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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
541

Efeito neuroprotetor da hipotermia epidural após a lesão medular contusa em ratos / Neuroprotective effect of epidural hypothermia after spinal cord lesion in rats

Barbosa, Marcello Oliveira 08 April 2014 (has links)
Introdução: A lesão da medula espinhal é uma entidade clínica grave e extremamente incapacitante. Muitos esforços estão sendo realizados para melhorar a resposta neurológica ao trauma da medula espinhal. Dentre eles, destacamos o uso de agentes farmacológicos, a descompressão e estabilização cirúrgica precoces e a hipotermia. A hipotermia pode ser induzida de forma sistêmica ou local. Várias complicações, como arritmias cardíacas, coagulopatias e infecções, foram associadas ao uso sistêmico da hipotermia. Porém, sua aplicação local demanda a necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica de emergência e manejo pós-operatório complicado. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito neuroprotetor da hipotermia epidural em ratos. Material e método: Foram arrolados 30 ratos Wistar pesando entre 320-360 g e divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: o grupo da hipotermia epidural e o grupo controle, com 15 ratos cada. Uma contusão medular produzida por queda padronizada de peso de 10 g, a 25 mm de altura, usando o New York University (NYU) Impactor, foi realizada após a laminectomia em T9-10 em todos os ratos. Os ratos do grupo da hipotermia foram submetidos ao resfriamento a 9-10 °C por um período de 20 minutos, logo após a contusão medular. Os grupos foram analisados durante seis semanas quanto à função motora utilizando-se a escala BBB e o teste do plano inclinado. Ao final da sexta semana, foi realizado ainda o exame de potencial evocado motor dos ratos, cujos resultados foram comparados entre os dois grupos. Resultados: A avaliação da função motora através da aplicação da pontuação da escala BBB ao longo das seis semanas não evidenciou diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os dois grupos. Não encontramos diferenças estatísticas na avaliação motora através da pontuação do teste do plano inclinado ao longo das seis semanas do estudo. Os valores de latência e amplitude do potencial evocado motor não mostraram diferenças estatísticas significantes entre os grupos ao final da última semana do estudo. Conclusão: A hipotermia não apresentou efeito neuroprotetor quando aplicada no sítio da lesão, logo após a contusão medular, no espaço epidural de ratos Wistar / Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a critical and extremely disabling clinical condition. Considerable effort has been made to improve the neurological response to the spinal cord lesion. We must highlight pharmacological agents, early surgical decompression and stabilization and hypothermia. Therapeutic hypothermia can be achieved systemically or locally. Many complications have been associated to the systemic hypothermia, such as cardiac arrhythmias, coagulopathies and infection. However, local application demands surgical intervention and difficult post operative care. Objetive: To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of epidural hypothermia in rats. Methods: Wistar rats (n = 30; weighting 320-360 g) were randomized in two groups: the hypothermia and the control group, with 15 rats in each. A spinal cord lesion was produced by the standardized drop of a 10 g-weight from a height of 2,5 cm, using the New York University Impactor, after the laminectomy at the T9-10 level. Rats of the hypothermia group underwent epidural hypothermia for 20 minutes immediately after spinal cord injury. Motor function was assessed during six weeks using the BBB motor scores and inclined plane test. At the end of the last week, neurologic status was monitored by the motor evoked potential exam and the results were compared between the two groups. Results: Analysis of the BBB scores during the six-weeks period did not show any statistically significant difference between the two groups. We did not find any significant difference between the groups in the scores of the inclined plane test during the six-weeks period. Latency and amplitude values of the motor evoked potential exam did not show any statistically significant difference between the two groups at the end of the study. Conclusion: Hypothermia did not produce any neuroprotective effect when applied immediately after spinal cord contusion, at the injury level and in epidural space of Wistar rats
542

Efeitos da estimulação elétrica neuromuscular sobre o gasto energético de lesados medulares. / Effects of the Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) on the Cost Energy of Spinal Cord Injured Patients.

