Sistemas de freio automotivos são frequentemente suscetíveis a gerarem ruídos de alta frequência como resultado de uma vibração autoexcitada. Este fenômeno é genericamente nominado squeal noise e constitui o tema de diversos estudos publicados com o intuito de identificar e descrever seu mecanismo de excitação e de propor alternativas para evitar sua ocorrência. Um ponto fundamental que ainda não foi completamente explorado sobre a geração de tal fenômeno constitui-se da relação entre as propriedades do material de fricção e a propensão à ocorrência de squeal noise. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um número adimensional obtido através de análise dimensional (teorema de Buckingham) capaz de relacionar a ocorrência de squeal noise as quatro principais propriedades dos compósitos de fricção: dureza, tamanho de partícula e concentração do abrasivo utilizado na formulação, além de sua compressibilidade. Resultados experimentais foram obtidos a partir de ensaios desenvolvidos com seis diferentes materiais de fricção nos quais a concentração ou dureza ou tamanho de partícula foi alterada de modo a oportunizar a identificação do impacto destas variáveis sobre a ocorrência de squeal noise. A ocorrência de ruídos foi verificada através da aplicação de um método de ensaio em dinamômetro inercial especialmente desenvolvido a um conjunto de amostras dos materiais de fricção moldados a pastilhas de freio e aplicados a um sistema de freio a disco convencional. Os resultados obtidos validaram o número adimensional proposto (índice de excitação 2) na medida em que foi possível estabelecer sua relação com a ocorrência de ruídos verificada experimentalmente através de uma equação logarítmica (R²=0,9). Foi estabelecida também uma relação entre o aumento do coeficiente de atrito, em função da redução da velocidade de escorregamento, e o aumento da ocorrência de squeals. Uma breve investigação a respeito da relevância da rigidez de contato sobre o comportamento vibroacústico do sistema de freio também é conduzida, tendo sido demonstrado que o aumento da magnitude desta propriedade reduz a ocorrência de ruídos do tipo squeal. / Automotive brake systems are very often susceptible to generate high frequency noise as a result of a self excited vibration. This phenomenon is generically nominated brake squeal noise and is the subject of many studies which intend to identify and describe its exciting mechanism and to propose counter measures to avoid its occurrence. One key subject yet to be explored about squeal noise generation is the relation between friction material properties and its occurrence propensity. This work presents the development of an adimentional number obtained by dimensional analysis (Buckingham theorem) capable to relate the squeal noise occurrence with four main properties from the friction composite: abrasive hardness, particle size and concentration and also its compressibility. Experimental results were obtained by testing six different friction material formulations, in which the concentration of abrasive or its hardness or its particle size was altered in order to explore the impact of these variables on the squeal noise occurrence. The noise generation was accessed by testing the friction materials molded to brake pads using a standard disc brake system in an inertial dynamometer under a specially developed test procedure. The obtained results validated the proposed adimentional number (excitation index 2) since was possible to establish a logarithmic equation (R²=0,9) relating it to the squeal noise occurrence verified on the conduced tests. It was also established a relation between the friction coefficient increase, as a function of the sliding speed reduction, with the increase on squeal noise occurrence. A brief investigation about the relevance of the contact stiffness to the vibroacustic behavior of the brake systems was developed, showing that higher values of this property can reduce the squeal noise generation.

