The right of habitation is the one given by the law; it consists that, after the death of the testator, the surviving spouse or the surviving cohabitant who doesn’t have   enough resources is allowed to have the house-room gratuitously and for life.In this article, the author explains some differences and similarities of the Peruvian regulation of such right of habitation compared with those existing in other Civil Codes, its necessary requirements, the possible consequences it may have on the rest of the heirs and the situations in which this right canbe applied. / El derecho de habitación es aquel por el cualla ley permite que, ante la muerte del testador, el cónyuge supérstite o el sobrevivientede la unión de hecho, en caso de no contar conrecursos  suficientes,  puedan  adjudicarse  la casa-habitación de forma gratuita y vitalicia.En el presente artículo, el autor establece algunas diferencias y semejanzas de la regulación de dicha figura con relación a otros códigos civiles, los requisitos para que proceda dicho derecho, las posibles consecuencias que pueden tener en los demás herederos y los escenarios en que se puede presentar.

A violência por parceiro íntimo (VPI) é uma das formas mais frequentes de violência contra a mulher, e se constitui em um fenômeno complexo, que faz parte de uma construção histórica e possui íntima relação com as questões de gênero e suas relações de poder. Durante a gestação, a mulher utiliza com maior frequência os serviços de saúde, o que pode facilitar a construção de vínculo com a equipe de saúde e favorecer a identificação de casos de violência. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: identificar a prevalência de casos de VPI entre gestantes usuárias de um serviço público de saúde e classificar quanto ao tipo e frequência; identificar fatores sociais e demográficos das gestantes e seus parceiros que poderiam estar associados a episódios de violência; identificar os resultados obstétricos e neonatais e suas associações com a ocorrência da VPI na gestação atual. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo e analítico, desenvolvido no CRSM-MATER e no HCFMRP-USP, situados em Ribeirão Preto, SP. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo CEP da EERP-USP, sob nº 1383/2011. Os dados foram coletados no período de maio a dezembro de 2012, por meio de entrevista estruturada por um questionário que contemplava as características sociodemográficas da mulher e de seu parceiro e características obstétricas, além das questões relacionadas à violência; também foram coletados dados dos prontuários das participantes com a utilização de um instrumento que contemplava as variáveis relacionadas aos resultados obstétricos e neonatais. Durante a coleta de dados, iniciada no ambulatório de pré-natal do CRSM-MATER, algumas participantes foram encaminhadas ao HC-FMRP e tiveram a coleta nos prontuários realizada nesta última instituição. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se o programa estatístico SAS® 9.0. Esta análise foi fundamentada na estatística descritiva, além da utilização do Teste Exato de Fisher e Regressão Logística. Verificou-se que 15,5% das participantes sofreram algum tipo de VPI durante a gestação, sendo que 14,7% sofreram violência psicológica, 5,2%, violência física e 0,4% sofreu violência sexual. As mulheres que se autorreferiram como pretas ou pardas, que não moravam com o parceiro e que referiram consumir bebida alcoólica eventualmente, apresentaram maior chance de sofrer VPI na gestação. Além disso, as mulheres que não desejaram a gestação tinham 4,3 vezes a chance de sofrer VPI na gestação, quando comparadas com aquelas que desejaram a gestação (p<0,00; OR= 4,32 e IC 95% [1,77 - 10,54]). As participantes com parceiros na faixa etária de 15 a 18 anos apresentaram 5,5 vezes a chance de sofrer violência, quando comparadas com aquelas que tinham parceiros com 30 anos ou mais (OR= 5,5; IC 95% [1,02 - 30,2]). Com relação às repercussões obstétricas, não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre as variáveis investigadas. Quanto às repercussões neonatais dos filhos das participantes, as análises também não apresentaram resultados estatisticamente significativos. Conclui-se que, para as participantes do estudo, não houve repercussões obstétricas e neonatais negativas relacionadas à VPI na gestação. No entanto, outras variáveis se mostraram associadas a este tipo de violência, o que indica, aos profissionais de saúde, a importância de se atentar a outras características das gestantes e de seus parceiros, favorecendo a identificação da violência e o oferecimento de suporte adequado a estas mulheres, quando necessário / The intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the most frequent ways of violence against women, and it is constituted in a complex phenomenon, which is part of a historical construction and is intimately related to gender questions and its power relationships. During pregnancy, the woman attend health care more frequently, which can facilitate the bond building with the health staff and favours the identifications of violence cases. This study aims were: identify the prevalence of IPV cases between pregnant women who use public healthcare service and classify according to its type and frequency; identify the pregnant e their partners\' social and demographic factors which could be associated with violence episodes; identify the obstetric and neonatal results and their associations with the IPV occurrence in the current pregnancy. This is an observational, descriptive and analytic study, developed at CRSM-MATER and HCFMRP-USP, located in Ribeirão Preto, SP. The research project was approved by ethics committee from EERP-USP, under number 1383/2011. The data were collected between May and December 2012, via interview structured by a questionnaire which beheld the woman\'s and their partner\'s social- demographic characteristics and obstetric characteristics, beside the questions related to violence; there were also collected the participants\' records data using an instrument that contemplated the variables related to the obstetric and neonatal results. During the data collection, initiated at CRSM-MATER prenatal clinic, some participants were leaded to HC- FMRP and had the records collection done at this last institution. To analyze the data the statistic program SAS® 9.0 was used. This analysis was underlay on descriptive statistic, besides using the Fisher Exact Test and Logistic Regression. It was verified that 15,5% of the participants suffered some sort of IPV during pregnancy, knowing that 14,7% suffered psychological violence, 5,2% physical violence and 0,4% sexual violence. Women whom were considered themselves as black or brown-skinned, who haven\'t lived with their partners and who were referred as eventual liquor drinkers showed bigger chance of suffering IPV during pregnancy. Furthermore, women who didn\'t desire the pregnancy had 4,3 times chances of suffering IPV during pregnancy when compared to those ones who desired the pregnancy (p<0,00; OR= 4,32 e IC 95% [1,77 - 10,54]). The participants with partners between 15 and 18 years old showed 5,5 times chances of suffering violence when compared to those ones whose partners were 30 years old or older (OR= 5,5; IC 95% [1,02 - 30,2]). Relating to the obstetric repercussions, there was no association statistically meaningful between the variables investigated. As the participants\' children\'s neonatal repercussion, the analysis didn\'t present results statistically meaningful either. In conclusion, for the study participants, there were no negative obstetric and neonatal repercussions related to IPV in pregnancy. Nevertheless, other variables are shown associated to this type of violence, which indicates, to the health care professionals, the importance to be attentive to other pregnant women\'s and their partners\' characteristics, favoring the violence identification and offering appropriate support to these women, when necessary