Sene, Marcela de Oliveira 27 February 2003 (has links)
Lesões na medula espinhal atingem um grande número de pessoas, devido a traumas, doenças congênitas ou adquiridas. Para estes tipos de lesões não há cura e os indivíduos lesados medulares dependem de tratamento através de fisioterapia ou órteses que auxiliem na recuperação de possíveis funções perdidas. A Estimulação Elétrica Neuromuscular (EENM) tem sido pesquisada com essa proposta: reabilitar pessoas portadoras de lesão medular ou disfunções do aparelho locomotor. Muitos estudos já foram desenvolvidos na área de estimulação elétrica neuromuscular, avaliando a marcha, o ato de levantar-se ou outros movimentos. Um ponto em comum entre estes estudos é a preocupação com os efeitos fisiológicos da EENM, como por exemplo o gasto energético. Diante disto, o objetivo deste projeto foi avaliar os efeitos da EENM sobre o gasto energético de lesados medulares. Foi observado o consumo de oxigênio durante o repouso, a marcha e a recuperação. A avaliação proposta foi realizada por método indireto e as análises estatísticas foram realizadas através do teste ANOVA ONE WAY. Os resultados sugerem os voluntários tiveram recuperação fisiológica. Entretanto novas pesquisas são necessárias, com outras variáveis sendo avaliadas. / Lesions in the spinal cord affect a great number of individuals, either due to traumas or to congenital or acquired diseases. Such lesions are incurable, and the injured patients depend on physiotherapy or orthosis to aid in the recovery of lost functions. The Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) has been researched with this purpose: rehabilitating spinal cord injured patients, or those with motor system dysfunction. Several studies have already been developed in the field of neuromuscular electrical stimulation, assessing gait, the act of getting up or other everyday movements. All these studies bear something in common: the concern with the physiologic effects of NMES, such as the energy consumption. Hence, the objective of this project was to evaluate the effects of NMES on the energy cost of spinal injured patients. The consumption of oxygen was assessed during rest, gait and the recovery period. The proposed evaluation was made through indirect method, and the statistical analyses through the ANOVA ONE WAY test. The results to suggest that the volunteers had phisyological recovery. However, news reserchs there are needs, with others variable to be estimated.
543

A Foucauldian phenomenological analysis of psychological challenges experienced following spinal cord injury

Ingham, Esther January 2018 (has links)
This study explores potential therapeutic needs of people who have recently incurred a Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) and consequently live with an acquired disability. There are currently more people living with SCI than ever, yet there is still apparently little awareness or understanding of the complexity of the many potential psychological challenges caused by the injury. Despite disability being an inevitable part of existence, it is not consistently theoretically conceptualized other than to involve issues of power and vulnerability, and therapeutic literature relating to physical disability is scant. An inductive approach to the study was taken in order to focus on personal experiences of SCI, and more than one epistemological framework is mobilized in order to more comprehensively understand issues relating to disability and SCI. Using the (apparently conflicting) works of Foucault and Merleau-Ponty to inform a discourse analysis, both the cultural and historical social constructions, and the phenomenologically embodied aspects of disability are balanced to create a more holistic understanding of the experiences of acquired disability as a result of SCI. Seven participants were recruited for the study from an NHS specialist Spinal Injury Unit. Semi-structured interviews were conducted twice - once whilst participants were in-patients of the Unit, and once soon after they had been discharged. The main body of analysis is divided into three thematic sections: the Ecological - focusing on the roles of power relationships, institutions and culture through language and behavior, The Phenomenological - identifying the body as the primary site of 'knowing-in-the-world' and the implications to the sense of self of altered bodily experiences as a result of a new physicality, and The Existential - exploring how SCI can force a reconsideration of the possible significance or purpose(meaning) to be found in living. Trauma is acknowledged but not addressed as a primary focus, while the temporal element to the experience of SCI is identified. Focusing on the recently injured person's perspective at two significant points post-injury, this study aims to challenge the static concept of disability, and reconceptualise it as something experienced as fluid and context-dependent. The importance and affect of reflexivity in the study is also explored, as well as issues/implications of researcher positioning. The inter-relatedness of identified dominant themes is discussed in an attempt to illustrate the complex fluid interactions between SCI/acquired disability and individual life contexts. Identified themes are developed using critical disability theory, feminist literature, disability studies and Buddhist thought in order to advance understanding and conceptualisation of disability and the psychological experience of SCI. Education and reflexive awareness particularly regarding the machinations of widespread and embedded power relations relating to disability, as well as their consequences, are indicated as ethically necessary requirements (as an issue of social justice) for counselling psychologists to be able to practice appropriately, Ultimately, it is hoped that by investigating accounts of what affected individuals feel the dominant psychological challenges and difficulties are within their first year of injury, it may be possible for therapeutic services to become more effectively tailored to their specific needs.
544

Cholinergic modulation of spinal motoneurons and locomotor control networks in mice

