The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was threefold: (a) to assess the relationships between boundary ambiguity, spirituality, marital relationship quality, and caregiver strain and depression among older African American spousal caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD); (b) to identify which variables are the best predictors of caregiver strain; and (c) to identify which variables are the best predictors of depression. The sample consisted of 25 female and 15 male spouses, who were ages 60 to 87. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Marital relationship quality was correlated with the two dependent variables, caregiver strain and depression. In hierarchical multiple regression, a model containing gender, years since spouse’s diagnosis with AD and marital relationship quality predicted 40% of the variance in caregiver strain. Marital relationship quality was the only significant predictor for depression. The model containing marital relationship quality predicted 22% of the variance in depression. Additional findings were that participants scored high on the spirituality measure, that years since diagnosis of AD was negatively correlated with boundary ambiguity, spirituality, and caregiver strain, that there was a significant decrease in the quality of the marital relationship since the spouse became a caregiver, and that almost half had no help with caregiving. There was limited support for the proposed conceptual model, therefore, a revised model was proposed. Based on the study results, in dealing with spouses who are providing caregiving to AD patients, nurses need to assess the quality of the marital relationship, and to recognize that the longer the spouse is a caregiver the greater the strain and depression, and that community resources need to be mobilized to assist the spouse with caregiving. A depression screen and marital assessment may provide cues regarding psychosocial needs of spousal caregivers.

Using data from a nationally representative sample of 723 married adults, this study explored the association of age differences between spouses at the time of marriage on various aspects of marital quality years into the marriage. Four groups (full sample, husband-older, wife-older, and same-age marriages) were compared to see how marital quality was affected by age difference and several other moderating variables. Spousal interactions increased among wife-older marriages, but not among the other groups. An increased level of husband participation in household labor was linked with an increase in marital happiness and a decrease in marital problems for wife-older marriages. It also was related to a decrease in marital happiness for husband-older marriages as well as a decrease in spousal interaction for all groups except wife-older marriages, which showed no significant association to the division of household labor. Finally, a more traditional approach to gender roles among the same-age marriages was associated with a decrease in marital problems and a decrease in spousal interaction.

No description available.

Huntington's Disease (HD) is a rare condition that has been under-researched by the medical professions and psychologists alike. There is a clear lack of psychological literature on the subject of HD and furthermore, there are no adequate QoL scales available for use by spousal carers. The development of a HD specific QoL scale (HDQoL-C) for this special population, brings together theoretical constructs and practical application in order to produce a user-friendly QoL measurement for spousal carers of HD patients.