Orientadores: Renato Pavanello, Janito Vaqueiro Ferreira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T21:02:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oehlmeyer_AlbertoKury_M.pdf: 8739503 bytes, checksum: ddb3ab5d5e0619a4b4d24a8b7f30f563 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Entender, modelar e mitigar os problemas de ruído de freio a disco ainda e um dos grandes desafios da indústria automotiva. E importante para fabricantes e fornecedores predizer o ruído de freios automotivos ainda na fase de projeto. O Squeal e um ruído de freio em uma faixa de freqüência entre 1 e 15 kHz, e pode ser definido como uma vibração auto-excitada em um problema de atrito, que pode gerar instabilidades. Este trabalho resume como modelar e validar um modelo para predizer o Squeal, bem como fazer uma analise paramétrica do modelo. Este trabalho pode ser dividido em 3 partes conforme a idealização adotada: um modelo de 2 graus de liberdade, um modelo de 5 graus de liberdade, e um modelo de elementos finitos. O primeiro e usado para explicar uma instabilidade divergente, e o segundo para explicar e encontrar uma instabilidade vibracional. Então, o modelo numérico é criado, composto por disco e pastilhas. O atrito e incorporado usando o modelo de Coulomb, com elementos discretos entre as áreas de contato, considerando malhas conformes entre os corpos. Essas molas formam uma matriz de rigidez não-simétrica, tornando a matriz de rigidez global também nao-simétrica e gerando autovalores complexos. As freqüências instáveis são definidas pela parte real do autovalor. Se a parte real for positiva, então o sistema é instável. Finalmente uma analise paramétrica e realizada para se demonstrar a influência de alguns parâmetros nos autovalores / Abstract: To understand, model and mitigate disc brake noise is still one of the greatest challenges for the automotive industry. It is substantially important for manufacturers and suppliers to predict the disc brake noise in a design phase. Squeal is a brake noise in the 1-15 kHz frequency range, and can be defined as a self-excited friction problem, which can generate instabilities. This work comprises how to design and validate a model to predict Squeal, as well as a parametric analysis of such model. This work can be divided in 3 parts: a 2 degree of freedom model, a 5 degree of freedom model, and a finite element model. The first one is used to explain a divergent instability, and the second one to explain and find flutter instability. Then the numeric model is created with a rotor and two pads. The friction is incorporated using the Coulomb model, with spring elements between the contact areas, using mapped and conform meshes. These spring elements form a non-symmetric stiffness matrix, thus the global stiffness matrix will be non-symmetric and yield complex eigenvalues. The unstable frequencies are found through the real part of the eigenvalues. If the real part is positive, then the system is unstable. Finally, a parametric analysis is carried out to depict the influence of some parameters in the eigenvalues / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Ce mémoire présente une étude expérimentale et numérique sur le crissement du contact verre/élastomère lubrifié à l’eau, avec pour application le bruit des essuie-glaces. Le crissement provient d’une vibration auto-entretenue de l’échantillon d’élastomère sur l’un de ses modes. Des expériences menées à vitesse stabilisée montrent qu’il existe trois régimes de frottement. À basses vitesses, le frottement est constant et élevé malgré le lubrifiant : c’est le régime limite. À hautes vitesses, la formation d’un film hydrodynamique assure un frottement faible. La transition a lieu à des vitesses intermédiaires où le frottement décroît fortement avec la vitesse de glissement : c’est le régime mixte. On observe que la vibration auto-entretenue n’apparaît que durant le régime mixte. Un modèle masse-ressort-amortisseur à un degré de liberté permet de rendre compte de ces observations : le système est instable lorsque la pente du coefficient de frottement avec la vitesse est négative et supérieure à un seuil relié à l’amortissement interne de l’élastomère. L’instabilité est de type stick-slip et son apparition est bien prédite quantitativement par ce critère de stabilité. Le mécanisme générant l’instabilité est donc d’origine tribologique et sa compréhension requiert un examen approfondi du contact au cours de la transition. Les observations directes du contact par microscopie montrent que le contact élastomère/verre lubrifié est hétérogène et composé d’une multitude de spots. On divise le contact en trois familles : les spots de contact sec (sans aucun film d’eau entre l’élastomère et le verre), le contact intermédiaire caractérisé par un mince film d’eau entre l’élastomère et le verre, et une zone totalement lubrifiée. On propose une loi de frottement de type additive prenant en compte la contribution de ces trois familles. La composante de frottement sec est proportionnelle à l’aire des spots secs. Une composante d’origine capillaire, causée par la présence de ponts capillaires dans le contact, est proportionnelle au périmètre du contact intermédiaire. La composante hydrodynamique est toujours négligeable. / This thesis presents a study about the squeal noise induced by a lubricated elastomer/glass contact. The industrial application of this work, based on experimental and numerical approaches, is the wiper blade squeal noise. The hearing squeal noise is caused by a self-induced vibration of the elastomer sampled on one of its mode. Experiments produced for different sliding speeds reveal three regimes of friction. At low speeds, friction coefficient is constant and high : this is the boundary regime. For high speeds, the forming of an hydrodynamic film between the elastomer and the glass induces a low friction coefficient. The transition occurs for intermediate speeds for which the friction strongly decreases with the sliding speed : this is the mixed regime. One observes that the self-induced vibration is present only during the mixed regime. A model, based on a single degree-of-freedom mass-spring-damper oscillator submitted to a velocity-dependent frictional force, allows to understand these observations : the system is unstable when the variation of the friction coefficient according to the sliding velocity is negative and higher than a threshold depending on the elastomer intrinsic material damping. The instability is stick-slip kind, and its occurrence is well predicted using this stability criterion. Thus the origin of the instability is tribological and its full understanding needs the consideration of the contact evolution during the transition. Direct contact observations by microscope show that the lubricated elastomer/glass contact is heterogenous and composed of a multitude of spots. The contact is divided in three families : dry contact spots (without any lubricated water film between elastomer and glass), the intermediate contact defined by a thin film layer between elastomer and glass, and a totally lubricated zone. Using these three kinds of contact spots, an additive friction law is established. Friction component associated with dry contact depends on dry spots area. Intermediate contact generates capillary force, caused by the presence of capillary bridges in the contact. The associated force depends on the intermediate contact perimeter. The hydrodynamic component is always negligible.

