The design of specialized instructions for application specific processors is a challenging task. This thesis describes the issues of effective specification and use of specialized instructions for optimization of applications. It focuses on improvements of the outputs and usability of the semiatomatic method of selection of specialized instructions to allow the optimization of complicated applications. This method combines manual selection of instructions by marking a section of source code in the application and automatic generation of the instruction description in the modelling language.

Orientador: Carmen Silvia Fernandes Boaro / Resumo: Espécies vegetais são capazes de produzir diversidade de substâncias, que desempenham funções importantes para sua sobrevivência e adaptação ao ecossistema. O metabolismo primário, é essencial para o crescimento, desenvolvimento, maturação e reprodução de qualquer espécie. O metabolismo especializado, dependente do primário, é responsável por originar o óleo essencial, que são misturas de metabólitos especializados voláteis, representados principalmente por monoterpenos e sesquiterpenos. Cada espécie vegetal produz um óleo essencial de composição característica específica, podendo ser influenciado por fatores bióticos e abióticos. A fenologia pode influenciar processos bioquímicos e rotas metabólicas capazes de modificar a formação de substâncias biologicamente ativas, alterando diretamente o conteúdo e a qualidade dos óleos essenciais. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se as fases fenológicas, vegetativa e reprodutiva modificam o desempenho fotossintético e o perfil do óleo essencial de Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart., influenciando sua atividade biológica na defesa antioxidante e ação antifúngica. As variáveis, fluorescência da clorofila a, trocas gasosas, carboidratos, atividade enzimática e peroxidação lipídica, potencial água, conteúdo relativo de água das folhas, extração, rendimento, caracterização química e atividade antifúngica do óleo essencial de Xylopia aromatica foram avaliadas em 24 plantas, 12 no estádio vegetativo e 12 no reprodutivo, coletadas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Research aimed at the knowledge of plant species allows the elaboration of projects that aim at the understanding of development, conservation of biodiversity and sustainable exploitation of natural resources. The primary metabolism, represented by photosynthesis and the specialized one, that synthesizes the essential oil, can be influenced by the environmental and phenological conditions, which can influence the chemical profile of the essential oil and the biological activity in the vegetal defense, including against fungi, bacteria and virus. Compounds from the specialized metabolism present biological activity and potential for the production of bactericides and fungicides. Therefore, it is necessary to know the stage of development of plant species in which the substances of interest, with economic potential, are more concentrated, thus orienting, if appropriate, the collection period, aiming at the conservation and sustainable use. There are scientific studies that reveal biological activity of essential oils, as observed for the genus Xylopia, but none of them relates the primary and specialized metabolism to the stage of development in which the species is found. In this way, the objective of this research was to evaluate if the phenological, vegetative and reproductive phases of Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. modify the photosynthetic performance and the profile of the essential oil, which may influence its biological activity in the antioxidant defense and antifunga... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Carina Alexandra Rondini / Resumo: A partir do contexto de Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) ao aluno com Altas Habilidades/Superdotação (AH/SD) de uma cidade do interior paulista, revelou-se o objetivo do presente de investigar se a existência de um centro educacional especializado no atendimento do aluno com AH/SD, o CEDET - Centro para o Desenvolvimento do Potencial e Talento, e suas ações teriam contribuições para o processo de desmistificação, por parte dos professores do Ensino Fundamental I, acerca desse alunado, bem como de sua aceitação e identificação. Segundo a Política Nacional de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva, são considerados alunos com AH/SD aqueles que demonstram potencial elevado nestas áreas: intelectual, acadêmica, liderança, psicomotricidade e artes, combinadas ou isoladas. O AEE para alunos com AH/SD tem por finalidade atender às necessidades específicas desse público-alvo da Educação Especial, com enriquecimento curricular e complementação, quando necessário. O produto desse trabalho apresenta-se em três artigos, sendo o primeiro com desígnio de expor a legislação de apoio ao aluno com AH/SD, orientações sobre seu atendimento e acompanhamento, explicitando a metodologia Caminhos para Desenvolver Potencial e Talento, utilizada no Centro, e o processo de identificação, que conta com um Guia de Observação Direta, de 31 indicadores de características e comportamentos referentes a domínios de inteligência, respondido exclusivamente por professores dos anos in... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: From the context of Specialized Educational Assistance (AEE) to students with High Ability (AH/SD) from a city in the interior of São Paulo, the present objective of investigating whether the existence of an educational center specialized in attending AH/SD student, the CEDET - Center for the Development of Potential and Talent, and their actions would have contributions to the demystification process, by the teachers of Elementary School I, about this student, as well as their acceptance and identification. According to the National Special Education Policy from the perspective of Inclusive Education, students with AH/SD are considered to be those who demonstrate high potential in these areas: intellectual, academic, leadership, psychomotricity and the arts, combined or isolated. The purpose of the ESA for students with AH/SD is to meet the specific needs of this target audience of Special Education, with curriculum enrichment and complementation, when necessary. The product of this work is presented in three articles, the first with the purpose of exposing the legislation to support students with AH/SD, guidelines on their care and monitoring, explaining the methodology Paths to Develop Potential and Talent, used in the Center, and the identification process, which has a Direct Observation Guide, of 31 indicators of characteristics and behaviors related to intelligence domains, answered exclusively by teachers from the early years of Elementary School I. It also presents th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Le système répressif français comporte des juridictions ordinaires et des juridictions spécialisées. Dans cette catégorie, on trouve les juridictions spécialisées de droit commun et les juridictions d’attribution. Les juridictions spécialisées de droit commun, créées à partir 1975 sont compétentes en matière d’infractions complexes. Les juridictions d’attribution rassemblent les anciennes formations d’exception et sont dédiées au jugement de délinquants particuliers, les mineurs, les militaires et les membres du gouvernement. La première partie de notre étude est destinée à rechercher comment le législateur procède à l’intégration des formations spécialisées dans le système de droit commun en les soumettant au respect des règles du procès pénal. La seconde partie présente leur mode de fonctionnement et les moyens qui sont mis à leur disposition pour lutter contre les infractions les plus complexes. / The French repressive system comprises ordinary courts and specialized jurisdictions. In this category, one can find the specialized courts of common law and the courts of attribution. The specialized ordinary courts established since 1975 have jurisdiction over complex offenses. The courts of attribution bring together former formations of exception and are dedicated to the judgment of particular offenders, minors, soldiers and members of the government. The first part of our study is intended to as certain how the legislator integrates specialized training in the common law system by subjecting them to respect for the rules of criminal trial. The second part presents their mode of operation and the means that are made available to these formations to combat the most complex infringements.