published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Educational Leadership / Jeffrey Zacharakis / In this study, the researcher explored the effects of a formal education and leadership development program (LDP), Command Team Spouse Development Program–Brigade Level (CTSDP-BDE), given to spouses of senior military service members (command team spouses) in preparation for brigade-level command team roles and environments. This study employed a nonexperimental, embedded, concurrent, mixed-methods approach to answer the overarching research question: “Can formal educational programs influence life effectiveness for adult participants, assuming informal leadership roles?” Findings from quantitative data indicated that the CTSDP-BDE course influences life effectiveness in participant personal and social abilities and beliefs and organizational skills as defined by scales in the Review of Personal Effectiveness and Locus of Control (ROPELOC) instrument for command team spouses who assume informal leadership roles. No change occurred for Active Involvement or participants’ measures of locus of control (internal and external) because of attending the program. Findings from qualitative data supported quantitative findings, and raise and provide deeper insight into the CTSDP-BDE and spousal education within the United States Army (U.S. Army). Additionally, the researcher demonstrated that formal educational programs could positively influence the informal leadership capabilities of adults. In this study, the researcher used research participants from the CTSDP-BDE, who were housed at the U.S. Army’s School for Command Preparation located in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Command team spouse participants (n=40) completed both presurveys and postsurveys over the course of a 7-month data collection period. Likewise, the researcher conducted follow-up, qualitative interviews (n=10) to further investigate the effects of the CTSDP-BDE program.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a viabilidade jurídica da constituição e da manutenção da sociedade entre cônjuges, bem como os efeitos jurídicos daí decorrentes, sobretudo no Direito brasileiro. Demonstra que o tema em análise ainda não está pacificado na doutrina e jurisprudência pátrias, dada a sua complexidade e a ampla gama de institutos de Direito Civil e Comercial que encerra, além de elementos sociológicos indissociáveis da realidade jurídica que o permeia. São objeto do presente estudo as matérias que circunscrevem a órbita das sociedades entre cônjuges e que, portanto, são indispensáveis à compreensão e à análise crítica do instituto, para o qual se recorrerá também ao Direito comparado. Na esteira dos objetivos da presente dissertação, far-se-á, ainda, uma análise da evolução legislativa dispensada à sociedade entre marido e mulher no Brasil. Finalmente, serão discutidas as novas tendências de tratamento do tema no Direito alienígena e no Brasil, sobretudo em relação aos impedimentos até então vislumbrados à sociedade entre cônjuges, discussão esta que ainda remanesce pendente de assentamento no Brasil, mormente após o advento do Código Civil de 2002, como é possível depreender neste trabalho. / The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal feasibility of the incorporation and maintenance of the spousal entities, as well as the most significant effects arising out of this matter, especially in the Brazilian legal system. This study intends to convey that, due to its complexity, the innumerous civil and commercial law issues that it involves and, also, the intertwined sociological elements necessary to its understanding, the matter under analysis has not yet been subject to a consensus. The analysis of the different legal concepts in connection with the spousal entities will be dealt with in this thesis, to the extent that they are fundamental to its comprehension, in lieu of both national and comparative law. Within the purposes of this study, an analysis of the legal treatment applicable to the spousal entities will be conducted. Finally, the new tendencies on the treatment to be applied to the matter both in the Brazilian and international legal systems will be addressed. The discussion of the above referred tendencies has gradually acquired more importance, especially the obstacles so far raised against the validity of the spousal entities, causing such discussion to be still alive and pending of consensus, mainly after the effectiveness of the Brazilian 2002 Civil Code, as it will be verified by means of the present thesis.