The purpose of my final thesis "Matrimonial property in the context of inheritance proceedings" is to analyse law dealings with settlements of matrimonial property and its application in inheritance proceedings. I emphasize problems caused by a lack of interconnection between the legislation of matrimonial property and the law of succession where I focus on both the substantial as well as procedural law. Furthermore, I discuss a tension between two principles - free will and protection of a surviving spouse - which emerges during the settlements of matrimonial property in the inheritance proceedings and which is apparent from the amount of rights given to the surviving spouse under the law of succession. Additionally, I compare the Czech legislation in this matter to the English law, even though England belongs to different legal culture where the concept of matrimonial property has not been fully introduced yet. However, considering the need for adjusting the Czech legislation of matrimonial property to the law of succession, I suggest that the protection which is given to the surviving spouse under English law might be inspiring for the Czech legislator.

Bakgrund: Idag drabbas många av cancersjukdom men tack vare tidig upptäckt botas många. Under sjukdomstiden påverkas även patientens maka/make/partner av cancersjukdomen. Anhöriga som stöttar sin partner kan ha en ökad risk att drabbas av egna hälsorelaterade problem.  Syfte: Syftet var att belysa anhörigas upplevelser av att stötta en partner i kurativt skede av cancersjukdom.  Metod: Resultatet består av tolv vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserades och delades in i sju teman. Roys Adaptationsmodell har använts för att diskutera resultatet. Artiklarna samlades in via databaserna CINAHL och PUBMED med urvalet 2007-2017.   Resultat: Resultatet visade på att anhörigas behov blev åsidosatta under partnerns sjukdomstid.  Deras identitet påverkades då de anpassade tillvaron för att kunna fokusera på sin partners vård. Rollfördelningen i parrelationen förändrades och anhöriga fick ta mer ansvar. En för stor börda på de anhöriga kunde ha stor påverkan på deras hälsa men många anhöriga upplevde att de kom sin partner närmare under sjukdomstiden.                    Diskussion: De fyra anpassningslägena i Roys modell påverkar varandra och är svåra att separera. Detta visar på att det är viktigt att ha en helhetssyn på människan. Vi anser att det är viktigt att vården uppmärksammar anhörigas behov och situation och erbjuder stöd för att undvika framtida ohälsa. / Background: A large number of individuals are affected by cancer disease every year, but due to improved treatment and early discovery many are cured. The illness, also affect the patient´s significant other and may increase their risk of own health-related problems. Aim: The aim was to describe significant others´ experiences when supporting a partner in curative phase of cancer disease. Method: The results are based on twelve scientific articles and categorized in seven themes. The Roy Adaptation model was used to discuss the result. Data were collected from the CINAHL and PUBMED databases, including articles from the years 2007-2017. Results: The results show that significant others´ own needs were put aside during their partner´s illness. Their identities were affected as they were adapting their everyday life to be able to support their partner. A partner´s illness also changed the couple’s roles as the couples responsibility changed within the relationship. If the significant other experienced the support as burdensome their health could be negatively affected. Significant others´ experienced their relationship to their partner to improve during the illness. Discussion: The four adaptation modes by Roy are related to each other and are hard to distinguish and the holistic view of each person is important. We conclude that it is important that the health care system also acknowledges the significant other´s needs and situations and thereby provide support needed to elude future health issues.

