Environmental issues are important challenges for today’s society. Lots of the energy used by humans comes from fossil energy sources resulting in the environmental threats. A considerable amount of this energy is used in the building sector. Industrial buildings and sports facilities are large users of energy and thus becomes very interesting in an optimization point of view. Modelling of the systems allows for cheap and effective optimizing of the energy usage and effectivity measures can be investigated and implemented. This study creates a model of the indoor ice rink arena of ABB arena syd in Västerås using TRNSYS as the main software for simulation. Focus is placed on the heating of the arena through heat pumps and district heating, and cooling of the ice in the arena using cooling machines. The effect of PV as well as a battery storage in the arena is also investigated as an effectiveness scenario. The results from the study revealed that it is possible to simulate the heating demand for the arena, accurately identifying the normal demand as well as the instances when the demand peaks and the magnitude of the peaks. It is also possible to simulate the cooling demand for the ice over extended time periods. However, this study could not identify the peaks for cooling demand. It is also beneficial for the system to install PV, but not a battery storage. With current price levels for electricity it is however not a very beneficial deal. With higher electricity prices the investment is preferable. The study also concludes that TRNSYS can be used for modelling an ice rink sports arena, however it leaves room for improvement on that aspect.

The graduation theses is concerned with creating of a marketing strategy for a new establishing sports facility in the district of Karlovy Vary. Thanks to the analysis of demand and supply, it is possible to find a niche of the supply market and a new sports facility that people miss can be found out. The new sports facility should improve and extend the services which are offered to potential customers, satisfy the needs of the inhabitants of this district and attract new tourist to go to the Karlovy Vary region. The theses target is finding such a useful sports facility and creating of a marketing strategy for this facility.

The aim of this final thesis is to analyze the potential of construction of a multi-purpose sports facility focused on extreme sports named Freestyle Kolbenka. The work is divided into two main parts, theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part defines basic concepts such as business and enterprise. Further it focuses on a business plan, its components and the specifics of the sports business environment. The practical part contains a description of this business opportunity and the analysis of the factors affecting its future development, including the financial plan. The outcome of this paper is the evaluation of researched variables and future prospects of the project.

Projektet har kretsat kring att väva samman en mellan- och högstadieskola (åk. 4-9) med en mer publik offentlig verksamhet av idrotts och specialsalar för kreativa och laborativa ämnen. Utmaningen har varit att skapa en miljö med förutsättningar för studiero och en trygg hemvist för eleverna som vistas där dagligen och samtidigt integrera skolverksamheten i ett större offentligt sammanhang. / The project is centered around combining an elementary school (year 4-9) with a public program of sports facilities and specialised workshops for creative and laborative subjects. The challenge of the project has been to create an environment that allows for a focused and safe space for the students in their every day work place, while at the same time integrating the school in a larger and more public context.

Η έρευνα που ακολουθεί έχει ως σκοπό να διερευνήσει την σαφήνεια των αρμοδιοτήτων, το εύρος της συνεργασίας και του συντονισμού των εμπλεκόμενων φορέων στην ασφάλεια αθλητικών ποδοσφαιρικών εκδηλώσεων στην Ελλάδα. Επιπρόσθετα, επιδιώκει να προσδιορίσει κατά πόσο τα θεσμοθετημένα μέτρα ασφάλειας που ισχύουν και εφαρμόζονται στα πρωταθλήματα ποδοσφαίρου με επαγγελματικά αθλητικά σωματεία είναι επαρκή. Επίσης, επιχειρεί να αξιολογήσει τις παραμέτρους εκείνες που λαμβάνονται υπόψη στον επιχειρησιακό σχεδιασμό ενός αθλητικού γεγονότος, τα υπάρχοντα επιχειρησιακά σχέδια που προβλέπονται σε μια αθλητική εκδήλωση σύμφωνα με Ενιαίο Κανονισμό Ασφαλείας, αλλά και να διαπιστώσει την λειτουργικότητα των αθλητικών εγκαταστάσεων. / The survey below is designed to explore the clarity of responsibilities, the scope of cooperation and coordination between stakeholders in the sports concerning safety of football events in Greece. Additionally seeks to determine whether the statutory security measures in force and applied in leagues with professional clubs is sufficient. It also attempts to evaluate the parameters taken into account in the operational planning of a sporting event, the existing operational plans under a sporting event in accordance with Uniform Rules Security, but also to determine the functionality of sports facilities.