Nascimento, Filipe January 2018 (has links)
Locomotion is an innate behaviour that is controlled by different areas of the central nervous system, which allow for effectiveness of movement. The spinal cord is an important centre involved in the generation and maintenance of rhythmic patterns of locomotor activity such as walking and running. Interneurons throughout the ventral horn of the spinal cord form the locomotor central pattern generator (CPG) circuit, which produces rhythmic activity responsible for hindlimb movement. Motoneurons within the lumbar region of the spinal cord innervate the leg muscles to convey rhythmic CPG output to drive appropriate muscle contractions. Intrinsic modulators, such as acetylcholine acting via M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors, regulate CPG circuitry to allow for flexibility of motor output. Using electrophysiology and genetic techniques, this work characterized the receptors involved in cholinergic modulation of locomotor networks and the role and mechanism of action of a subpopulation of genetically identified cholinergic interneurons in the lumbar region of the neonatal mouse spinal cord. Firstly, the effects of M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors on the output of the lumbar locomotor network were characterised. Experiments in which fictive locomotor output was recorded from the ventral roots of isolated spinal cord preparations revealed that M3 muscarinic receptors are important in stabilizing the locomotor rhythm while M2 muscarinic receptor activation seems to increase the irregularity of the locomotor frequency whilst increasing the strength of the motor output. This work then explored the cellular mechanisms through which M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors modulate motoneuron output. M2 and M3 receptor activation exhibited contrasting effects on motoneuron function suggesting that there is a fine balance between the activation of these two receptor subtypes. M2 receptor activation induces an outward current and decreases synaptic drive to motoneurons while M3 receptors are responsible for an inward current and increase in synaptic inputs to motoneurons. Despite the different effects of M2 and M3 receptor activation on synaptic drive and subthreshold properties of MNs, both M2 and M3 receptors are required for muscarine-induced increase in motoneuron output. CPG networks therefore appear to be subject to balanced cholinergic modulation mediated by M2 and M3 receptors, with the M2 subtype also being important for regulating the intensity of motor output. Next, using Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drug (DREADD) technology, the impact of the activation or inhibition of a genetically identified group of cholinergic spinal interneurons that express the Paired-like homeodomain 2 (Pitx2) transcription factor was explored. Stimulation of these interneurons increased motoneuron output through the activation of M2 muscarinic receptors and subsequent modulation of Kv2.1 channels. Inhibition of Pitx2+ interneurons during fictive locomotion decreased the amplitude of locomotor bursting. Genetic ablation of these cells confirmed that Pitx2+ interneurons increase the strength of locomotor output by activating M2 muscarinic receptors. Overall, this work provides new insights into the receptors and mechanisms involved in intraspinal cholinergic modulation. Furthermore, this study provides direct evidence of the mechanism through which Pitx2+ interneurons regulate motor output. This work is not only important for advancing understanding of locomotor networks that control hindlimb locomotion, but also for dysfunction and diseases where the cholinergic system is impaired such as Spinal Cord Injury and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
545

Comparação entre três tratamentos de fisioterapia em indivíduos com lombalgia

Almeida, Rogério Moreira de [UNESP] 30 August 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:00:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_rm_dr_rcla.pdf: 2861939 bytes, checksum: 2d57887f84f01a1319d167e7949f93aa (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A dor lombar é uma das alterações musculoesqueléticas mais comuns e recorrentes com alto impacto econômico-social, afetando indivíduos de todas as idades principalmente durante os anos mais produtivos da vida ativa. A Escola de Postura é um dos programas de prevenção e tratamento para os problemas da coluna lombar. É um método terapêutico-pedagógico de treinamento postural com informações teóricas, prática de exercícios terapêuticos e treino de relaxamento objetivando as mudanças dos hábitos posturais e o controle da dor lombar, através da auto-educação. Outro programa, o Mantenha-se Ativo, baseado no método inglês de tratamento das algias da coluna vertebral, adota um procedimento diferente com ênfase na atividade física e onde a dor não é um fator limitante- incapacitante. Tradicionalmente, a fisioterapia realiza tratamento da lombalgia utilizando-se do calor, massagem, ultra-som e cinesioterapia. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar e comparar a eficácia da Escola de Postura no tratamento preventivo e terapêutico dos problemas posturais em comparação ao método inglês Mantenha-se Ativo e o tratamento de Fisioterapia individualizado (convencional) em pacientes com algias da coluna vertebral. Foram analisados os dados sobre dor, incapacidade funcional e qualidade de vida. Critérios de inclusão: presença da dor lombar > de 2 meses, ambos os sexos, idade de 18 a 86 anos. Critérios de exclusão: pacientes com cirurgia de coluna realizada nos últimos seis meses ou planejada para os próximos seis meses, incapacidade de realizar exercícios físicos e impossibilidade de responder a questionários devido a falta de instrução. Instrumentos adotados: Roland-Morris Questionário (RMQ) para avaliar incapacidade funcional, o Ferrans e Powers Quality of Life Index (QLI) sobre qualidade de vida e McGill Pain Questionnaire- Short-Form para a avaliação... / Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal condition with high socio-economic impact, affecting individuals of all ages especially during their most productive years. Back School is a program that aim the prevention and treatment for lumbar spine problems. It is a therapeutic-pedagogical training with postural information that includes a practice of therapeutic exercise and relaxation aiming to change habits of posture and control of back pain through self-education. Another program, the Back to Fitness, based on the English method of treatment of LBP, adopts a different approach with emphasis on physical activity and where the pain is not a limiting factor of incapacity. Traditionally, the physiotherapist performs treatment of low back pain using heat, massage, ultrasound and kinesiotherapy. This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the Back School as a preventive treatment of postural problems and therapeutic method in comparison to Back to Fitness and an individualized physical therapy treatment (control group) in patients with LBP. Outcome measures includes assessments of pain, functional disability and quality of life. Inclusion criteria: presence of LBP for > 2 months, both sexes, aged 18 to 86 years. Exclusion criteria: patients with no previous or proposed spinal surgery in the last six months or planned within the next six months, inability or unwillingness to perform physical exercise and inability to answer the questionnaires due to lack of education. Instruments used: Roland-Morris Questionnaire (RMDQ) to assess functional disability, the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index (QLI) to measure quality of life and the McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short-Form (MPQ) for the assessment of pain. All translated into Portuguese and validated for a Brazilian population. 252 patients with chronic LBP were treated and the results have been satisfactory... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
546