Magister Curationis - MCur / This study explored the lived experience of spouses living with depressed partners. A qualitative phenomenological, exploratory study design was used to explore the lived experience of the spouses, identifying the coping strategies and challenges that they face as they live with the depressed partners. A purposive sample of seven spouses living with their depressed partners who were being treated in outpatient department were recruited to participate in the study. In-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted, audiotaped with the participants’ permission and transcribed verbatim. The data from the transcripts, field notes, and demographic questionnaires was organized ready for analysis. Thematic data analysis was used to code the data, and group the codes to form categories. The categories were further regrouped to form themes. The themes were conceptualized and contextualized to uncover the meaning that the spouse carers attached to the lived experience. It emerged that most of the spouses described their partners and the relationship negatively due to the burden of care. The male carers as compared to the female carers expressed the negativity more and it impacted on the quality of care they were providing to the depressed partners. It was revealed that inadequate professional support was linked with the ineffective coping strategies employed by the spouse carers. Hence, most of the spouse carers presented with symptoms of depression and were at the stage of impoverishment according to the adaptive potential assessment model. A recommendation to involve spouse carers in the treatment plan and improve the support system to the spouse carers was made to the stakeholders of health service providers at the primary health level.

Research on spouse abuse has received greater attention during the last 3 decades around the world. This research was conducted to investigate the selected correlates of alcohol use, drug use, and marital status and the effects they have on use of weapons and violent behavior. The secondary data used was from a study done in Chicago from 1995-1998, called the Chicago Community Crime Prevention and Intimate Violence Study. There were 210 domestic violence victims studied in one Chicago area. Each victim was asked a series of the same questions. It was found that 39.4% of the domestic violence cases involved an alcohol problem, and 45.1% of them involved drugs. It was found that divorced subjects had the highest percentage of the use of a weapon (67%). In the overall cross tabulations, alcohol, drug use, and marital status were not significantly related to the use of a weapon and violent behavior. It was also found that alcohol consumption and violent behavior was significant at the .10 level of significance.