A post-positivistic research paradigm was adopted and a qualitative (less dominant) with quantitative (dominant) method was the research design. Phase I Study was a focus group study aiming at understanding conceptions and beliefs about spousal abuse with five focus groups involving 40 undergraduates. Phase II Study was a questionnaire survey with some of the items in questionnaire derived from the qualitative findings of the focus groups. Based on a stratified sampling strategy, 361 social work undergraduates were randomly selected from all undergraduate social work training institutions to participate in this survey. They completed a 252-item questionnaire which measured their conceptions and beliefs about spousal abuse and the psychosocial correlates within the proposed ecological model. / By applying the ecological model, attitudes toward gender, identification with Chinese traditional and modern culture were significant correlates of the conceptions of spousal abuse; while gender, attitudes toward gender and identification with Chinese traditional culture were the significant correlates of beliefs about spousal abuse. The socialization influences were also significant correlates of the outcome variables in the male sample. These observations provided support for the thesis that there are individual and environmental correlates of conceptions and beliefs about spousal abuse. Coverage on spousal abuse in social work curriculum was found to be inadequate and request for training was high. Meanwhile, undergraduates with adequate training showed broader conceptions of spousal abuse, which indicated that training might help to broaden their conceptions of spousal abuse. / Results showed that social work undergraduates' conceptions of physical abuse were highly consistent with legal and experts' perspectives, while their conceptions of psychological abuse were more from laymen's perspectives, which were relatively unclear and less consistent with legal and experts' perspectives. They also had broader conceptions of wife abuse than husband abuse by identifying more behavioral manifestations as wife abuse. In general, the breadth of their conceptions of spousal abuse depended on their gender (same sex favoritism), victims' gender, and types of abuse (physical vs. psychological). Furthermore, they endorsed more biased beliefs about husband abuse than wife abuse. Male students endorsed more biased beliefs about spousal abuse than their female counterparts. / The lay conceptions and beliefs about spousal abuse among social work undergraduates in Hong Kong were studied and lay conceptions were compared with legal and experts' perspectives. Adopting an ecological model, it was hypothesized that gender, attitudes toward gender, socialization of gender stereotypes and violence approval, and identification with Chinese traditional and modern cultural values were psychosocial correlates of conceptions and beliefs about spousal abuse. / This study has several contributions. First, it enhances our understanding of the conceptions and beliefs about spousal abuse from the lay, legal, and professional perspectives. Second, with reference to our limited understanding on husband abuse, the present findings enhance our understanding on husband abuse. Third, it contributes to the development of theoretical models pertinent to the psychosocial correlates at the individual, interpersonal, and cultural levels. Finally, it facilitates improvement in coverage of spousal abuse in social work education. / Tam, Suet Yan. / Adviser: T. L. Daniel Shek. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-09, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 423-450). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a pervasive and devastating condition, often resulting in permanent alterations in cognition, behavior, and personality. As such, survivors of severe TBI usually rely on the assistance of caregivers to navigate situations of daily living throughout their life span. Spouses of individuals with TBI have been shown to experience greater levels of burden than parental caregivers of TBI survivors (Kreutzer et al., 1994; Mauss-Clum & Ryan, 1981) and subsequently rates of divorce and separation have been documented within the research literature to be high (Thomsen, 1984; Wood et al., 2005). Although marital breakdown has been frequently studied, research on marital satisfaction and coping within long-term marriages where one spouse has survived a severe TBI remains insufficient. The purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive analysis of long-term spousal caregivers of individuals with severe TBI. First, demographic variables of caregiving spouses of individuals with severe TBI, who remained married at least 10 years post injury, were described and comparisons to other spousal caregiver samples were addressed. Second, the relationship between marital adjustment and demographic variables, coping, and quality of life was examined. Finally, an analysis of primary stressors was conducted to better understand the caregiving spouses' continued experience of stressors. Twenty-one spousal caregivers who remained married for at least 10 years post injury to their spouse who sustained a severe TBI participated in the study. Analyses revealed that spouses had remained married an average of 19 years post-injury and in general were mildly dissatisfied within their marriages. Furthermore, marital adjustment (Dyadic Adjustment Scale total score) of long-term spousal caregivers of severe TBI was not significantly different than spousal caregivers of individuals with chronic illness. Higher marital satisfaction scores were associated with higher endorsement of emotion-focused coping strategies and greater mental health quality of life. In addition, marital satisfaction was positively associated with the longevity of the marital relationship, the age of the spouse at the time of the injury, and the length of the marriage at the time when the injury was sustained. As expected, higher scores of marital satisfaction were associated with higher levels of mental health quality of life. There were no significant relationships between physical health quality of life and marital satisfaction. An analysis of primary stressors show that long-term caregiving spouses continue to report similar types of stressors as indicated in the research literature from caregiving spouses during the first 5 to 8 years post injury. Findings were discussed in relation to implications for practice and additional research.

The Rideout trial in 1978 was the first case in the United States in which a wife charged her husband with rape while the couple was still living together. This thesis furthers research in the area of marital rape by examining the press coverage through textual analysis. The scope of the research is limited to newspaper coverage (local and national) and the subsequent made-for-television movie based on the trial. As a case study, the Rideout trial illustrates how the press has covered sexual assault in the United States—especially during the height of the 1970s women’s movement. The findings indicate that through the execution of various rape-centered scripts, traditional rape stereotypes were perpetuated and only a few were challenged. This perpetuation led to an initial invalidation of marital rape, including Greta Rideout’s claim of rape.