Identificação das práticas de auto-cuidado referentes ao funcionamento intestinal em pacientes com trauma raquimedular / Identification of self care practices related to bowel functioning in patients with spinal cord injury

Marcia Lucia de Souza Furlan 12 December 2001 (has links)
O trauma raquimedular (TRM) é uma agressão na medula espinhal e pode acarretar severas alterações físicas e psíquicas ao paciente, refletindo na família e sociedade. Com a inexistência de terapêutica que reverta o quadro de TRM, é necessário investimento na reabilitação para melhorar a qualidade de vida destes pacientes. Através de um estudo exploratório-descritivo, com metodologia quantitativa foi investigada as práticas de autocuidado intestinais e complicações em 27 indivíduos com TRM. Todos os participantes eram do sexo masculino e predominância da faixa etária de 18 a 30 anos, solteiros, com até 1º grau incompleto, com renda familiar entre 2 e 5 salários mínimos, tendo o ferimento por arma de fogo como principal etiologia da lesão. As práticas de autocuidado intestinal mais utilizadas foram a massagem abdominal (32%), seguida da dieta rica em fibras (24%), uso de laxante (15%), toque dígito anal (15%), extração manual das fezes (7%) e outros (7%). Quanto às complicações intestinais, houve predomínio de constipação/impactação (50%), seguido de incontinência fecal (23%), sangramento anal (21%) e outras (6%). Em relação às internações hospitalares, consideradas oportunidades para o enfermeiro orientar sobre as alterações decorrentes do TRM, 59,3% dos pacientes apresentaram mais de uma internação, porém a transmissão de informação sobre alterações intestinais ocorreu em somente 22% dos casos. Diante do número reduzido de centros especializados em reabilitação, julgamos de grande importância a presença de enfermeiros com formação específica em reabilitação para atuarem na assistência, na educação dos pacientes e no ensino nas instituições formadoras de profissionais. / Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an aggression to the spinal cord and can bring physical and psychological alterations to patients lives, reflecting upon family and society. So far, there is no therapeutic to revert the injury of the spinal cord; thus, it is necessary to invest on rehabilitation to improve the patient´s quality of life. Practices of self care for bowel functioning and complications were studied in 27 individuals with SCI, through a descriptive-exploratory study with a quantitative methodology. All participants were men, mostly between 18 and 30 years of age, single, with low education level, family income between 1 to 5 minimal wages; and wounded by gun shots. Practices of self care mostly used were abdominal massage (32%), high fiber diet (24%), use of laxatives (15%), anal digital stimulation (15%), stool manual removal (7%) and others (7%). Related to complications, constipation/impactation was the most frequent (50%), followed by fecal incontinence (23%), bleeding (21%) and others (6%). Hospitalization is considered an opportunity for nurses to teach patients about SCI alterations and 59,3% of patients had more then one episode of hospitalization. However, only in 22% of the cases they received any information about alterations in bowel functioning. With so few rehabilitation centers in our region it is important to have nurses at terciary and general hospitals, educated in rehabilitation to deliver adequate nursing care and patient teaching. It is also necessary, in nursing educational institutions, to prepare profissionals with focus in rehabilitation.
547

Reabilitação de pessoas com lesão medular traumática: estudo do intestino neurogênico e sua relação com a qualidade de vida, satisfação e estilo de vida / Rehabilitation of people with spinal cord injury: a study of the neurogenic intestine and relation with quality of life, satisfaction and lifestyle

