The diploma thesis deals with the issue of diagnosis of phatic disorders. The aim of this work is to provide insight into the topic of phatic disorders, especially by introducing diagnostic tests that are used in the Czech Republic and some available materials that are used in English- speaking countries. Individual diagnostic tests are processed on the basis of an analysis of professional literature in Czech and English. The diploma thesis is theoretical and is divided into four parts. The first chapter describes the impaired communication ability, aphasia in terms of definition, etiology, symptomatology and classification approaches. The second chapter presents diagnostic methods created and used in the Czech environment, which differ depending on the theoretical basis of individual experts, respectively. authors of test methods. The third chapter deals with diagnostic procedures abroad, specifically in English-speaking countries. The focus is on the presentation of the most important and available current methods, part of the chapter is a theoretical introduction to the history of aphasiology and fundamental paradigms that affect the form of the diagnostic process. The final part is devoted to the analysis and comparison of these methods. Both approaches agree on the goal of the diagnostic...

Antitumor pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs), lincosamide antibiotics, quorum sensing molecule hormaomycin, and antituberculotic griselimycin are structurally and functionally diverse groups of actinobacterial metabolites. The common feature of these compounds is the incorporation of L-tyrosine- or L-leucine-derived 4-alkyl-L-proline derivatives (APDs) in their structures. APD biosynthesis involves a set of up to six homologous proteins. According to their proposed order in the biosynthesis of 4-propyl-L-proline, a model APD of lincosamide lincomycin, the homologous proteins were named Apd1 - Apd6. Here, we report that the last reaction in the biosynthetic pathway of APDs, catalyzed by F420H2-dependent Apd6 reductases, contributes to the structural diversity of APD precursors. Specifically, the heterologous overproduction and in vitro tests of six Apd6 enzymes demonstrated that Apd6 from the biosynthesis of PBDs and hormaomycin can reduce only an endocyclic imine double bond, whereas Apd6 LmbY and partially GriH from the biosyntheses of lincomycin and griselimycin, respectively, also reduce the more inert exocyclic double bond of the same 4-substituted Δ1 -pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid substrate, making LmbY and GriH unusual, if not unique, among reductases. The two successive F420H2-dependent reduction...

The clinically used antibiotic lincomycin consists of an amino-sugar and an amino-acid moiety. The incorporated amino-acid 4-propyl-L-prolin (PPL) is very important for the linomycin bioactivity, as evidenced by the lower activity of the related antibiotic celesticetin, which incorporates proteinogenic L-prolin instead. Gene clusters for the biosynthesis of both lincosamides are published and reflect a common basis - biosynthesis of amino-sugar precursor and condensation reactions. Additionally, in the biosynthetic gene cluster for lincomycin there is a sub-cluster of genes encoding the biosynthesis of PPL, the alkylated proline derivative (APD). PPL has a common biosynthetic origin with other APDs that are part of the structures of antitumor pyrrolobenzodiazepines and the signal molecule hormaomycin, which is also reflected in the presence of homologous genes in their gene clusters. The acquired knowledge on PPL biosynthesis thus can be applied to a larger group of natural products. The first overall concept of APD biosynthesis was published forty years ago. The milestone was the year 1995 when the gene cluster for lincomycin biosynthesis was published and specific gene products have been proposed for individual biosynthetic steps. The functional proof of proteins has been performed so far just...