Le crissement de frein résulte d’une instabilité vibratoire du système de freinage induite par le frottement des garnitures sur le disque. Ce phénomène se traduit par des bruits hautes fréquences, de 1kHz à 20kHz, et pouvant atteindre des niveaux de 110dB. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’enrichir la filière de simulation actuelle afin de mieux prédire ce phénomène. La taille grandissante des modèles de calcul est aujourd’hui un frein à l’utilisation de méthodes, plus complexes que la classique analyse de stabilité et coûteuses en temps de calcul. De plus, ces modèles ne rendent pas compte du comportement viscoélastique de certains composants. Dans un premier temps, l’analyse expérimentale du crissement nous permet d’identifier les points clés de la modélisation du phénomène. Ensuite, une stratégie de réduction de la taille des modèles, via la réduction de l’interface de contact et la génération de super-élément est mise au point. Puis, une méthode d’implémentation du comportement viscoélastique dans les calculs de stabilité est proposée. Enfin, une analyse de sensibilité est menée afin d’identifier les paramètres fortement influents sur l’estimation des instabilités. / Brake squeal is due to a vibrational instability of the brake system induced by the friction between the pads and the disc. It results in a high frequency noise of 1kHz to 20kHz, up to 110 dB. The objective of this thesis is to enrich the current numerical process to better predict the squeal noise. The growing size of the numerical models is now an obstacle to the use of methods, more complex than the conventional stability analysis, but time consuming. Moreover, these models do not take into account the viscoelastic behavior of some component. First, the experimental analysis of squeal allows us to identify the key points of the modeling of brake squeal. Then, a strategy in order to minimize the size of the model, thanks to the reduction of the contact interface and super-element generation is developed. Then, a method for integrating viscoelastic behaviour in stability analysis is proposed. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to identify highly influential parameters on the estimation of instabilities.

This Diploma Thesis is dedicated to solve the source of noise, observed during braking processes on tested vehicle, called Gouki noise and has been worked out in corporation with Federal Mogul company. The aim of this work to create test methology, which allows to experimentally detect the source of undesirable noise and eventually suggest next steps in its prevention.

The paper overviews the modes of vibration of the principal component parts of a brake and their contribution to system instability during noise generation. It is shown that both in-plane and out-of-plane vibration is present and that both can be related to the vibration of the pad. It is further shown that the pad and its region often provide a solution or 'fix' towards noise prevention and it is this area that forms the focus of this investigation. The collective evidence, proposals and associated theory are applied to real brake case studies when it is demonstrated that disc/pad interface 'spragging' may be the source of brake noise. Measurements of the position of the dynamic centre of pressure (CoP) support the theoretical predictions that a leading CoP induces brake noise. Design proposals are suggested that may be applied early in the design phase as a means to reduce the propensity of a brake to generate noise.