Josana Cristina Faleiros e Silva 13 December 2017 (has links)
Estudo quantitativo, exploratório, descritivo e transversal, com objetivo de avaliar o manejo do intestino neurogênico e sua relação com a qualidade de vida (QV), satisfação e estilo de vida em pessoas com lesão medular traumática (LMT). Seguidos os preceitos éticos, a amostra foi composta por 81 adultos com LMT, de dois centros de reabilitação dos estados de São Paulo e Santa Catarina. Os dados foram coletados a partir de cinco instrumentos previamente validados (questionários sociodemográfico e de caracterização da LMT, Índice de Tratamento do Intestino e da Bexiga (BBTI) e dois data sets de função intestinal e QV desenvolvidos pela International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS)). Foram realizadas análises descritivas e correlacionais. A maioria dos participantes era do sexo masculino, jovens, com idade média de 36 anos no momento da lesão, baixa escolaridade, beneficiários da previdência social, com baixa renda familiar (até três salários mínimos) e com a LMT no nível torácico. As principais causas da LMT foram acidentes de trânsito e queda, o tempo médio da LMT era de 4,7 anos. Os participantes utilizavam principalmente medidas conservadoras (massagem abdominal, manobra de Valsalva e estímulo dígito-anal) como método para esvaziamento intestinal. Cerca de 90% necessitava de até 30 minutos para o manejo intestinal, e tinha frequência de defecação acima de duas vezes por semana. Aproximadamente metade dos participantes relatou incontinência fecal. A independência para o cuidado intestinal não foi associada ao nível da LMT, no entanto esteve associada à satisfação com a rotina de cuidados intestinais e ao tempo da LMT, assim quanto maior o tempo de lesão, maior foi a independência para o manejo intestinal. Aproximadamente 40% e 35% referiram alterar suas rotinas diárias devido à incontinência fecal e constipação, respectivamente. O impacto na QV devido aos problemas intestinais foi relatado por 77,8% da amostra. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre QV geral, com a saúde psicológica e com a saúde física (p>0,05). A QV geral esteve associada ao tempo de LMT, e foi menor entre as pessoas que tiveram que alterar suas rotinas devido a perdas fecais e entre aquelas que precisavam utilizar fraldas. As pessoas satisfeitas com suas rotinas de cuidado intestinal apresentaram maior QV geral e maior satisfação com a saúde psicológica. Ainda há que se progredir na reabilitação intestinal das pessoas com LMT, desenvolvendo estratégias de capacitação para o manejo intestinal, com a finalidade de reduzir os fatores que impedem ou dificultam a pessoa com LMT a retornar para suas atividades sociais e laborais, acarretando prejuízos na vida pessoal e para a economia do país já que a maioria dessas pessoas era economicamente ativa e agora dependem da previdência social e dos serviços de saúde com mais frequência. Os achados deste estudo podem subsidiar a prática clínica nos serviços de reabilitação, considerando que um programa de reabilitação precocemente iniciado e individualmente planejado pode auxiliar a pessoa com LMT a ter um funcionamento intestinal adequado e consequentemente uma melhor QV, satisfação e estilo de vida / Quantitative, exploratory, descriptive and transversal study, with the aim to assess the management of the neurogenic intestine and its relationship with the quality of life (QOL), satisfaction and lifestyle on people with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). In accordance with the ethical requirements, the sample was composed by 81 adults with TSCI, from two rehabilitation centers from the states of Sao Paulo and Santa Catarina. The data was collected from five previously validated instruments (socio-demographic questionnaires and of characterization of TSCI, Index of Bladder and Intestine Treatment (BBTI) and two data sets of intestinal function and QOL developed by the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS)). Descriptive and correlational analyses were carried out. Most of the participants were male, young, with an average age of 36 years at the time of the injury, low schooling, and social security beneficiaries with low family income (up to three minimum wages) and with the TSCI at thoracic level. The main causes of the TSCI were traffic accidents and falls, the average time TSCI was of 4.7 years. Participants used mainly conservative measures (abdominal massage, Valsalva maneuver and digital anal stimulus) as a method for bowel emptying. Around 90% needed up to 30 minutes for the intestinal management, and had defecation frequency above twice a week. Approximately half of the participants reported fecal incontinence. Intestinal care independence was not associated with the level of the TSCI, however it was associated with satisfaction with bowel care routine and to the time of TSCI, so the longer the time of injury, the greater the independence for the bowel management was. Approximately 40% and 35% reported altering their daily routines due to fecal incontinence and constipation, respectively. The impact on the QV due to intestinal problems was reported by 77, 8% of the sample. There was no significant statistical difference between general QOL with psychological health and physical health (p>0,05). General QOL was associated with the time of TSCI and was lower among the people who had to alter their routines due to fecal losses and among those who needed to use diapers. The people satisfied with their routines of intestinal care presented higher general QOL and higher satisfaction with their psychological health. There is still progress to be made in the intestinal rehabilitation of people with TSCI, developing training strategies for the intestinal management, with the purpose to reduce the factors that prevent people with TSCI to return to their social and labor activities, causing losses in personal life and for the country\'s economy since most of these people were economically active and now depend on social welfare and health services more frequently. The findings of thid study can provide clinical practice in rehabilitation services, considering that a rehabilitation program prematurely launched and individually planned can assist the person with TSCI to have proper bowel function and consequently a better QOL, satisfaction and lifestyle
548

Cuidado de enfermagem à pessoa com paraplegia fundamentado no modelo Roper-Logan-Tierney / Nursing care to person with paraplegia based on Roper-Logan-Tierney model

