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This thesis explores the subject of playing either a high or low horn in a symphony orchestra, looking at the roles, repertoire, and pedagogical methods connected with each. The purpose of the study is to shed light on the phenomenon of horn players categorizing themselves as either high or low horn players and to examine the debate between a balanced approach and specialization in horn playing. The study focuses on excerpts that are frequently used in auditions around the world and offers a thorough analysis of repertoire examples that are necessary for both high and low horn playing. A number of common exercises and studies are included in the examination of historical and modern teaching methods and approaches used in conservatories. Interviews with Björn Olsson and Benedikt Scholtes, two professional horn players and teachers, yield their perspectives on the subject, providing insightful information. The thesis acknowledges the individuality of each horn student and seeks to answer the question of whether categorizing oneself as a high or low horn player and concentrating solely on one register is wise or whether a balanced approach is preferable. In the current competitive orchestral employment landscape, the author discusses the potential advantages and disadvantages of such specialization. The study emphasizes the significance of versatility in horn playing and the need for a larger repertoire beyond the typical audition pieces. This thesis offers insightful information and viewpoints for horn players who are faced with questions and decisions regarding high and low horn playing by examining traditional high and low horn repertoire in addition to pertinent studies and exercises.

For centuries the architect was the master builder; the one who was responsible for both the design and the construction of a project with sufficient construction expertise to oversee the project from inception to completion. Eventually, complexity of projects required a higher level of specialization leading to the separation of the designer and the builder. Since that separation, the role of the designer, or architect, has continued to shift and evolve. In recent history, the architect has been the one selected by a building owner, at the inception of the project, as the professional who is able to assist and represent the owner throughout the duration of the project. Today however, the role of the architect is once again shifting and leading the architect in a different direction. Building owners are beginning to approach the builder through a design-build or construction manager delivery method first and relying upon them for the overall project and construction expertise instead of the architect. The architect will continue to carry the responsibility of creating the building's design and producing the construction documents. It is very unlikely that this role will change. Any of its other construction related roles, however, are being assumed by the build team. If the architect remains on its current path, it will continue to become more specialized with design and production and carry less responsibility. While the exact role of the architect of today is unclear and heading in a negative direction, the entire construction process continues to evolve and provide new opportunities. The successful architect to come is going to be the one who looks at ways to reclaim its lost responsibilities, explore new alternative services, and promote a higher level of collaboration with the build team.

I used on-site interviews and angler counts to estimate angler effort, catch and harvest rates, and total catch and total harvest. On the Smith River, angling pressure per km was most intense in the special management area, with most use occurring on weekend days. Anglers harvested approximately 90% of the rainbow trout they caught, and 63% of the rainbow trout stocked during the study period. Anglers harvested only 5% of the brown trout they caught. Philpott Reservoir was overwhelmingly a nonconsumptive black bass fishery (anglers harvested only 9% of the black bass they caught). I also estimated net economic value of both fisheries using the travel cost method (TCM) and contingent valuation method (CVM). In addition to estimating net economic value for the fisheries under current fishing conditions, I also explored changes in economic value under different fishing scenarios and alternative flow regimes. On the Smith River, doubling an angler's chance of catching a large trout (> 16 in.) had the highest net economic value of any scenario in all three river sections. The wild trout scenario had the highest net economic value in the special management area. On Philpott Reservoir, doubling an angler's chance of catching a black bass had the highest net economic value. Total economic value (including angler expenditures) of both fisheries was $656,140, only $13,000 less than the value of power produced at Philpott Dam during Fiscal Year 1995. / Master of Science

Emergence of the metacommunity concept has explicitly recognized the interplay of local and regional processes. The metacommunity concept has already made a substantial contribution to the better understanding of the community composition and dynamics in a regional context. However, long-term field data for testing of available metacommunity models are still scarce and the extent to which these models apply to the real world remains unknown and some of their assumptions untested. Tests conducted so far have largely sought to fit data on the entire regional set of species to one of several metacommunity models, implicitly assuming that all species, members of the metacommunity, can be modelled in the same manner (using a single model). However, species differ in their habitat use to the extent that such uniform treatment may be inappropriate. Furthermore, in testing the metacommunity models, all metacommunity studies relay on snapshots of species distribution to assess the relative importance of local and regional processes. However, snapshot patterns may be insufficient for producing a reliable picture of metacommunity dynamics and processes shaping it. I hypothesised that the relative importance of local (competition, predation or abiotic filtering or constraints) and regional (interaction of populations with landscape, migration or dispersal) processes may vary with species' traits, including habitat specialization. The perception of importance of local and regional processes in structuring community composition obtained via static approach may vary from that obtained by considering the temporal dynamics of component species. My general approach used a model system comprising natural rock pools microcosms. I have also employed experimental approach in the laboratory. I found that different metacommunity models suit for different groups of habitat specialization. I also found this to be true whether the analyses are based on snapshot data or describing temporal dynamics of species populations. These results suggest that a metacommunity system exhibits an internal differentiation of structuring processes. Specifically, from the metacommunity perspective, the dynamics of habitat specialists are best explained by a combination of species sorting and mass effects models, while that of habitat generalists is best explained by patch dynamics and neutral models. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

A catch-related attitude measurement scale is used for discerning an angler’s evaluation of catching fish in four constructs (catching something, catching numbers, catching large fish, and retaining fish) in two studies. The first study was of resident (in-state) and nonresident (out-of-state) anglers at Sardis and Grenada reservoirs and the second was of hand grabblers and rod and reel catfish anglers. In the first study at Sardis Reservoir, there were no differences in catch-related attitudes between groups. At Grenada Reservoir, there were differences between groups toward catching large fish and retaining fish. In the second study, hand grabblers had stronger attitudes toward catching large fish than rod and reel catfish anglers but rod and reel catfish anglers had stronger attitudes toward catching numbers. Knowledge of catch-related attitudes can lead to more palatable regulations that enhance angler satisfaction and ultimately retain and recruit new and lapsed anglers.

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