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Kondiční trénink ve squashi / Fitness training in squashCerman, Jaroslav January 2015 (has links)
Title: Fitness training in squash. Purposes: Find out the best Czech squash players focus on fitness training. Propose the inclusion of fitness training in the annual training cycle. Methods: Interview, survey. Results: Most of the best 200 players by ranking include fitness training into their training process. Fitness training directly affects the squash performance and the position in the ranking as well. Key words: squash, training, fitness training, speed, power, endurance, coordination, flexibility.
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Analýza tréninkové jednotky ve squashi / Analysis of training unit in squashStöckelová, Martina January 2012 (has links)
Title: Analysis of training units in squash Targets/aims:The aim is to identify as squash coaches divided their training session and how gradually shift the individual exercises in the main part of the lesson and at what level of exertion these exercises are. The second aim is using the MADI clarify which aspects of interactions take place between coach and player of squash in the training session. Methods: At work we used the method of participant observation, where the researcher was that of a full observer. Data were collected by video and audio recording of acquisition training session thirty squash coaches. Data analysis was performed using the modified analysis didactic interaction and observation method using a categorical system was used to analyse the structure of the training session. The results were interpreted comparisons. Results: When we are analysing the structure of the training session, we found that most of the wards of the coaches training workout begins musculoskeletal system load, half of the coaches listed as the main part in the correct sequence specific exercise intensity and almost half of the wards of the coaches' momentum system performs regeneration after intensive physical activity. We found that the method of teaching interactions for coaches is very different....
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Stress and coping in high performance squash coachingTranfield, Jennifer K. January 2002 (has links)
This thesis investigates stress and coping in high performance squash coaching from the perspectives of both the coach and the player. An introduction to the thesis (chapter 1), a discussion of key concepts and theories from the general stress and coping literature (chapter 2), and a systematic review of the stress and coping in sport literature (chapter 3) are presented. The empirical work is reported in two phases. Phase one (chapters 4, 5 & 6) documents an in-depth study of 18 high performance squash coaches. Retrospective interviews were used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Inductive content analysis (Patton, 1980) revealed 223 raw data themes for stress, which collapsed into 12 general dimensions, and 415 raw data themes for coping, from which 13 general dimensions emerged. Descriptive statistics on stress source characteristics revealed a number of interesting trends that required further investigation. Further, general ('multi-purpose') and specific coping strategies were identified. Coping effectiveness and frequency data detailed the analysis. Phase two (chapters 7, 8 & 9) investigates stress and coping experiences of elite squash players during coaching activities via two studies. In study one, data were collected through telephone interviews, and analysed using inductive content analysis (QSR NUDIST), revealing 227 raw data themes for stress and coping from which 9 stress and 8 coping general dimensions emerged. These results were used to develop a postal questionnaire (study two) administered to 84 elite squash players on the England Squash World Class Performance Programme (Jan. 1999). A response rate of 60% was obtained, data was input into SPSS, and various statistical tests revealed significant contributions to 5 major investigative themes detennined at the outset. An overall picture of the landscape in stress and coping in high performance squash coaching is offered, and conclusions and future directions are presented (chapter 10).