Le nombre des génomes bactériens séquencés disponibles dans les bases des données ne cesse d’augmenter. Grâce au développement d’outils bio informatiques, l’exploration de ces données génomiques est devenue beaucoup plus aisée. Ces analyses génomiques révèlent qu’un important réservoir de gènes du métabolisme spécialisé, et potentiellement de métabolites bioactifs, reste encore à explorer. J’ai étudié le métabolisme spécialisé d’une souche de Streptomyces appelée Streptomyces sp.TN58, isolée à partir d’un échantillon de sol tunisien et retenue pour son spectre d’activité biologique assez large. Son génome a été séquencé dans le cadre de ce travail. Je me suis particulièrement intéressée à la biosynthèse de deux familles de métabolites spécialisés, les acyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosides et les dicétopipérazines.Les acyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosides sont des composés qui possèdent un groupement rhamnose lié à un groupement acyle. Ils présentent plusieurs activités d’intérêt médical (antitumorale, antifongique, antibactérienne…). Leur biosynthèse par des Streptomyces a déjà été décrite, mais aucune étude de leur voie de biosynthèse n’est disponible dans la littérature. La souche Streptomyces sp.TN58 était connue pour produire deux molécules de cette famille. J’ai montré qu’elle en produisait une troisième et j’ai recherché quels gènes dirigeaient leur biosynthèse. J’ai pu identifier les gènes impliqués dans la biosynthèse du précurseur rhamnose et montrer qu’ils sont impliqués dans la biosynthèse des acyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosides. Les gènes localisés au voisinage de ceux qui dirigent la biosynthèse du rhamnose ne sont pas impliqués dans la biosynthèse des acyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranoides. Cette organisation est originale, car tous les gènes impliqués dans la biosynthèse d’un métabolite spécialisé ne sont pas groupés, contrairement à ce qui est classiquement trouvé chez les Streptomyces et plus généralement chez les microorganismes. L’analyse du génome de Streptomyces sp. TN58 a permis l’identification d’autres gènes candidats, mais l’inactivation de certains de ces gènes n’abolit pas la biosynthèse des trois molécules d’acyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside. Ceci peut suggérer plusieurs enzymes promiscuitaires pourraient être impliquées dans la biosynthèse des acyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosides.Les dicétopipérazines sont des dérivés de dipeptides cycliques et constituent une classe de produits naturels possédant des activités biologiques diverses, mais leur rôle physiologique chez l’organisme producteur reste peu connu. Elles peuvent être synthétisées par des mégacomplexes enzymatiques, les synthétases de peptides non ribosomiques (NRPS), ou par des cyclodipeptides synthases (CDPS). Ces dernières sont des enzymes de petite taille utilisant des ARN de transfert amino-acylés comme substrat. Les cyclodipeptides synthétisés peuvent subir différentes modifications, ce qui explique la diversité de leur structure chimique. L’analyse du génome de Streptomyces sp.TN58 a permis d’identifier un cluster de deux gènes (codant une CDPS et un cytochrome P450) homologues à des gènes impliqués dans la biosynthèse d’une dicétopipérazine (la mycocyclosine) chez Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J’ai identifié les produits dont la biosynthèse est dirigée par ces gènes. J’ai construit des souches mutées pour tester l’hypothèse d’un rôle de ces produits dans la signalisation pour la différenciation morphologique et la production d’antibiotiques chez Streptomyces sp.TN58. Les premiers résultats obtenus semblent en accord avec cette hypothèse. / The number of sequenced bacterial genomes available in databases is steadily increasing. With the development of bioinformatics tools, the exploration of these genomic data has become much easier. These genomic analyzes reveal that an important reservoir of genes for specialized metabolism, and potentially bioactive metabolites, remains to be explored. The vast majority of bacterial specialized metabolism was therefore ignored. I studied the specialized metabolism of a Streptomyces strain called Streptomyces sp.TN58, isolated from a Tunisian soil sample and retained for its broad spectrum of biological activity. Its genome has been sequenced in the frame of this work. I was particularly interested in the biosynthesis of two families of specialized metabolites, acyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosides and diketopiperazines (DKPs).Acyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosides are compounds having a rhamnose group linked to an acyl group. They possess a variety of biological activities of medical interest (anti-tumor, antifungal, antibacterial…). Their production by Streptomyces sp. has been described previously but no study of their biosynthetic pathway is available in literature. Streptomyces sp.TN58 strain was known to produce two molecules of this family. I showed that it produced a third one and I looked for the genes directing their biosynthesis. I have identified the genes involved in the biosynthesis of the rhamnose precursor and shown that their inactivation abolished the biosynthesis of acyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosides. However, the genes located in the vicinity of the rhamnose biosynthetic genes are