Karenine Maria Holanda Cavalcante 04 December 2007 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O Traumatismo Raquimedular (TRM) à uma das principais causas de seqÃelas graves em paciente politraumatizado. ApÃs qualquer tipo de lesÃo raquimedular, a pessoa precisa enfrentar um processo de reabilitaÃÃo detalhado para que possa readquirir a capacidade de realizar suas atividades de vida, e viver de maneira independente. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a eficÃcia do cuidado de enfermagem fundamentado no Modelo de Enfermagem Roper-Logan-Tierney prestado a pessoas com lesÃo medular, bem como, conhecer a contribuiÃÃo da utilizaÃÃo de um modelo teÃrico para o cuidado direcionado a pessoas com lesÃo medular no domicÃlio. Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa do tipo pesquisa de campo convergente-assistencial. Participaram do estudo trÃs pessoas (duas mulheres e um homem) com lesÃo raquimedular do tipo paraplegia, que estÃo incluÃdos no cadastro feito com os participantes das pesquisas realizadas pelo NÃcleo de Pesquisa e ExtensÃo em Enfermagem NeurolÃgica. O processo de investigar-cuidar se deu por meio de 10 visitas domiciliares (por sujeito), sendo os encontros fundamentados no Modelo de Enfermagem Roper-Logan-Tierney, utilizando o instrumento proposto pelas autoras, por meio do qual se abordou e identificou o desempenho das atividades de vida, destacando os problemas reais e potenciais, para ser traÃado o plano de cuidados e serem realizadas as intervenÃÃes necessÃrias, mantendo a constante avaliaÃÃo das respostas dos sujeitos. Para a obtenÃÃo das informaÃÃes foram utilizadas a observaÃÃo participante, a entrevista informal e a entrevista estruturada. No desenvolvimento dos processos assistenciais foram utilizados diagnÃsticos de enfermagem, NANDA, resultados de enfermagem, NOC, e intervenÃÃes de enfermagem, NIC. ApÃs detalhada sÃntese dos dados, foi dado significado a alguns achados provenientes do desempenho das atividades de vida pelos portadores de paraplegia, buscando contextualizÃ-los para uma ampliaÃÃo para a prÃtica assistencial dirigida a essa clientela. Com a anÃlise do comportamento dos trÃs sujeitos, o estudo mostra que a maior barreira para a efetividade do cuidado proposto à a dificuldade para mudanÃa de hÃbitos; entretanto, com a persistÃncia e a utilizaÃÃo de esclarecimentos e informaÃÃes necessÃrias obtÃm-se importantes resultados. Assim, ressalta-se a necessidade da promoÃÃo da auto-responsabilizaÃÃo da saÃde, para fortalecer a busca por mudanÃas de condutas. A utilizaÃÃo do modelo teÃrico Roper-Logan-Tierney no cuidado domiciliar, direcionado a esses portadores de paraplegia, contribuiu intensamente para a aquisiÃÃo do conhecimento sobre comportamentos e crenÃas em relaÃÃo a cada atividade de vida para que, diante disso, fosse feito o planejamento e implementado o cuidado. Com isso, o processo assistencial deixa de ser generalizado e passa a ser individualizado, trazendo melhores resultados. Foi possÃvel constatar a eficÃcia deste processo de investigar-cuidar, uma vez que foi notÃrio o benefÃcio resultante, por meio da conquista de maior independÃncia e capacidade de solucionar problemas pelos participantes do estudo e seus familiares. AlÃm disso, a utilizaÃÃo de um modelo teÃrico para o cuidado direcionado a pessoas com lesÃo medular no domicÃlio trouxe importantes contribuiÃÃes: proporcionou a sistematizaÃÃo da assistÃncia, facilitando a abordagem ao paraplÃgico e seu cotidiano e a eficÃcia do processo de cuidar proposto pela pesquisa; e promoveu uma fundamentaÃÃo teÃrica consistente para o desenvolvimento do cuidado. / The Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is one of the main causes of serious sequels in trauma patient. After any type of spinal cord injury, the person will need to face a detailed process of rehabilitation, to reacquire the capacity to do its activities of life, and to live in independent way. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the nursing care based on the Model of Nursing Roper-Logan-Tierney to people with spinal cord injury, as well as, knowing the contribution of the use of a theoretical model for the care directed to people with SCI in their home. It is a convergent-assistencial research. The participants of the study had been three people, two women and a man, with paraplegia, which are enclosed in a cadastre of participants of researches made by NUPEN. The process of investigating and taking care happened by means of 10 domiciliary visits (for each participant). The meetings were based on the Model of Nursing Roper-Logan-Tierney, using the instrument considered by the authors, in which it was approached and identified the performance of the activities of life, detaching the real and potential problems to be drawn the plan of cares up and to be done the necessary interventions, keeping the constant evaluation. The participant observation, the informal interview and the structuralized interview had been used for getting the information. In the development of the care process, it had been used nursing diagnosis, NANDA, nursing outcomes, NOC, and nursing interventions, NIC. After sum up in detail the data, I tried to give meaning to some information about the performance of the activities of life, trying to contextualize them for expanding for the care directed to people with spinal cord injury. When I was analyzing the behavior of the three participant of the study, I understood that the biggest barrier for the effectiveness of the considered care is the difficulty for change habits; however, with the persistence and the use of clarifications and necessary information important results are gotten. Therefore, I point out the importance of the promotion of the self-responsibility for health, to fortify the search for changes in behaviors. The use of the theoretical model Roper-Logan-Tierney in the domiciliary care directed to these clients contributed intensely for the acquisition of the knowledge about behaviors and beliefs related to each activity of life and up against this, planning and implementing the care. So, the care process leaves of being generalized and becomes individualized, causing better results. It was possible to detect the effectiveness of this process of investigating and taking care, once it was well-known the resultant benefit, by means of the conquest of more independence and more ability to solve problems for the participants of the study and its family. Moreover, the use of a theoretical model for the care directed to people with spinal cord injury in home brought important contributions: it provided the systematization for the assistance, facilitating the approach to the person with paraplegia and its daily and effectiveness of the process of taking care considered for the research; and promoted a consistent theoretical basis for the development of the care.
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CondiÃÃes de funcionalidade de pessoas com lesÃo medular fundamentadas no Ãndice de barthel: proposta de intervenÃÃo de enfermagem / Conditions of functionality of persons with spinal cord injury based on the barthel index: motion for intervention of nursing