Bakgrund: Palliativ vård definieras som vård i syfte att lindra lidande och främja livskvaliteten för patienter med progressiv sjukdom. Palliativa vården innefattar fysiska, psykiska, sociala och existentiella behov och bör även inkludera stöd till anhöriga. Vid palliativ vård i hemmet får anhöriga ta ett stort ansvar över vårdandet. Joyce Travelbee var en omvårdnadsteoretiker som arbetade utifrån ett mellanmänskligt förhållningssätt och belyser vikten av att bygga upp en tillitsfull relation mellan sjuksköterska, anhöriga samt patient. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa anhörigas upplevelser av palliativ vård av närstående i hemmet. Metod: Litteraturstudien har baserats på 12 primärstudier med kvalitativ ansats. Databaserna Cinahl och Pubmed har använts vid sökning av studier. Artiklarna har analyserats med stöd av Popenoe m.fl. (2021) analysmetod. Resultat: Tre huvudkategorier och sex subkategorier identifierades. Huvudkategorierna var Förändrad tillvaro (Ny roll som vårdansvarig och Moralisk handling), Känslomässigt påverkade (Emotionellt berörda och Ambivalenta känslor) och Behov av olika former av stöd (Existentiellt stöd och Varierat stöd av sjukvården och familj). Resultatet visade att de anhöriga upplevde att tillvaron förändrades när de tog på sig rollen som vårdgivare. De blev mycket känslomässigt påverkade och upplevde förbjudna tankar som ledde till skuldkänslor. Behov av stöd från sjukvården var en viktig aspekt och upplevdes ibland bristande. Trots svårigheter var det många som upplevde vårdandet som en positiv upplevelse och många menade på att de uppfyllde deras närståendes sista önskan i livet. Slutsats: Resultatet visar en stor variation av upplevelser av palliativ vård vilket belyser att det är viktigt att utföra en personcentrerad omvårdnad där även anhöriga är i centrum. / Background: Palliative care is defined as care with the aim of alleviating suffering and promoting the quality of life of patients with progressive disease. Palliative care includes physical, psychological, social and existential needs and should also include support for relatives. With palliative care at home, relatives have to take a great deal of responsibility for the care. Joyce Travelbee was a nursing theorist who worked from an interpersonal approach and highlighted the importance of building a trusting relationship between nurses, relatives and patients. Aim: The aim of the literature study was to shed light on relatives’ experience of palliative care by loved ones at home. Method: The literature study was based on 12 primary studies with a qualitative approach. The databases Cinahl and Pubmed have been used when searching for studies. The articles have been analyzed with the support of Popenoe et al (2021) analysis method. Result: Three main categories and six subcategories were identified. The main categories were Changed existence (New role as caregiver and Moral action), Emotionally affected (Emotionally feelings and Ambivalent feelings) and Need for different forms of support (Existential support and Varied support from the healthcare system and family). The results show that the relatives felt that their life changed when they took on the role of caregiving. They were very emotionally affected and experienced forbidden thoughts that led to feelings of guilt. The need for support from healthcare was an important aspect and was sometimes perceived as lacking. Despite difficulties, many experienced the care as a positive experience and many believed that they fulfilled their loved ones' last wish in life.  Conclusion: The results show a great variety of experiences of palliative care, which highlights that it is important to carry out a person-centered care where relatives are also at the center.

Text in English / This study examined the effects of childhood sexual abuse on the emotional functioning of adult female survivors and the impact on their relationships with their spouse I partner and child I children. Literature reveals that sexual abuse has negative long-term effects on adult survivors, including psychological impairments. To study this phenomenon, a psycho-educational perspective was utilised. A clinical, judgmental sample of sixteen adult female survivors who attributed their current difficulties and problems to their childhood sexual experience was selected and an in-depth qualitative study was undertaken. The Emotions Profile Index Personality Test, a Questionnaire and an Interview were used to determine the present emotional functioning of the survivors and the impact on their relationships. The conclusions reached were that childhood sexual abuse had a detrimental effect on the emotional functioning of survivors and this impacted negatively on their relationships with their spouse I partner and child I children. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education, with specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)

La présente thèse retrace l’évolution de la formation de la famille rurale à travers trois périodes, avant 1954, 1955-1986, 1987-2011 dans le Delta du Fleuve Rouge au Nord du Việt Nam. Le cadre théorique a été construit en faisant référence aux travaux d’Alain Girard, Claude Henryon et Edmond Lambrechts, François Héran et Michel Bozon, à l’analyse des conditions de formation d’une génération et des rapports de génération de Karl Mannheim, à l’analyse de la transformation sociale de Pierre Bourdieu dans son livre Travail et travailleurs en Algérie. L’enquête de terrain par l’entretien et l’observation a été menée auprès des conjoints dont le mariage a eu lieu entre les dates de référence. Le Việt Nam a connu au cours du XXe siècle des grands événements, des dates historiques auxquelles nous faisons référence. Il a traversé la période féodo-coloniale, la période de l’édification socialiste avec une économie planifiée et la période de l’économie de marché à orientation socialiste. En partant des contextes politiques, économiques, juridiques, éducatifs, et démographiques du pays, à travers les observations empiriques en la matière et résultats des enquêtes disponibles, nous cherchons à dégager les caractéristiques principales du mariage de chaque période en examinant les aspects principaux du processus d’entrée en union: les circonstances de rencontre, les conditions de la découverte, la prise de décision, les critères du choix et les rites du mariage. Tout cela vise à comprendre les persistances et les changements de cette évolution. On observe que la distance géographique s’accentue entre les communes d’origine des conjoints. Les contextes de découverte sont de plus en plus marqués par l’existence des réseaux sociaux et par le système de l’éducation et de la formation. L’autonomie des jeunes s’affirme. On trouve des concordances entre les résultats de la thèse et les données socio-démographiques récemment élaborées au Việt Nam. / This dissertation relates the evolution of the formation of rural family through three periods before 1954, 1955-1986, 1987-2011 in the Red River Delta in the North of Vietnam. The theoretical cadre is referring to the work of Alain Girard, Claude Henryon and Edmond Lambrechts, François Héran and Michel Bozon, to the analysis of conditions for formation of one generation and generating reports of Karl Mannheim, to the analysis of the social transformation of Pierre Bourdieu from his book Work and workers in Algeria. The fiel survey by interview and observation was realized with spouses who had their marriage between references dates. Viêt Nam has experienced in the twentieth century big events which we refer. It crossed the feudal-colonial period, the period of socialist construction and the period of the market economy with a socialist orientation. Starting from political, economic, legal, educational, and demographic contexts of the country, through empirical data on the subject and survey results, we try to identify the main characteristics of the marriage of each period and the social mechanisms which determine the choice of spouse by examining the main aspects of the entry process in union: circumstances of meeting, conditions of courting, marriage decision-making, criteria for selecting, and marriage rituals. All of this aims at understanding the continuities and changes of this evolution. We observe that the geographical distance becomes more marked between the municipalities of origin of the spouses. The contexts of courting are more and more marked by the existence of the social networks and by the system of the education and training. The youth autonomy is affirmed. We find concordances between survey results and sociodemographic data recently observed in Viêt Nam.