Bakgrund. Hypertoni är en av Sveriges vanligaste folkhälsosjukdomar. De flestadistriktssköterskor möter patienter med hypertoni dagligen och det är distriktssköterskansansvar att främja hälsa hos dessa patienter. En livsstilsförändring har visat sig ha en god effektpå hälsan för patienter med hypertoni och distriktssköterskan kan hjälpa patienten att takontroll över sin situation och känna tillit till sin egen förmåga att genomföra enlivsstilsförändring.Syfte. Syftet med studien är att beskriva distriktssköterskans erfarenheter av att arbetahälsofrämjande med patienter med hypertoni.Metod. En kvalitativ intervjustudie med beskrivande design. Åtta distriktssköterskorintervjuades och materialet har analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat. Att arbeta med hälsofrämjande rådgivning utgör en viktig del avdistriktssköterskans uppdrag. Det är en ansvarsfull uppgift som kräver stor kompetens,kunskap och framförallt lyhördhet i samtalet med patienten. Det kan vara utmanande att stöttapatienten till att hitta sin egen motivation och förmåga att främja sin hälsa utan att påtvinga enlivsstilsförändring, inte minst då arbetsmiljön för distriktssköterskor kan vara krävande.Slutsats. Det hälsofrämjande arbetet beskrivs som en viktig del av professionen. Samtidigtär det en kompetens som inte utnyttjas av verksamheterna då det ofta råder både brist på båderesurser och tid som gör att det hälsofrämjande arbetet blir åsidosatt. Då livsstilsrelateradesjukdomar såsom hypertoni ökar i alla åldrar är det viktigt att verksamheter har rutiner ochriktlinjer som gör att dessa patienter erbjuds en jämlik och bra vård utifrån aktuell forskningoch evidens. / Background. Hypertension is one of Sweden's most common peoples´ health issues. Mostnurses specialized in primary health care see patients with hypertension on a daily basis and itis their responsibility to promote health to these patients. Lifestyle change has proven to havea good effect on the health of patients with hypertension and the nurses specialized in primaryhealth care can help the patient to take control and trust their own ability to make a lifechange.Aim. The aim of the study is to describe the nurse specialized in primary health careexperiences of working to promote health in patients with hypertension.Method. Qualitative study with descriptive design. Eight nurses specialized in primary healthcare were interviewed and the material was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results. Working with health-promoting counseling is an important part of the assignmentof nurses specialized in primary health care. It is a responsible task that requires greatcompetence, knowledge and above all empathy in the conversation with the patient. It can bechallenging to support the patient in finding their own motivation and ability to promote theirhealth without forcing a lifestyle change, not least as the work environment for nursesspecialized in primary health care can be demanding.Conclusion. The health promotion work is described as an important part of the profession.At the same time, it is a competence that is not utilized by the activities as there is often a lackof both resources and time which means that the health-promoting work is neglected. Aslifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension increase at all ages, it is important that thebusiness has routines and guidelines that enable these patients to offer an equal based oncurrent research.

El trabajo de investigación se basa principalmente en el desarrollo de la marca Wayu, la cual consiste en la producción y comercialización vía online y en tiendas especializadas de granola de cereales andinos con fruta liofilizada. Esto en respuesta a la problemática de no encontrar un snack saludable que brinde las energías necesarias para realizar sus actividades diarias a nuestro público objetivo, el cual está compuesto por hombres y mujeres entre 18 y 35 años de Lima Metropolitana de los niveles socioeconómicos A y B que llevan un estilo de vida saludable. Para ello, el trabajo busca solucionar la problemática de nuestros consumidores mientras que consideramos una cuota de responsabilidad social al trabajar de cerca con las comunidades andinas de la zona Puerto Inca de Huancayo. Los experimentos realizados nos permitieron validar la intención de los consumidores finales mediante sus comentarios en las publicaciones de redes sociales y mensajes directos, asimismo, se validó el interés por parte de las tiendas especializadas de contar con nuestro producto como parte de su catálogo de bienes ofrecido al público objetivo que apuntamos. La estructura del trabajo se divide inicialmente en la descripción de la problemática a solucionar y el respectivo diseño del modelo del negocio. Todas las fases del trabajo llegan a un punto en común: justificar la viabilidad del negocio. Por último, se quiere demostrar si la inversión del proyecto puede ser recuperada en el tiempo trazado.

Title: Early specialization in youth female volleyball Objectives: Describe whether the current way of volleyball training process is inclined to a long-term concept of early specialization. Methods: The distribution electronic questionnaire of the E-survey type managed to collect the necessary data from 75 coaches of youth girls volleyball teams from all regions of the Czech Republic. The questionnaire was mostly relevant to coaches in the U13 category and contained 22 questions. The answers to the questions were statistical methods of processing tables and graphs and possibilities compared with research and literature Results: We found that 39% of coaches consider specialized training to be the most suitable form of sports training in the U13 category. It turned out that none of the other forms, such as general motor skills training and minivolleyball, has such a representation. The project of minivolleyball in colors is perceived positively by 82% of respondents, on the other hand in this category only less than 20% place it in more than half of the training units. The answers show that the U13 category is already predominantly specialized training of regular volleyball. The game is dominated by a game system with two setters, while in the teams there are mainly player specializations setter,...

