksum: 53eabb2c2c691e59d00ef1e7f1b825cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present research approaches the spatial production in Altiplano neighborhood, located at the Eastside of João Pessoa city, which is currently the focus of an intense urban transformation. The publication of Local Ordinance n. 5844 in January 2007 allowed the densification of a determined area until than considered Additional Restricted Zone by the City Master Plan (1994). This resolution attracted upscale investments which started a rapid process of city verticalization up to be noticed and questioned under several features, since the environmental nature, going through the probably lost of cultural and landscaping values of the place, reaching reflections about applied urban legislature and the physical capability of the neighborhood to support the new demands. To analyze this region under the view of the production of the space was the trodden way to comprehend the city as a product of social working through the articulation between fields as the valorization, planning and occupation of urban space. So, the actual dissertation aims to evaluate the recently changes that characters the space production in the Altiplano neighborhood since the publication of Ordinance n. 5844/2007 and what relations they have with the strategies, initiatives and interests of production agents of the city about the whole urban dynamics field. To develop this work and obtain the intended objectives, it was necessary to establish three acting lines. The first refers to the bibliographic research intending to obtain a satisfactory theoreticalconceptual knowledge about two main themes necessary to the development of this dissertation. The second acting line is related to field research, composed by in loco visits, documental research and interviews applying. That was interviewed area acting incorporator´s representatives, architects e public employees related to urban planning. The third line of action corresponded to the organization and analysis of collected material, weaving reflections about the current situation, reasons and consequences of urban decisions applied in the area, and future occupancy tendencies of the sector by its relations with the whole city. The realized study reveals how the Altiplano have been produced by a complex game of influences and interests done by agents who interact between themselves framing the urban space construction and the real estate market dynamics of the city. / A presente pesquisa aborda a produção espacial do Bairro Altiplano, localizado na zona Leste da cidade de João Pessoa-PB, atualmente foco de um processo de intensa transformação urbana. A publicação do Decreto Municipal nº 5844 em janeiro de 2007 permitiu o adensamento de uma determinada área até então considerada Zona de Restrições Adicionais pelo Plano Diretor da Cidade (1994). Tal medida atraiu investimentos de elevado padrão que deram início a um acelerado processo de verticalização passível de ser percebido e questionado sob diversos aspectos, desde o cunho ambiental, passando pela provável perda do valor cultural e paisagístico do lugar, chegando a reflexões sobre a legislação urbana aplicada e a capacidade física do Bairro de suportar as novas demandas. Analisar esse bairro sob a ótica da produção do espaço foi o caminho trilhado para que se compreendesse a cidade enquanto produto do trabalho social através da articulação entre movimentos como a valorização, o planejamento e a ocupação do espaço urbano. Sendo assim, a presente dissertação objetiva avaliar as transformações recentes que caracterizam a produção do espaço urbano no Bairro do Altiplano em João Pessoa a partir da publicação do Decreto nº 5844/2007 e que relações elas apresentam com as estratégias, iniciativas e interesses dos agentes produtores da cidade no tocante à dinâmica urbana como um todo. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho e a obtenção dos objetivos traçados, fez-se necessário estabelecer três linhas de ação. A primeira refere-se à pesquisa bibliográfica no intuito de obter um satisfatório embasamento teórico-conceitual acerca dos principais temas necessários ao desenvolvimento desta dissertação. A segunda linha de ação está relacionada à pesquisa realizada em campo, composta por visitas in loco, pesquisa documental e aplicação de entrevistas. Foram entrevistados representantes de incorporadoras atuantes na área, imobiliárias, moradores, arquitetos e funcionários públicos ligados ao planejamento urbano. A terceira linha de ação correspondeu à sistematização e análise do material coletado, tecendo reflexões acerca da situação atual, razões e consequências das decisões urbanísticas aplicadas na área, e tendências futuras de ocupação do Bairro mediante suas relações com o restante da cidade. O estudo realizado revela como o Altiplano vem sendo produzido segundo um complexo jogo de influências e interesses travado por agentes que interagem entre si moldando a construção do espaço urbano e a dinâmica imobiliária da cidade.