Ce travail s’intéresse à la modélisation de la variabilité des surfaces frottantesde garnitures de freins automobile et a pour objectif principal d’améliorer lesmodèles éléments finis de prédiction d’instabilités dynamiques conduisant au crissement. La variabilité est étudiée au sens de la description et de l’évolution des surfaces en contact. Une analyse statistique expérimentale de plusieurs plaquettes, soumises à quatre programmes d’usure différents, permet de construire une description non déterministe des surfaces en contact. Cette description fait intervenir soit des champs aléatoires pour la représentation de la topographie des surfaces, soit des paramètres aléatoires dans les lois de contact, pour tenir compte de la variabilité au niveau structurel et tribologique. Un modèle de frottementlocal intégrant la dépendance à la pression, la température et la vitesse de glissement est proposé. Une première simulation montre que la modélisation permet d’obtenir des distributions de pression réalistes. La méthodologie proposée est ensuite évaluée sur deux systèmes de freinage industriels présentant des comportements au crissement différents. Les résultats de campagnes d’essais vibratoires et acoustiques préalables, par vibrométrie Laser et holographie acoustique, permettent de vérifier et d’ajuster la qualité des modèles éléments finis de ces systèmes. L’impact de la variabilité des surfaces sur le crissement est observé sur banc d’essais puis simulé par l’analyse fréquentielle. Les comparaisons confirment que la méthodologie permet de vérifier l’impact de l’évolution de l’interface plaquette-disque sur le comportement crissant de systèmes de freinage complexes. / This work concerns the modelling of the variability of automotive brake liningsurfaces, and has for main purpose the improvement of the predictive aspect of finite element model dealing with the study of dynamic instabilities leading to squeal. The study of the variability is done considering the description and the evolution of the surfaces in contact. An experimental statistical analysis of several brake pads, following four different wear programs, allows the development of a non-deterministic description of the surfaces in contact. This description brings into play either random fields for the modelling of the surfaces topography modelling, or random parameters for the modelling of contact laws, lining structure and tribological behaviour. A local rubbing model considering pressure, temperature and slipping velocity is suggested. Moreover, realistic pressure distributions are achieved. Afterwards, the method given is assessed for two different industrial braking systems, with two different squeal behaviours. The results of a preliminary vibratory and acoustic series of tests, by means of Laser vibrometry and acoustic holography, allow to check and to adjust the quality of the finite element models. The consequences of the surfaces variability on the squeal is examined on test benches, and then simulated with the frequency analysis method. Comparisons with experimental results confirm the capacity of the methodology to analysis the impact of the pad-to-disc interface evolutions on the squealing behaviour of complex brake systems. The methodology capacity for checking the impact of the pad-disc interface evolution on the squeal behaviour of complex braking systems is confirmed by comparisons.

Automotive parts may be the cause of very annoying friction-induced noise and the source of many customer complaints. Indeed, when a wiper operates on a windshield, vibratory phenomena may appear due to flutter instabilities and may generate squeal noise. As squeal noise generated by wiper system is a random and complex phenomenon, there are only few studies dealing with the wiper noise. The complexity of this phenomenon is due to the cinematic of the movement and to the various environmental parameters which have an influence on the appearance of the noise. This master thesis is a research and development project and presents a numerical simulation methodology used in the aim to reduce and eradicate squeal noise of wiper systems.  In the first part, the finite element model representing a wiper system and the numerical simulation methodology will be presented in detail. In the second part, stability analysis will be carried out in nominal studies and in designs of experiments. Parametric studies will also be achieved to understand the behavior and the influence of each considered input parameters. Two wiper blades, with the same geometry but with different material, will be considered for the different studies. These two wiper blades will be examined to figure out when squeal noises appear.