La actividad traslativa está estrechamente ligada a la documentación. Por ende, es necesario que el traductor desarrolle una capacidad crítica de identificación e implementación de las fuentes de información. El desarrollo de la competencia informacional en los traductores en formación permite que estos adquieran habilidades para el empleo, la identificación, la evaluación y el procesamiento de información. Pese a que la competencia informacional está presente durante todo el proceso de aprendizaje de un traductor, la línea de traducción especializada exige que el traductor en formación reconstruya sus propias conductas informacionales y estrategias de documentación adquiridas hasta ese momento debido a la complejidad del proceso de documentación para la traducción de textos especializados. De esta manera, la presente investigación busca determinar las percepciones de los estudiantes de la carrera de Traducción e Interpretación Profesional de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC) con respecto al desarrollo de su competencia informacional al inicio de la línea de traducción especializada. En este caso, nos centraremos en el taller de Traducción Especializada I, el cual es el primer curso de la línea especializada en la UPC, pues nos permitirá determinar las percepciones de los estudiantes respecto al quiebre que constituye los procesos de documentación en los cursos de traducción especializada en contraste con el resto de los talleres de traducción llevados a lo largo de la carrera. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación, utilizaremos la técnica de entrevistas, pues nos permitirá indagar en las experiencias y las opiniones de los alumnos durante este taller. / Translational activity is closely linked to documentation. Therefore, it is necessary for the translator to develop a critical ability to identify and implement sources of information. The development of informational competence in trainee translators allows them to acquire skills for the use, identification, evaluation, and processing of information. Although informational competence is present throughout the learning process of a translator, the specialized translation courses line requires the trainee translator to reconstruct the informational behaviors and documentation strategies that they have acquired up to that moment due to the complexity of the documentation process for the translation of specialized texts. Thus, this research seeks to determine the perceptions of Translation and Interpreting students at Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC) regarding the development of their informational competence at the beginning of the specialized translation line. In this case, we will focus on the Specialized Translation I workshop, which is the first course in the specialized line at UPC, as it will allow us to determine the students’ perceptions concerning the change that constitutes the documentation processes in specialized translation courses in contrast to the rest of the translation workshops carried out throughout the degree. For the development of this research, we will use the interview technique, since it will allow us to investigate the experiences and opinions of the students during this workshop. / Trabajo de investigación

Le sclaréol est un diterpène produit par les organes floraux de la sauge sclarée (Salvia sclarea, Lamiaceae). Il est utilisé en parfumerie pour l’hémisynthèse de l’ambroxide, une substance caractérisée par une odeur ambrée et une grande capacité de fixation des parfums. L’augmentation de la demande mondiale en sclaréol stimule actuellement les tentatives d’accroître le rendement de la production de sclaréol à partir de la sauge sclarée. L’objectif du travail présenté dans ce manuscrit était d’améliorer notre compréhension de la biosynthèse du sclaréol et de sa régulation chez la sauge sclarée, afin de mettre en évidence des stratégies d’augmentation du contenu en sclaréol de la sauge sclarée. L'analyse de la surface des calices de sauge sclarée par imagerie par spectrométrie de masse suggère que le sclaréol est principalement sécrété par des structures épidermiques spécialisées appelées trichomes glandulaires. De plus, nous avons mis en évidence les contributions respectives des deux voies de biosynthèse des terpènes présentes chez les plantes, les voies MVA et MEP, à la biosynthèse de trois terpènes de la sauge sclarée. Des expériences de marquage au ¹³C indiquent que le sclaréol et l’acétate de linalyle sont tous deux issus de la voie MEP, alors que le β-caryophyllène semble être d’origine mixte. Nous avons également étudié le rôle potentiel d’une phytohormone, le méthyljasmonate, dans la régulation de la production de sclaréol chez la sauge sclarée. Enfin, nous avons exploré la diversité génétique et phénotypique de populations croates de sauge sclarée sauvage, et montrons que ces populations représentent une ressource génétique distincte par rapport aux populations de référence. L’ensemble de ces résultats met en évidence des pistes prometteuses pour l'amélioration génétique ciblée des performances de la sauge sclarée. / Sclareol is a diterpene produced by floral organs of clary sage (Salvia sclarea, Lamiaceae). It is used in perfume industry for the hemisynthesis of ambroxide, a high-valued perfume component characterized by an amber scent and a high perfume fixation capacity. The global demand for sclareol currently rises, prompting attempts at increasing the yield of sclareol production from clary sage. The purpose of the work presented in this manuscript was to improve knowledge on sclareol biosynthesis and its regulation in clary sage, in order to highlight strategies aiming at enhancing clary sage sclareol content. The analysis of the surface of clary sage calyces by mass spectrometry imaging suggests that sclareol is mainly secreted by specialized epidermal structures called glandular trichomes. Moreover, we have highlighted the respective contributions of the two terpenoid biosynthesis pathways present in plants, MVA and MEP pathways, to the biosynthesis of three terpenoids of clary sage. ¹³C-labeling experiments indicate that sclareol and linalyl acetate both originate from the MEP pathway, whereas β-caryophyllene seems to be of mixed origin. We have also investigated the potential role of a phytohormone, methyljasmonate, in the regulation of sclareol production in clary sage. Finally, we have explored the genetic and phenotypic diversity of Croatian wild clary sage populations and show that these populations represent a distinct genetic resource compared to reference populations. Taken together, these results highlight promising avenues for targeted genetic enhancement of clary sage performances.