Roberta de AraÃjo e Silva 24 February 2011 (has links)
Este estudo busca avaliar as condiÃÃes de funcionalidade para o desenvolvimento das Atividades da Vida DiÃria das pessoas com lesÃo medular, com base no Ãndice de Barthel. Para a consecuÃÃo dos objetivos, optei por realizar um estudo transversal-quantitativo realizado no Ãmbito hospitalar e domiciliar. A amostra foi constituÃda por 74 pessoas com lesÃo medular traumÃtica, sendo 47 hospitalizadas e 27 domiciliares, as quais foram atendidas ou acompanhadas em um hospital pÃblico municipal, referÃncia em emergÃncia e trauma em Fortaleza-CearÃ-Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu durante os meses de marÃo a junho de 2010, mediante a utilizaÃÃo de um formulÃrio estruturado composto por variÃveis independentes referentes aos dados sociodemogrÃficos e clÃnicos sobre a lesÃo medular e por variÃveis dependentes que corresponde à escala do Ãndice de Barthel, a qual avalia dez atividades da vida diÃria. Os aspectos Ãticos relativos à pesquisa em seres humanos foram respeitados durante todo o processo. Para anÃlise estatÃstica dos dados foi utilizado o programa Predictive Analytics SoftWare (PASW) versÃo 18.0. atravÃs do Mann â Whitney Test e Kruskal â Wallis Test para comparar as diferentes pontuaÃÃes do Ãndice de Barthel entre as caracterÃsticas envolvidas. Os achados foram discutidos com base na literatura pertinente, sendo evidenciado que as pessoas mais acometidas pela lesÃo medular foram, na maioria, homens jovens, com idade entre 18 e 40 anos, com baixa escolaridade, sem ocupaÃÃo e residentes em Fortaleza. A lesÃo mais evidente foi a paraplegia completa, com tempo de lesÃo atà seis meses, decorrentes de perfuraÃÃo por arma de fogo, aspectos estes comums aos grupo hospitalar e domiciliar. Quanto a funcionalidade para o desenvolvimento das AVDs, apÃs a aplicaÃÃo do Ãndice de Barthel, de uma forma geral, manifestou-se de forma distinta em relaÃÃo aos grupos. Os hospitalizados demonstraram maior dependÃncia, enquanto, que os domiciliares demosnstraram maior independÃncia. Ao analizar cada categoria ficou evidente que as atividades: higiene pessoal, intestinos, deslocaÃÃo, mobilidade, uso de toilet, vestir e banho, apresentaram resultados divergentes, os hospitalizados mostraram maior dependÃncia, em quanto que os domiciliares, uma maior independÃncia. Apenas nas atividades alimentaÃÃo, bexiga e escada, à que foi obitido resultados convergentes, tanto para os hospitalizados quanto para os domiciliares, os quais demonstraram independÃncia para alimentar-se, incontinÃncia urinÃria e incapacidade para subir/descer escadas sem ajuda. ApÃs levantados destes achados foi proposto um modelo de intervenÃÃo fundamentado no processo de enfermagem, o qual compreendeu 23 diagnÃsticos de enfermagem da North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), 32 intervenÃÃes de enfermagem da Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) e 23 resultados de enfermagem da Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). Para concluir, cabe ressaltar que o Ãndice de Barthel mostrou ser uma escala de fÃcil aplicaÃÃo, eficaz na obtenÃÃo dos resultados e com sensibilidade em detectar Ãs alteraÃÃes clÃnicas dos pacientes. Por fim, este estudo, alÃm de atingir os objetivos propostos, contribuiu para o crescimento e autonomia do conhecimento e da prÃtica de enfermagem neurolÃgica brasileira, em especial à cearense, ao propor um modelo de intervenÃÃo de enfermagem com vista à promoÃÃo da saÃde e melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas com lesÃo medular. / This research seeks to evaluate functionality conditions for the development of Activities of Daily Living with people suffer of spinal cord injuries based on Barthel Index. For this purpose I opted to do a qualitative research in home and hospital environments. The sample was made up of 74 people with traumatic spinal cord injuries â 47 were in hospital and 27 at home â who were nursed in public municipal hospitals which were a reference in trauma and emergency in the city of Fortaleza-CearÃ-Brazil. The collecting of the data occurred from March through June of 2010 using a form made up of independent variables referring to clinical and sociodemographic and dependent variables data which corresponds to the Barthel index scale that evaluates ten activities of daily living. The ethical aspects related to the research carried out in human beings were respected during the whole process. For statistical data analysis, we used the program âPredictive Analytics Softwareâ (PASW), version 18.0. The findings were discussed based on the pertinent literature, becoming evidenced that the people who were most affected by spinal cord injury were mostly young men, between 18 and 40 years old, with low school attendance and without occupation and Fortaleza residents. The most evident was complete paraplegia with a six-month span due to gunfire perforation which are common aspects to the hospital and home groups. As for the functionality for AVDs development, after the Barthel index application, in a general way, manifested distinctively in relation to the groups. Those who were hospitalized demonstrated greater dependence whilst those at home demonstrated greater independence. By analyzing each category it got clear that the activities: personal hygiene, intestines, transferring, mobility, toilet using, dressing and bathing, presented diverging outcomes. Those who were hospitalized showed greater dependence whilst those who were at home displayed greater independence. Only in eating activities the results were converging both to the hospitalized and home patients. The latter ones demonstrated independence to feed, urinary incontinence and were incapable of going up / going down the stairs without help. After these findings, we proposed an intervention model grounded on the nursing process which was made up of 23 nursing diagnoses from the âNorth American Nursing Diagnosis Associationâ (NANDA), 32 nursing interventions from the âNursing Interventions Classificationâ (NIC) and 23 nursing outcomes from the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). To sum up, it is appropriate to state that the Barthel Index came to be an easy application scale, efficient in obtaining the outcomes and sensitive in detecting the patientâs clinical alterations. And last, but not least, this research, besides of achieving the proposed goals, contributed to the enhancing of knowledge and its autonomy and the Brazilian neurological nursing practice, especially that from CearÃ, by proposing a nursing intervention model aiming to promote health and life quality betterment of the people who suffer of spinal cord injury.
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Estudo da qualidade de vida em pessoas com lesão medular