Les freins aéronautiques sont soumis à des instabilités vibratoires induites par le frottement. Il en résulte des vibrations qui présentent un risque pour la structure du frein et de l’atterrisseur et posent des problèmes d’intégration. Safran Landing Systems doit donc répondre à des spécifications avionneurs strictes sur les niveaux des vibrations générées par son équipement. Le respect de ces spécifications est actuellement contrôlé par la réalisation d’essais de freinage longs et coûteux. L’objectif de ces travaux de recherche est de reproduire numériquement ces phénomènes vibratoires via des outils intégrables au processus de conception d’un frein. Le crissement de frein, bien qu’il soit l’objet de recherches depuis le début du XXe siècle, demeure un phénomène assez mal compris, notamment dans l’aéronautique. Des vibrations instables apparaissent régulièrement sur l’ensemble de la plage fréquentielle 0-2 kHz. Au cours de la dernière décennie, une instabilité vibratoire vers 200 Hz dénommée whirl 2 s’est manifestée de manière récurrente et souvent critique sur la plupart des nouveaux freins développés. On cherche donc à mettre en place une méthode permettant de simuler l’apparition et les amplitudes des instabilités vibratoires, notamment du mode de whirl 2. Dans une première partie, on présente des analyses d’essais vibratoires réalisés en conditions opérationnelles et expérimentales. On décrit ensuite la modélisation par la méthode des éléments finis du frein instable au sens de Lyapunov. La stabilité du système linéarisé est étudiée et on montre une corrélation en fréquence et déformée entre le modèle et les essais. Ce modèle éléments finis est trop volumineux en l’état pour permettre la simulation d’amplitudes de vibrations non linéaires. On propose donc dans une seconde partie deux méthodes de réduction adaptées à l’architecture complexe d’un système de freinage aéronautique et permettant la prise en compte du frottement. La première est une méthode semi-analytique qui se révèle très performante jusqu’à 500 Hz. La seconde méthode de réduction mise en oeuvre est la double synthèse modale. Elle est implémentée dans sa version classique, puis une amélioration est proposée avec succès : la double synthèse modale complexe. La troisième partie est consacrée à l’étude de la dynamique non linéaire du whirl 2 par la réalisation d’intégrations temporelles. La simulation des amplitudes de vibration nécessite la prise en compte réaliste du comportement non linéaire du frein. Or, on fait d’abord le constat que, contrairement à une hypothèse communément admise, les non-linéarités de contact situées aux interfaces frottantes ne suffisent pas à expliquer à elles seules la saturation des amplitudes vibratoires constatée expérimentalement. La recherche des phénomènes physiques non linéaires influents nous amène a considérer l’interaction de la structure vibrante avec le circuit hydraulique de commande du frein. La modélisation du couplage hydrodynamique fournit alors des éléments de compréhension inédits et permet de formuler des règles de conception. Enfin on étudie l’impact du frottement sec dans les contacts périphériques des disques de freinage avec la structure. Ce phénomène, jusque là négligé, apparaît largement prépondérant. Des études d’influences, présentant une bonne corrélation avec les essais, permettent de mettre en évidence de manière robuste l’influence du design et des scénarios de freinage sur les amplitudes vibratoires. / These vibrations are a threat for the brake and landing-gear structural integrity and represent an issue in terms of integration. Thus Safran Landing Systems has to comply with aircraft manufacturers’ strict requirements on the vibration amplitude its product is likely to generate. Compliance to these requirements is assessed by long and costly braking test campaigns. The objective of the research presented here is to reproduce by simulation the brake dynamic instabilities with numerical tools that could be integrated in the design process. Brake squeal has been a research topic since the early XXth century. However it remains a rather ill-understood phenomenon, especially in aeronautics. Unstable vibrations regularly appear on the whole 0-2kHz frequency spectrum. In the last decade, an instability located around 200 Hz called whirl 2 persistently appeared on the newly developed wheel and brake assemblies, sometimes exhibiting critical vibration amplitudes. Consequently, Safran Landing Systems wishes to develop numerical tools able to simulate both the occurrence and the amplitudes associated with friction-induced instabilities, especially with the whirl 2 mode. In the first part of this report, an experimental analysis of the brake is conducted, on both laboratory and in operational set-ups. The modelling of the wheel and brake assembly using the finite element method is then described. The system stability in a Lyapunov’s sense is studied and shows good correlation in both frequencies and mode shapes with the experiments. This finite element model is too big to be used to perform the transient simulation of the nonlinear amplitudes. In the second part, two reduction methods, tailored to the complex aircraft brakes architectures, are thus presented. The first method is a semi-analytical. It shows excellent performances up to 500 Hz. The second reduction method is the double modal synthesis, implemented under its classical version. It is then successfully improved and called "complex double modal synthesis". The third part is dedicated to the study of the nonlinear dynamics of the whirl 2 through transient analyses. The nonlinear amplitudes simulation requires taking into account the relevant nonlinear brake behavior. However, it is first observed that, contrary to a commonly accepted hypothesis, the contact nonlinearities located at the friction interfaces cannot single-handedly account for the vibration amplitudes saturation observed in the tests. The need to identify the relevant physical phenomena leads then to consider the interaction between the squealing brake structure and its hydraulic command circuit. The modelling of the hydro-mechanical coupling provides an unprecedented insight and allows to prescribe design rules. Finally, we study the impact of dry friction in the peripheral contacts between the braking discs and the structure. This phenomenon, neglected until now, appears to have a major influence. Sensitivity studies exhibit a good correlation with tests, allowing to highlight, in a robust manner, the impact of brake design and braking scenarii on the nonlinear vibration amplitudes.