abstract: The boom in publicly-funded sports facility construction since the 1980s resulted in studies that generally found the economic benefits accruing from facility construction do not justify the costs. However, focusing narrowly on economic costs in large cities leaves out an important part of the story. The author is interested in the possible non-economic benefits to a city from having a sports team and stadium, and focuses on determining any relationship between minor league teams and stadiums and community self-image. The methodology for this review is an assessment of the websites – primarily the website's front page – for 42 cities with minor league baseball teams. In addition, a survey of local government officials provides a layer of corroboration for the website review results. Through this assessment, the author brings together elements that contribute to three different fields – facility financing, e-government, and small and mid-sized cities. The website reviews have two elements. First, the author assesses the extent to which the website provides information about the team and stadium on the front page or a website page within two links from the front page. The result is that a relatively low amount of information about teams and stadiums is available on the 42 city websites. Second, the author assesses all the active links on the website front page and categorize the links regarding whether they are primarily directed toward residents, businesses, or tourists. On average 67 percent of the links on the 42 city websites' front pages are directed toward residents. In addition to the website reviews, the author reports on a survey of local government executives and managers regarding the city websites. The key findings from the survey are that residents are the group of most interest to the website creators; the websites' content and appearance generally are intended to reflect the communities' self-image, and; in general, the low amount of information about the teams and stadiums on the website front page accurately represents the importance of the teams and stadiums to communities' self-image. The survey results generally corroborate the website reviews. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Public Administration 2012

The thesis deal with economic analysis of sports facility, that operates multifunction sports facility whose business is operating cableways and ski lift, sports facility and sports facility for recondition and regeneration. The thesis should give a general view of operating this kind of facility. It should introduce marketing mix of this company and through the use of financial analysis make a review of a management of this company.

The subject of the diploma thesis is an architectural study of the forecourt of the Dukovany Nuclear Power Station. The project is based on a pre-diploma project which aimed to develop an urban concept. At the moment the buildings in the area are in an unsuitable condition from a construction - technical and architectural perspective. The urban-architectural study was intended to create a new concept for the forecourt and simultaneously enable its efficient operation in case of the completion of a new nuclear unit. The concept of the solution is based on the removal of outdated buildings and their replacement with new buildings which will meet the current requirements of the Dukovany Nuclear Power Station. From the current layout the main roads, the gatehouse, the information center and the greenery will be preserved. After removing the selected buildings, the renovation area will be divided into the main axes on which the main road network will be designed. The unsuitable connection to public road infrastructure will be solved by minimizing the entrances to the area to two entrances and by moving the suburban bus station from the main road. After connecting the whole area by roads, the area will be divided into functional areas. In front of the gatehouse there will be a square surrounded by public services, an administrative building and by the preserved information center building. From this space, the main representative space of the entire complex will be created. Warehouses and workshops will be located behind the square. Transport areas will be located at the rear of the complex. Thanks to this location, there will be a good connection with the current factory and also with the planned completion of the new nuclear unit on the west of the area. There will also be educational and sport facilities in the complex. The kindergarten will be oriented towards the preserved greenery.