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Evapotranspiração e produção da abóbora cultivar bárbaba sob diferentes níveis de salinidade e de adubação nitrogenada / Evapotranspiration and production pumpkin growing Bárbaba under different levels of salinity and nitrogenLima, Rozana Maria de Sousa 25 October 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-10-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The increased demand for water for irrigation has led farmers to use water with higher salinity, and its use is subject to the crop tolerance to salinity and irrigation management . The nitrogen has provided a significant increase in production saline environment and reduces the effect of the salts . This work aimed to study the effects of different levels of salinity of irrigation water and nitrogen applied through fertigation in evapotranspiration and yield of pumpkin, the climatic conditions of the region of Mossoró - RN. An experiment in field conditions at the Experimental Farm UFERSA, Mossoró, RN was developed. The treatments consisted of irrigation application with five salinity levels (S1 = 0.5, S2 = 1.5, S3 = 2.5, S4 = S5 = 3.5 and 4.5 dS m- 1) and three Nitrogen doses ( 30 , 100 , 170 % of the recommended dose) . To estimate the ETo Penman - Monteith equation parameterized by FAO was used. The meteorological data required for estimating ETo were collected by an automatic weather station, installed in the experimental area. The ETc was measured by four weighing lysimeters installed in salinity levels S1 and S5. The nutritional status of plants was evaluated by foliar analysis of the flowering period. Periodic reviews of the evolution of soil salinity were performed using soil samples throughout the crop cycle. The results showed that ECT decreased between the irrigation water S1 and S5, where during the entire evaporation cycle was 300.29 and 279.20 mm, respectively. As for the mean values Kc's the phenological stages I, II, III, IV, 0.42 , 0.68 , 1.08, 0.78 for the S1 treatment and 0.41 , 0.62 , 0.92, 0.60 for the S5 treatment , showing that the obtained for Kc's were always higher than those obtained for Kc's S5 level S1 level . There was a significant effect of nitrogen on the yield components, except for the average mass of total and marketable fruit. The total and marketable yield of fruits were significantly affected by the quality of the irrigation water and by nitrogen rates / A maior demanda por água para irrigação tem levado os agricultores a utilizarem águas com salinidade mais elevada, sendo que sua utilização fica condicionada à tolerância das culturas à salinidade e ao manejo da irrigação. A adubação nitrogenada tem proporcionado um aumento significativo na produção e em ambiente salino reduz o efeito dos sais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação e de doses de nitrogênio aplicado via fertirrigação na evapotranspiração e na produção da abóbora, nas condições climáticas da região de Mossoró-RN. Foi desenvolvido um experimento em condições de campo, na Fazenda Experimental da UFERSA, Mossoró, RN. Os tratamentos foram compostos da aplicação de irrigação com cinco níveis de salinidade (S1=0,5; S2=1,5; S3=2,5; S4=3,5 e S5=4,5 dS m-1) e três doses de Nitrogênio (30, 100, 170 % da dose recomendada). Para estimativa da ETo foi utilizada a equação de Penman-Monteith parametrizada pela FAO. Os dados meteorológicos necessários para a estimativa da ETo foram coletados por uma estação meteorológica automática, instalada na área experimental. A ETc foi medida por quatro lisímetros de pesagem, instalados nos níveis de salinidade S1 e S5. O estado nutricional das plantas foi avaliado pela análise foliar no período de floração. Foram realizadas avaliações periódicas da evolução da salinidade do solo, usando amostras de solo ao longo do ciclo da cultura. Os resultados mostraram que a ETc diminuiu entre a água de irrigação S1 e S5, onde a evapotranspiração total durante o ciclo foi de 300,29 e 279,20 mm, respectivamente. Quanto aos Kc s verificaram-se os valores médios nos estádios fenológicos I, II, III e IV de 0,42, 0,68, 1,08, 0,78 para o tratamento S1 e 0,41, 0,62, 0,92, 0,60 para o tratamento S5, mostrando que os Kc s obtidos para o nível S1 foram sempre maiores que os Kc s obtidos para o nível S5. Houve efeito significativo do nitrogênio sobre os componentes de produção, exceto para a massa media dos frutos totais e comerciais. A produtividade total e a comercial de frutos foram significativamente afetados pela qualidade da água de irrigação e pelas doses de nitrogênio
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Víceúčelová sportovní hala / Multifunctional sports hallHabarta, Michal January 2015 (has links)
Multifunctional sports hall designed as the local city sporting center. It’s including sport hall, pool hall,squash hall, and the parts including changing rooms, showers, toilets and technical equipment. The roofs are flat, the object has no cellar.
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Sportovně relaxační centrum / Sports and Relaxation CentreFlodrová, Helena January 2015 (has links)
Diploma thesis deals with new building sports and relaxation centre. Building is situated near Masaryk university campus in Brno-Bohunice. The building is two-storey, without cellar, set in a slightly sloping terrain at the back of the street Netroufalky. The building has two movement units. One unit contains sports hall and squash court and second unit contains cloakrooms, wellness part and administration. Structural system is cast-in-place concrete with masonry external wall of Porotherm. Internal wall are also from Porotherm. Sports hall with parabolic arch has steel structural system, that isn´t part of project. Curtain wall is covered with lamella Kalzip. Next to the building is parking place for clients.