The subject of the Master´s thesis is “Construction and technological solutions to the apartment building Zderadova“. The content is a solution of the whole project from a commercial, construction-technological and time costingness side. The purpose was a preparation of all works before starting an execution.

SAMMANFATTNING Syftet med denna studie har varit att beskriva hemtjänstpersonalens upplevelse av stödet i omvårdnadsarbetet från ett specialiserat palliativt team. I studien har kvalitativa semistrukturerade fokusgruppsintervjuer använts som metod. Antal folkgruppsintervjuer har varit två med sammanlagt tretton hemtjänstpersonal. En innehållsanalys av intervjuerna har därefter genomförts. Resultatet av data analyserna visade på tre huvudkategorier:  Organisation, information och stöd. Hemtjänstens personal upplevde att stödet de fick av det specialiserade palliativa teamet var vägledande för dem i omvårdnadsarbetet. Det som upplevdes som särskilt viktigt i stödet var att få kunskaper om patienterna och deras omvårdnadsbehov av sjuksköterskorna i det specialiserade teamet. Även frågor som tillgänglighet och information framkom som angelägna i stödet. Synpunkter av mindre positivt slag var hur samarbetet mellan hemtjänsten och det specialiserade palliativa teamets huvudmän, kommun och landsting, fungerade i vissa omvårdnadssituationer. I denna studie dras slutsatsen att stödet till hemtjänsten från det specialiserade palliativa teamet upplevdes förbättra hemtjänstens omvårdnadsarbete i mötet med de patienter som var inskrivna hos det specialiserade palliativa teamet. Tillgängligheten och den upplevda kunskapen hos sjuksköterskorna i det palliativa teamet som hemtjänsten hade kontakt med var ett gott stöd för hemtjänsten i deras omvårdnadsarbete. I vissa fall fanns behov av ytterligare handledning och utbildning från det palliativa teamet. / ABSTRACT   The aim of this study was to describehome care personals` experiences of support received from a specialist palliative care team. A qualitative research approach was used to carry out this study with, semi-structured focus group interviews A total of 13 home care personal participated in two focus group interviews. Data was analyzed using a content analysis approach. The findings in this study were divided up into three main categories: Organization, Information and Support. Home help personal expressed that the support they received from a specialized palliative team strengthened them in their caring role. It was deemed of great importance that the specialized palliative care team had extensive knowledge about the persons receiving care and their needs. Having access to such information was important for the interviewed home care personal. A challenge identified was the fact that home care services and specialized palliative team, (municipal and county) were run by two separate organisations. This created problems in certain care situations. This study concludes that availability and perceived expertise of the specialist palliative care team support supported and strengthened the home care personal in their caring role. A desire for further supervision and training from the specialist palliative team was expressed.