Corrêa, Lionela da Silva 31 October 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:14:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lionela Correa.pdf: 1636607 bytes, checksum: 83e46a87bd7d311464876eb93bb8b37d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-31 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / Quality of life theme is gaining interest in health in last decades. Because has proved a powerful tool for investigating and assessing patients, therapeutic interventions, and services in health. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life of people with traumatic spinal cord injury based on the perception of the injured spinal cord. The subjects were individuals with SCI living in the Manaus city, which were affected by the injury in the period 2000 to 2010 and received at the Getulio Vargas University Hospital - HUGV. The instrument used to measure quality of life was the subject of the Portuguese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life - Bref. A questionnaire was also applied to characterize socio-demographic subjects as well as knowing the causes of trauma and time of injury. It was examined the level of functional independence of the subjects through the Functional Independence Measure - FIM. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and correlate the variables, age, gender, functional independence, socioeconomic status, time of injury, the sequel to the quality of life of individuals we used the Spearman correlation coefficient. The results showed a level of quality of life mean, and between the domains of quality of life those who had lower satisfaction among its facets were areas: social and environmental. In general the domain with the lowest score was the environmental field. When I checked whether there was correlation between the presenters that the only correlation was the age, the younger the better the assessment of quality of life perhaps better social integration on the part of the newest. We conclude that the factors that lead to an assessment of quality of life to a negative level are external factors, in other words, something that is not inherent in disability or deficit but inherent to environmental conditions. Keywords: quality of life, spinal cord injury, personal satisfaction. / O tema qualidade de vida vem ganhando interesse na área da saúde nas últimas décadas. Por se mostrar um ótimo indicador de satisfação em vários aspectos da vida para investigar e avaliar pacientes, intervenções terapêuticas, e serviços na área da saúde. Esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade de vida de pessoas com lesão medular traumática com base na percepção do lesado medular. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram indivíduos com lesão medular traumática, residentes na cidade de Manaus, que foram acometidos pela lesão no período de 2000 a 2010 e que deram entrada no Hospital Universitário Getúlio Vargas - HUGV. O instrumento utilizado para mensurar a qualidade de vida dos sujeitos foi a versão em português do World Health Organization Quality of Life Bref. Também foi aplicado um questionário sócio demográfico para caracterizar os sujeitos bem como conhecer as causas do trauma e tempo de lesão. E foi averiguado o nível de independência funcional dos sujeitos através do questionário de medida de independência funcional MIF. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da estatística descritiva e para correlacionar as variáveis, idade, gênero, independência funcional, condição socioeconômica, tempo de lesão, sequela com a qualidade de vida dos sujeitos foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Os resultados apontaram para um nível de qualidade de vida médio, e entre os domínios de qualidade de vida os que apresentaram menor satisfação entre suas facetas foram os domínios: social e ambiental. De um modo geral o domínio que apresentou menor escore foi o domínio ambiental. Ao verificarmos se existia correlação entre as variáveis a única que apresentou correlação foi a idade, quanto menor a idade melhor a avaliação de qualidade de vida talvez por uma melhor inserção social por parte dos mais novos. Concluímos que os fatores que levam a uma avaliação de qualidade de vida para um nível negativo são fatores externos, ou seja, algo que não é inerente a deficiência ou déficit, mas inerente às condições ambientais

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