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Novas observações sobre a proteção com estirpes fracas do Papaya ringspot virus - type W e do Zucchini yellow mosaic virus em plantas de abobrinha-de-moita / Further insights on the protection between strains of Papaya ringspot virus – type W and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in zucchini squash plantsFreitas, Debora Maria Sansini 20 July 2007 (has links)
O Papaya ringspot virus - type W (PRSV-W) e o Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) são as duas espécies de potyvírus que mais causam danos em cucurbitáceas no estado de São Paulo e no Brasil. Uma boa alternativa de controle para as doenças causadas por esses vírus é o emprego da premunização. O principal objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a competição por sítios de replicação como possível mecanismo de proteção entre a estirpe fraca PRSV-W-1 e a estirpe severa PRSV-W-C em plantas de abobrinha-de-moita. Além disso, procurou-se também conhecer o período mínimo necessário para a proteção de plantas de abobrinha-de-moita premunizadas com a estirpe fraca ZYMV-M, só e em dupla premunização com a estirpe fraca PRSV-W-1, para fornecer subsídios para o uso em condições de campo. O estudo da competição por sítios de replicação como mecanismo de proteção foi feito inoculando-se plantas de abobrinha-de-moita ‘Caserta‘ com a estirpe fraca PRSV-W-1 e desafiando-as com a estipe severa PRSV-W-C. As inoculações de proteção foram feitas nas folhas cotiledonares e as de desafio na folha nova verdadeira, e vice-versa, aos 3, 6 e 9 dias após a primeira inoculação. Plantas infectadas com a estirpe fraca e não desafiadas e plantas infectadas com a estirpe severa foram usadas como controles. As avaliações foram feitas com base na manifestação dos sintomas 30 dias após o desafio. Também foi feito teste de recuperação da estirpe desafiante e detecção desta por RT-PCR, com primers específicos, aos 8 dias após o desafio. Os resultados sugerem que, independente do local onde foi realizada a inoculação de proteção (folha cotiledonar ou folha nova expandida), de uma maneira geral parece haver alguns sítios livres para a superinfecção com a estirpe severa. Quando esta foi inoculada aos três dias após a proteção, ela se estabeleceu em algumas plantas, moveu-se sistemicamente e sobrepôs a estirpe fraca, uma vez que as plantas exibiram sintomas severos. Com o passar do tempo (seis e nove dias após a proteção), todas as plantas ficaram protegidas contra a expressão dos sintomas severos da estirpe desafiante, porém esta foi capaz de se estabelecer nas folhas inoculadas e até mesmo mover sistemicamente em algumas plantas. No caso da proteção com a estirpe fraca ZYMV-M, só ou em mistura com a estirpe fraca PRSV-W-1, contatou-se que plantas de abobrinha-de-moita premunizadas e desafiadas sete dias depois ficaram protegidas contra a infecção e/ou manifestação dos sintomas das respectivas estirpes severas usadas no desafio. / Papaya ringspot virus - type W (PRSV-W) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) are two potyviruses associated with severe yield losses on cucurbit crops in the State of São Paulo and other parts of the Brazilian territory. Preimmunization with mild strains has proved to be a good alternative for the control of both viruses in susceptible cultivars. The main purpose of this work was to evaluate the competition for infectable sites as a possible mechanism of cross protection between the mild strain PRSV-W-1 and the severe strain PRSV-W-C in zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo cv. Caserta). Protective inoculation with the mild strain was done at the cotyledon and the challenge inoculation with the severe strain was applied on the first true expanded leaf, and viceversa. Different plants were challenged at three, six and nine days, respectively. No challenge protected plants and healthy plants infected with the severe strain were used as controls. Evaluations were based on the expression of the symptoms at 30 days after challenge inoculation. Attempts to recover the challenge strain from challenge inoculated and new developed leaves were also done at eight days after challenge inoculation. RT-PCR with specific pairs of primers was also used to detect both stains in some of these samples. Regardless the leaf on which the protective strain was applied (cotyledon or first true expanded leaf) there appear to be some infectable sites available for superinfection with the severe strain. When the challenge inoculation was done at three days after preimmunization, the severe strain was able to superinfect some plants, move systemically and overcome the mild strain, since these plants expressed severe symptoms. All plants become protected against the expression of the symptoms induced by the severe strain when the challenge inoculation was done at six and nine days after preimmunization. However, the severe strain was still detected in the inoculated and upper leaves of few test-plants, eight days after challenge inoculation. In addition to this, it was also determined the period of time necessary to protect zucchini squash plants with a mild strain of ZYMV, named ZYMV-M, alone and in mixture with mild strain PRSV-W-1. The results indicated that single and double preimmunized plants were protected against infection and/or expression of the homologous severe strain seven days after protective inoculation.