Till följd av ökade utsläpp av växthusgaser har klimatförändringar blivit ett faktum och ett väldiskuterat ämne världen över. Parallellt med klimatfrågan behöver den allmänna folkhälsan gynnas, och med ett ständigt växande samhälle växer även efterfrågan på fler idrottsanläggningar. Då byggnader står för en betydande del av bidragen till den globala klimatpåverkan och primärenergianvändning blir idrottsanläggningars miljöpåverkan en allt viktigare fråga. Vilka typer av anläggningar som bör byggas för att främja den allmänna folkhälsan samtidigt som miljöpåverkan minimeras är en fråga som fler och fler av Sveriges kommuner börjar diskutera. Att bygga idrottsanläggningar som multihallar i flera plan är ett fenomen som undersöks allt mer och kan möjligen vara en potentiell lösning. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka miljöpåverkanskategorierna klimatpåverkan och primärenergianvändningen från Hästhagens sporthall i Malmö. Hallen är byggd i två plan och innehåller därmed två fullstora gymnastikhallar staplade på varandra. Miljöpåverkan från denna multihall jämfördes sedan med den från en traditionell sporthall i ett plan. För att analysera miljöpåverkanskategorierna utfördes en livscykelanalys utifrån ISO-standarderna 14040 och 14044, och avgränsningar gjordes utifrån standarden för värdering ochberäkning av byggnaders miljöprestanda, SS-EN 15978:2011. Därmed undersöktes endast modulerna A1-A5 i byggskedet, vilka innefattar produktion av byggmaterial, transport och konstruktion, samt modul B6 som hanterar energiförbrukningen i driftfasen. Materialen som studerades var de som utgör klimatskalet av Hästhagens sporthall och består främst av betong, tegel, isoleringsmaterial och fönster. I driftfasen granskades klimatpåverkan och primärenergianvändningen av fjärrvärme samt fastighets- och verksamhetsel. Resultaten visar att det är produktionen av material i modul A1-A3, samt fjärrvärmen i B6 som har störst utsläpp av CO2-ekvivalenter och därmed bidrar mest till klimatpåverkan. Utslaget på multihallens antagna livslängd på 70 år har byggfasen en något större påverkan än driftfasen, 27 respektive 23 ton CO2-ekvivalenter per år. Vad gäller energianvändning är det driftfasen som brukar majoriteten av primärenergin, 795 GJ per år, vilket är drygt tre gånger mer per år än de 254 GJ som byggfasen använder. I jämförelsen med en traditionell sporthall i ett plan framgår att Hästhagens sporthall i två plan är något mer energieffektiv och har en lägre klimatpåverkan per tillhandahållen aktivitetstimme. Miljöpåverkan från idrottsanläggningar är dock ett förbisett område och det krävs mer forskning för att kunna dra generella slutsatser om huruvida sporthallar i fler plan är mer miljövänliga än traditionella hallar. / Due to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, the issue of climate change is now a well debated topic worldwide. Simultaneously, the municipalities in Sweden are constantly working on improving the public health and with a growing society the demand for new sports facilities is increasing. Since the construction and operation of buildings contribute to a major part of the global climate impact as well as primary energy use, the environmental impact of sports facilities is an important question. What sorts of buildings that are most beneficial to increase the health of the general public, and at the same time minimizing the environmental impact, is a question that a growing number of municipalities in Sweden are starting to discuss. The aim of this thesis was to examine the climate impact and the primary energy use of Hästhagens sporthall in Malmö. The multi-use sports facility is constructed in two levels, putting two full-sized gymnasiums on top of each other. Its environmental impact was then compared to the impact of a traditional one-level gymnasium. To conduct this analysis, a life cycle assessment was preformed according to the international standards ISO-14040 and 14044, and the definitions and boundaries of the study was set based on the standard SS-EN 15978:2011, defining the calculation method and assessment of environmental performance of buildings. Thus, modules A1-A5, which include production of building materials, transportation and construction, as well as module B6, which handles the energy use during operation, were examined. The materials that are included in the pre-use phase make up the shell of the building and consists mostly of concrete, brick, insulation and windows. In the operational or use phase, district heating and electricity use were studied. The results show that the production of materials, modules A1-A3, as well as the district heating have the highest emissions of CO2-equivalents and that, if divided upon the total life expectancy of 70 years of the building, the pre-use phase has a slightly higher climate impact than the use phase, 27 versus 23 ton CO2-equivalents per year. Regarding primary energy use, the use phase require 795 GJ per year, and has thus more than a three-fold impact than the pre-use phase, which only requires 254 GJ per year. Compared to a traditional one-level gymnasium, Hästhagens sporthall is somewhat more energy efficient and has a lower climate impact per hour performed activity. However, more research is needed to make more general conclusions about the possibility of multi-use facilities in multiple levels to be more environmentally friendly than one-level establishments.