La thèse a pour objectifs d'identifier les besoins et les difficultés des conjoints aidants de personnesprésentant une maladie d'Alzheimer. Elle vise également à mettre en évidence les points communs etles spécificités de la situation d’aide en fonction de l’âge d’apparition de la maladie. L’axe 1 porte sur l’analyse du vécu de couples dont l'un des partenaires présente une démence précoce. Les résultats mettent en évidence une évolution dans le rapport au savoir des aidants et des personnes malades. Ils passent d'un besoin de comprendre les changements occasionnés par l’arrivée de la maladie à une mise à distance après l'annonce du diagnostic. De plus, avec l'avancée des troubles, les aidants éprouvent des difficultés à ajuster leur niveau d’aide, ce qui est source de conflits entre les deux partenaires. Les deux études de l'axe 2 ont pour objectif d’établir une comparaison entre les aidants de personnes malades jeunes et de personnes malades âgées à la fois sur leurs besoins et sur leurs modes d’ajustement. La majorité des besoins et des stratégies est commune à tous les aidants. Néanmoins, les aidants de personnes malades jeunes expriment plus de besoins en termes de maintien de contact, d'adaptation des structures de soins et d'accompagnement dans les démarches administratives. Les aidants de personnes malades âgées utilisent plus l'humour, l'aménagement et la mise à distance de l'entourage comme stratégies d'ajustement. L’axe 3 vise à investiguer l'influence des caractéristiques de la situation d'aide sur la détresse du conjoint aidant à l’aide d’une modélisation structurale. Les paramètres de ce modèle général ont été comparés en fonction de l'âge de début de la maladie et du genre de l'aidant. Cette étude met en évidence 4 facteurs influençant le sentiment de détresse des conjoints aidants : le sentiment d'être préparé, la qualité du support familial, l’évaluation de sa santé et la qualité d’ajustement du couple. Ce dernier facteur est plus important pour les conjoints aidants de personnes malades jeunes. L’analyse de ces résultats permet de spécifier le contenu de programmes d’accompagnement en faveur de modules communs à tous les aidants et de modules spécifiques en fonction de l'âge d'apparition de la maladie. / This thesis aims to identify needs and difficulties of the spouse caregivers of persons with dementia. We also investigate similarities and specificities related to the caregiving situation regarding the age atonset of the disease.The first axis examines the experience of couples in which one member received a diagnosis of earlyon setdementia. The results show an evolution in the relation to knowledge of the caregivers and the persons with dementia. They oscillate between the need to understand the changes caused by the disease and a distancing after the diagnosis. Moreover, with the progression of the disease, the caregivers are not able to adapt their level of assistance, which increases tensions between the two partners. The two studies of the second axis aim to compare needs and coping strategies of spouse caregivers of persons with early and late onset dementia. The majority of needs and strategies are the same for all spouse caregivers. However, the spouse caregivers of persons with early-onset dementia express the greatest number of needs related to maintaining contacts, more need of adapted care structures and more need to be assisted in administrative procedures. The spouse caregivers of persons with late-onset dementia use more humor, re-arranging, and getting away from the entourage. The third axis investigates the influence of the characteristics of the caregiving context on spousal caregiver distress with a structural modelisation. The sittings of this general model were compared regarding the age at onset of the disease and the gender of caregiver. This study demonstrated that 4 factors contribute to spousal caregiver distress: preparedness, family support, self-rated health and the quality of the couple relationship. Dyadic determinants were more important for caregivers of PEOD. The analysis of these results permits to specify the content of support for a common core and specific modules depending on the age at onset of the disease.