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Caracterização biológica, sorológica e molecular de isolados brasileiros do vírus do mosaico amarelo da abobrinha / Biological, serological and molecular characterization of Brazilian isolates of Zucchini yellow mosaic virusSpadotti, David Marques de Almeida 23 November 2012 (has links)
O vírus do mosaico amarelo da abobrinha (Zucchini yellow mosaic virus - ZYMV) é provavelmente um dos mais dinâmicos e prejudiciais vírus emergentes de plantas. Desde sua primeira detecção na Itália e na França em 1973 e 1979, respectivamente, o ZYMV tem sido reportado em mais de 50 países variando de condições climáticas tropicais a temperadas em todos os continentes, exceto na Antártida. No Brasil esse potyvirus foi constatado primeiramente nos Estados de São Paulo e Santa Catarina, no início da década de 90 e posteriormente nos Estados do Ceará, da Bahia, do Rio Grande do Norte, do Pará, do Mato Grosso do Sul e do Maranhão. É provável que atualmente ocorra em todos os estados brasileiros onde se cultivam cucurbitáceas. Embora ocorra no Brasil há mais de 20 anos, pouco se conhece sobre as características biológicas, sorológicas e moleculares dos isolados até então encontrados no país. Esse projeto de pesquisa teve por objetivo cobrir parcialmente essa lacuna para fornecer subsídios para programas de melhoramento genético. Foram utilizados 11 isolados coletados em diversos estados brasileiros. A caracterização biológica consistiu no estudo da reação de diversas espécies vegetais inoculadas mecanicamente. A caracterização sorológico consistiu na marcação da proteína capsidial dos isolados com o antissoro policlonal contra o vírus. A caracterização molecular foi feita por meio da análise das sequências de nucleotídeos e aminoácidos deduzidos do gene da proteína capsidial dos isolados. A reação das espécies variou de acordo com o isolado inoculado. Análises de RFLP mostraram que a enzima de restrição Hpa II permitiu diferenciar o isolado fraco ZYMV-M da maioria dos isolados severos. O peso molecular da proteína capsidial dos isolados analisados foi em torno de 36 KDa, típico da proteína capsidial desse potyvirus. A identidade de nucleotídeos do gene da proteína capsidial entre os isolados brasileiros do ZYMV variou de 93% a 100% e a de aminoácidos deduzidos variou de 97% a 100%. Comparados com as sequências correspondentes de isolados do ZYMV de diferentes origens geográficas a identidade de nucleotídeos variou de 82% a 99%, enquanto a de aminoácidos deduzidos ficou entre 87% e 99%. Na árvore filogenética os isolados brasileiros do ZYMV pertencem ao grupo A, subdivisões I ou II, indicando uma variação entre os isolados. Nenhum evento de recombinação foi detectado nos isolados brasileiros. / Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is probably one of the most dynamics and economically important emerging plant viruses. Since it was first report in Italy and France in 1973 and 1979, respectively, ZYMV has been found in over than 50 countries ranging from tropical to temperate climate conditions in all continents, except in Antartida. In Brazil this potyvirus was first reported in the beginning of 90´s in São Paulo and Santa Catarina States, and then in Ceará, Bahia, Rio Grande do Norte, Pará, Mato Grosso do Sul and Maranhão states. Probably it occurs in all Brazilian states which grow cucurbit species. Although ZYMV occurs in Brazil for more than 20 years, there is little information about the biological, serological and molecular characteristics for the isolates found in the country. The purpose of this work was to cover partially this gap to provide subsidies for genetic breeding programs. Eleven isolates collected in several Brazilian states were used. The biological characterization consisted in the study of the reaction of several vegetal species mechanically inoculated with the virus. The serological characterization consisted in the identification of the molecular weight of the coat protein through western blot analysis. The molecular characterization was done by the analyses of nucleotides and deduced amino acids sequences for the coat protein gene. The host reaction showed slight variation according to the virus. RFLP analyses showed that restriction enzyme HpaII allowed differentiate the mild ZYMV-M isolate from the majority of severe isolates. The coat protein molecular weight for all studied isolates was about 36 KDa, typical of the coat protein of this potyvirus. The nucleotide identity of the coat protein gene among the ZYMV Brazilian isolates ranged from 93% to 100%, and the deduced amino acids sequences ranged from 97% to 100%. Compared to corresponding sequences of ZYMV isolates from different geographical locations the nucleotide sequences identity ranged from 82% to 99%, while the deduced amino acids sequences ranged from 87% to 99%. Phylogenetic analysis place the Brazilian isolates of ZYMV into the group A, subdivision I or II, showing some diversity between the isolates. No recombination event was detected in the Brazilian isolates.