not involved in acyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside biosynthesis. This organization is unusual because all the genes directing the biosynthesis of a specialized metabolite are not clustered, contrarily to what is usually found in Streptomyces and more generally in microorganisms. A genome-mining approach allowed the identification of candidate genes, but the inactivation of some of these genes did not abolish the biosynthesis of the three acyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside molecules. This suggests that several rather promiscuous enzymes might be involved in the biosynthesis of acyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosides.DKPs are cyclic dipeptide derivatives. This class of natural products possesses a wide variety of biological activities, but their physiological role in the producing organism remains often unknown. DKPs can be synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs) or by cyclodipetide synthases (CDPSs). Contrarily to NRPSs which are enzymatic megacomplexes using amino acids as substrate, CDPSs are small enzymes using amino-acylated tRNAs as a substrate. The synthesized cyclodipeptides can undergo various modifications, which explains the diversity of DKP chemical structures. Mining the genome of Streptomyces sp. TN58 allowed the identification of a cluster of two genes (encoding a CDPS and a cytochrome P450) homologous to genes involved in the biosynthesis of a DKP (mycocyclosin) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. I managed to identify the DKP synthesized. I constructed mutant strains to test the hypothesis that these DKPs could play a role as signaling molecules for morphological differentiation and antibiotic production in Streptomyces sp.TN58. Preliminary results seem to support this hypothesis

Over the last 30 years, the justice system has increased attention toward domestic violence. In many states, the emphasis has emerged to a specialization, separate dockets and specially trained judges (Center for Court Innovation 2009). Domestic violence courts have evolved, however the Ninth Circuit Court in Orange and Osceola County has yet to adopt this concept. At present, the Osceola County Courthouse utilizes the Unified Family Court (UFC), an integrated comprehensive approach which handles all cases simultaneously addressing the families involved in disputes, as well as the adults and the children of domestic violence. The Orange County Courthouse on the other hand, has the court rooms on one designated floor of the Orange County Courthouse which is dedicated to domestic relation’s cases. There are (3) specialized judges for domestic violence cases which rotate every (6) months. This thesis will explore the different challenges that are faced by the judicial system in domestic violence courts in Orange and Osceola County. One of those challenges is that there is no set “model” to develop a consistency in practices and policies; therefore there is no mutual understanding or agreement for the purposed outcome. With the study of case law, statutes, court research, court observation, and goal assessments, this thesis will explore the possibilities of change in this court system. The purpose of this study is to contribute awareness, present recommendations to the legal system, and state that it is not enough -although critical- to focus on the victim’s safety and the offender accountability, but also it is crucial to place an emphasis on specially trained judges and stakeholders in order to create a more unified structure.

Receptor-Interacting Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase 2 (RIP2) is a kinase which modulates signaling downstream of the bacterial peptidoglycan sensors NOD1 and NOD2. It is known that activation of RIP2 by engaging NOD receptors increases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine and lipid mediators. We have some data indicating that RIP2 may also be involved in specialized pro-resolution lipid mediator (SPM) production. However, the molecular mechanisms by which RIP2 is involved in lipid mediator biosynthesis, are currently unknown. Understanding this process may have significant implications for RIP2-targeted therapies, which may not only inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine and lipid mediator production but may also disrupt SPM production and resolution programs. This thesis aims to demonstrate that RIP2 is involved in promoting the activation of ALOX5 in a transient overexpression setting but also in an endogenous setting using relevant bacterial stimuli. These aims were accomplished through the optimization of a fluorescent assay to assess ALOX5 enzymatic activity, by optimization of ALOX5 enzyme purification and through molecular cloning of ALOX5 into a retroviral vector followed by viral transduction of the THP-1 human monocytic cell line. We find that co-expression of RIP2 with ALOX5 significantly enhances the enzymatic activity of ALOX5. We have successfully cloned NTAP-tagged ALOX5 into the pBABE retroviral vector and are currently selecting transduced cells so that we might test if this effect also occurs endogenously. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the production and regulation of SPMs would provide greater insight into potential new therapeutic approaches to promote resolution in chronic inflammatory diseases.

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