Using the example of the French-German border, which had been established in 1871 after the annexation of Alsace and parts of Lorraine, this article centres around the (methodological) argument of analysing borders and borderlands through the lens of practices. Instead of focusing on identities, my point is to ask about the ways common people moved through the borderland, and about the (spatial) rationales they followed in their everyday lives. Their agency, mobility and actions can be traced in files produced by the newly created border police, an institution charged with the surveillance, documentation, and rejection of border crossers. The border police inspectors’ practices made the border tangible for those that were considered suspicious (as non-loyal or not belonging) – an assumption often based on how people moved through the borderland. I argue that we cannot grasp the impact of the national border by solely looking at the conceptions of border regions but have to take practices and the many ways of making sense of this space seriously: The border residents’ economic, social, and religious spaces or other people’s longer trajectories followed their own logics, but then collided with the clear national separation that border police officials sought to put into practice. Therefore, it was not so much the border crossers’ motivation, but the administration, diplomacy, and press that framed events on the ground as national conflicts or clear statements of national belonging.

Denna fallstudie berör tre fastigheter i Malmö som genom tillämpningen av tidsbegränsade bygglov kunnat möjliggöra att byggnader används för ett nytt syfte ställt mot vad befintliga ändamålsbestämmelser antyder enligt detaljplan. Fastigheternas planbestämmelser relaterar till användning inom industri och lever idag inte upp till aktuella behov från fastighetsägare och verksamheter, som via det tidsbegränsade lovet kunnat ändra användningen vilket skildrar ett flexibilitet tillvägagångssätt.  Malmö stad har även formulerat intentioner med att använda sig av temporär användning i områden som står inför utveckling i färd med att testa nya flexibla metoder i stadsutvecklingsprocessen. De tre fastigheter som studerats ligger inom områden som Malmö stad har påbörjat planering och utveckling för. Av den anledningen har fastigheterna med tidsbegränsade lov undersöks i relation till Malmö stads intentioner om den temporära användningen och huruvida tidsbegränsade lov kan användas som ett flexibelt verktyg i sådana processer.  Användningen som de tidsbegränsade byggloven bidragit till har bringat nytt liv i fastigheterna som nu inrymmer etablerade och erkända verksamheter vilka bringar dynamik till dess respektive områden och staden. Användningen baseras i stort på kulturverksamheter vilka är öppna, tillgängliga och uppskattade av dess användare. Användningen bidrar både till ekonomiska och kulturella värden men kommer inte helt utan risker. Då både temporär användning och tidsbegränsade bygglov initialt förhåller sig till en bestämd tidsram finns risken att skapade värden går förlorade då användningen inte kan garanteras att bli bestående. / This case study concerns three properties in Malmö that by using time-limited building permits were able to enable buildings to be used for new purposes, contrary to what the existing land regulations say. The properties whose land regulations relate to industrial purposes do not currently meet the current needs of property owners and businesses, who were able to change the use via the time-limited permits, which depicts a flexibility in use.  The city planning department of Malmö has also formulated intentions to make use of temporary planning in areas that are facing development in the process of testing new flexible methods in the urban development. The three properties studied are located in areas for which the city planning department has begun planning and development. For that reason, the properties with time-limited permits have been examined in relation to the intentions of the city planning department regarding the temporary use and whether time-limited permits can be used as a flexible tool in such processes.  The use to which the time-limited building permits have contributed has brought new life to the properties which now house established and recognized businesses which bring dynamism to their respective areas and the city. The use is largely based on cultural activities which are open, accessible and appreciated by their users. The use contributes to both economic and cultural values but does not come entirely without risks. As both temporary use and time- limited building permits initially relate to a fixed time frame, there is a risk that created values are lost as the use cannot be guaranteed to be permanent.