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Processamento mínimo de abóbora (Cucurbita moschata Duch.): alterações fisiológicas, qualitativas e microbiológicas. / Minimally processing of squash (Cucurbita moschata Duch.): phisiologycal, qualitative and microbiological changes.Sasaki, Fabiana Fumi 17 June 2005 (has links)
O presente trabalho teve como objetivos determinar as respostas fisiológicas, qualitativas e microbiológicas após o processamento mínimo e desenvolver um fluxograma de preparo específico para abóboras minimamente processadas, para aumentar o tempo de conservação e minimizar as perdas de qualidade. No primeiro experimento foram avaliadas diferentes temperaturas de conservação na abóbora minimamente processada, foram realizadas análises de taxa respiratória, produção de etileno, qualitativas (físicas, químicas, físicoquímicas) e microbiológicas. No segundo experimento foram estudados diferentes tipos de corte para o processamento mínimo da abóbora. Neste experimento foram efetuadas as mesmas análises realizadas no primeiro experimento. No terceiro experimento foram avaliadas as influências de diferentes embalagens na qualidade e conservação das abóboras minimamente processadas. Neste experimento foram analisadas as concentrações de gases no interior das embalagens. Também foram realizadas análises qualitativas e microbiológicas. O quarto experimento consistiu na avaliação da efetividade de diferentes sanitizantes sobre a microflora das abóboras minimamente processadas, foram realizadas análises microbiológicas e qualitativas. E no quinto experimento foi testado um novo fluxograma de preparo, específico para as abóboras minimamente processadas. Obtido através dos resultados dos experimentos realizados anteriormente, foram realizadas análises qualitativas e microbiológicas para avaliar o novo fluxograma. A temperatura de 10oC apresentou maior taxa respiratória, produção de etileno, perda de massa e contagem de bactérias psicrotróficas. A temperatura de 5oC teve um comportamento semelhante a de 1ºC. O corte em retalhos mostrou as maiores produções de etileno, perda de massa, sólidos solúveis, ácido ascórbico e carotenóides totais, e a maior contagem de bactérias psicrotróficas. O corte de meia-rodela não diferiu significativamente do corte em cubo para a maioria dos parâmetros. Das embalagens testadas nenhuma se destacou efetivamente, porém ficou clara a importância da embalagem na redução da perda de massa. Todos os sanitizantes utilizados foram efetivos na redução de bactérias psicrotróficas, na eliminação de coliformes totais e coliformes a 45oC. O Dicloro Isocianurato de Sódio apresentou uma efetividade maior mantendo baixas contagens de bactérias psicrotróficas. O ácido acético e o ácido peracético provocaram perda da coloração e da firmeza dos pedaços de abóbora. Os resultados microbiológicos de todos o experimentos estavam dentro dos padrões da legislação atual. O novo fluxograma de preparo mostrou que as abóboras minimamente processadas têm um período de comercialização de 12 dias. O novo fluxograma desenvolvido é indicado para manutenção da qualidade por reduzir perdas nutricionais, diminuir a taxa respiratória e principalmente garantir a segurança alimentar do produto. / The present work was carried out with the objective of determinate the physiological, qualitative and microbiological answers after minimally processing and develop a flowchart of specific preparation to minimally processing squashes, to increase the conservation time and reduce the quality losses. Different temperatures of minimally processing squashes conservation were studied. Respiratory rate, ethylene production, qualitative (physical, chemical and physicochemical), and microbiological analyses were studied in the first experiment. In the second experiment different minimally processing squashes cut were studied. In a third experiment, different packages were study in alterations of quality and conservation of minimally processing squashes. The gas concentration inside packages was analyzed. Microbiological and qualitative analyses were carried out too. In the fourth experiment different sanitizers effect in microorganisms of minimally processing squashes were evaluated in respect to the microbiological and qualitative of product. Finally, in the fifth experiment a new flowchart of specific preparation to minimally processing squashes was evaluated. The flowchart was obtained with results of previous experiments. Qualitative and microbiological analyses were carried out to evaluate the new flowchart. The higher respiratory rate, ethylene production, weight loss and account of psychotropic bacteria were observed at 10ºC temperature. The 5ºC temperature had a similar behavior of 1ºC temperature. The higher productions of ethylene, weight loss, soluble solids, ascorbic acid and total carotenoids, besides the higher account of psychrotrophic bacteria, were observed in shredded squash. The middle-circle cut showed a similar behavior to the cube cut in respect to the majority of the parameters evaluated. No significant differences were observed in relation to the packages studied, but its use is very important to avoid weight loss. All sanitizer studied reduced psychrotrophic bacteria, having eliminated total coliforms count and coliforms at 45°C. Low count of psychrotrophic bacteria were observed using Sodium Isocianurate Dichlorine. Softening and color losses were observed in squashes peaces using acetic acid and peracetic acid. All experiments showed to be in actual legislation patterns in respect to the microbiological aspects. Minimally processing squashes can be stored up to 12 days under 5oC using the new flowchart. The new flowchart its indicated to guarantee the food safe, to reduce respiratory rate and nutritional losses, beside to keep quality of produce.
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Epidemiologia comparativa de três viroses em abobrinha de moita (Cucurbita pepo L.) / Comparative epidemiology of three viruses on zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.)Moreira, Alécio Souza 27 January 2011 (has links)
A abobrinha de moita (Cucurbita pepo L.), espécie pertencente à família Cucurbitaceae, apresenta significativa participação na produção mundial e brasileira desta família de plantas. Porém, como em toda cultura de importância econômica, as cucurbitáceas apresentam problemas fitossanitários causados por diferentes agentes etiológicos. Na produção brasileira de abóboras, já foi constatada a presença de 8 vírus, dentre eles os potyvirus PRSV-W (Papaya ringspot virus-type W) e ZYMV (Zucchini yellow mosaic virus) e o tospovirus ZLCV (Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus) têm sido considerados os mais importantes pela predominância em diversas regiões produtoras de cucurbitáceas no país e pelos consideráveis prejuízos que geralmente causam à produção. Considerando que a maioria dos estudos epidemiológicos existentes sobre estas três viroses são poucos e fragmentados, percebe-se que não há estudos que abordam em conjunto todos os parâmetros epidemiológicos de tais vírus. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram estudar o progresso temporal e espacial destas três viroses e verificar a relação entre a epidemiologia das mesmas em campo de abobrinha de moita, além de melhor entender o patossistema em que a clorose letal (causada pelo ZLCV) está inserida Para isso, foram conduzidos experimentos com abobrinha de moita Caserta nos campos experimentais dos Departamentos de Fitopatologia e Nematologia (DFN) e Departamento de Genética (DGN) da Esalq/USP. Primeiramente foram conduzidos em 2009 dois experimentos simultâneos nas áreas do DFN e DGN para estudar a epidemiologia isolada da clorose letal acompanhada da dinâmica populacional do tripes Frankliniella zucchini, vetor deste vírus. Em seguida, em épocas diferentes 3 experimentos foram conduzidos em 2010 com o intuito de comparar as epidemiologias da clorose letal e dos mosaicos comum e amarelo, estes últimos causados por PRSV-W e ZYMV, respectivamente. Nos experimentos apenas com a clorose letal no ano de 2009, o modelo monomolecular foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados de incidência e através das análises espaciais detectou-se agregação da doença ao final dos dois experimentos. Nos 3 experimentos realizados em 2010, variações na incidência, no ajuste do modelo e no comportamento espacial de cada virose foram freqüentes. Para a clorose letal, o modelo monomolecular ofereceu melhor ajuste apenas na 3ª época de plantio. Nas duas primeiras o modelo gompertz apresentou maior coeficiente de determinação. No comportamento espacial, novamente agregação da doença foi detectada ao final do ciclo da cultura. Para o mosaico amarelo, os modelos que melhores se ajustaram na 1ª, 2ª e 3ª épocas de plantio, foram o logístico e o monomolecular (este nas duas últimas), respectivamente. O padrão espacial desta doença foi ao acaso quando da baixa incidência da doença e agregado nos casos em que elevada incidência ocorreu. Já o mosaico comum apresentou a menor incidência nas 3 épocas. O modelo logístico foi o que melhor se ajustou em todas as épocas e a doença apresentou comportamento espacial ao acaso nos três experimentos. Nos levantamentos do tripes vetor do ZLCV, verificou-se preferência do mesmo por plantas sintomáticas e consideráveis correlações do número de insetos coletados com a incidência da clorose letal. / The zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, has a good share of world and brazilian output. However, as in every plants of economically important, cucurbits have problems caused by different etiological agents. In the Brazilian production of zucchini squash, already confirmed the presence of 8 viruses, including the potyviruses PRSV-W (Papaya ringspot virus-type W) and ZYMV (Zucchini yellow mosaic virus) and the tospovirus ZLCV (Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus) have been considered the most important viruses by the predominance in several cucurbits producing regions in the Brazil and the considerable damage on production. Whereas the most of the existing epidemiological studies about these three viruses are few and fragmented, it is clear that there are no studies that deal together all the epidemiological parameters of such viruses. The objectives of this work were to study the temporal and spatial progress of these three viruses and the relation between the epidemiology of these viruses in the same field of zucchini squash in addition to better understand the lethal chlorosis pathosystem (caused by ZLCV). Trials were carried out with zucchini squash \'Caserta in the experimental fields of the Departments of Plant Pathology and Nematology (DPP) and Department of Genetics (DGN) at Esalq/USP. The firsts were conducted in 2009 simultaneously in DPP and DGN to study the epidemiology of lethal chlorosis only and to study the population dynamic of thrips Frankliniella zucchini, the vector of this virus. In 2010 three experiments were carried out in different growing seasons in order to compare the epidemiology of the lethal chlorosis, yellow mosaic and common mosaic caused by ZLCV, PRSV-W and ZYMV, respectively. In the experiments with the lethal chlorosis in 2009, the monomolecular model was the best fit to the incidence data and spatial analysis indicated aggregation of the disease at the end of both experiments. In three experiments carried out in 2010, variations in incidence, in the fit of the model and in the spatial distribution of each virus were frequents. For lethal chlorosis, the monomolecular model provided a better fit only in the 3rd growing season. In the first and second growing seasons Gompertz model had the best coefficient of determination. In the spatial distribution, aggregation of disease was detected at the end of the crop cycle again. For yellow mosaic, the models that best fit in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd planting dates were the logistic and monomolecular (this in the last two) respectively. The spatial pattern of this disease were randomly when the disease incidence was low and aggregated when the disease incidence was high. The common mosaic had the lowest incidence in all three seasons. The logistic model was the best fit in all growing seasons and the disease showed a spatial random distribuctions in all experiments. The thrips vector of ZLCV prefer symptomatic plants and good correlations between the number of insects collected with the incidence of lethal chlorosis was found.
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