Le crissement de frein est une nuisance sonore récurrente dans l’automobile qui, bien qu’il n’existe pas de solution robuste lors de la conception, se traduit souvent par des pénalités économiques envers les équipementiers. La simulation numérique et les caractérisations expérimentales sont les deux voies classiques pour analyser les phénomènes crissants. La simulation permet une analyse fine des comportements vibratoires et l’évaluation de l’impact de modifications de conception, mais les modèles sont imparfaits et leur domaine de validité doit être établi. La mesure garantit que tous les paramètres sont pris en compte, mais elle est souvent spatialement pauvre et peu adaptée à la prédiction de modifications. Dans ce contexte, les objectifs de la thèse sont de faire un bilan des méthodes d’exploitation des essais, de fournir des outils permettant une interaction facilitée entre les équipes d’essai et de simulation et de mettre en œuvre les développements dans une application métier.Après un rappel sur les hypothèses et les méthodes pour l’identification modale, une analyse critique des résultats d’identification aboutit à la caractérisation des biais et à l’introduction de critères détaillés permettant d’évaluer la qualité du résultat. La corrélation calcul/essai permet de qualifier les modèles et des outils sont intégrés pour faciliter sa mise en œuvre. Plusieurs critères sont définis pour mettre en évidence les sources de mauvaise corrélation venant de la mesure d’une part et du modèle d’autre part. Les sources de mauvaise corrélation sont également identifiées avec l’algorithme d’expansion MDRE, dont les limitations sont comparées à celles des expansions statiques et dynamiques.Le recalage des modèles est ensuite traité par une procédure systématique imbriquant les étapes de recalage de la géométrie, des propriétés matériau et des contacts entre composants. Une paramétrisation du contact est proposée avec une réduction multi-modèle permettant des temps de calculs compatibles avec le temps industriel. Elle permet également des études de sensibilités avec l’introduction de la notion de modes de composant dans un assemblage.Une analyse détaillée d’une campagne de mesure sur un système de frein en conditions crissantes est enfin réalisée. Un parallèle entre les évolutions du cycle limite et le degré de couplage des modes complexes est proposé. Dans le domaine temps-fréquence, la variabilité, la répétabilité, la reproductibilité et la possibilité d’agréger des mesures séquentielles sont évaluées. Le résultat obtenu est finalement étendu sur le modèle éléments finis, ce qui permet des interprétations utiles. / Brake squeal is a nuisance commonly encountered in the car industry which often results in financial penalties towards brake manufacturers, even if no robust solution exists for the conception. Numerical simulation and experimental characterizations are the classical two-track approaches to analyze squeal phenomena. Numerical simulation allows a fine analysis of vibration behaviors and the evaluation of conception modification impacts, but models are not perfect and their validity domain must be defined. Measurement guarantees that every parameter is taken into account, but it is often spatially poor and not really suited for modification prediction. In this context, the thesis objectives are to make an overview of test operating methods, to provide tools allowing an easier interaction between both test and simulation teams and to enforce the developments in a business application.After a review of the hypotheses and methods for modal identification, a critical analysis of the identification results leads to the characterization of biases and the introduction of detailed criteria to evaluate the quality of the result. Calculation/test correlation allows to qualify the models and tools are integrated to facilitate its implementation. Several criteria are defined to highlight the sources of bad correlation coming from the measure on the one hand and the model on the other hand. Sources of poor correlation are also identified with the MDRE expansion algorithm, whose limitations are compared with those of static and dynamic expansions.Model updating is then processed by a systematic procedure imbricating the steps of updating of geometry, material properties and contacts between components. A contact parametrization is proposed with a multi-model reduction allowing calculation times compatible with industrial time. It also allows sensitivity studies with the introduction of the notion of component modes in an assembly.Finally, a detailed analysis of a measurement campaign on a braking system under squeal conditions is carried out. A parallel between the changes of the limit cycle and the degree of coupling of the complex modes is proposed. In the time-frequency domain, variability, repeatability, reproducibility and the ability to aggregate sequential measurements are evaluated. The result is finally extended on the finite element model, which allows useful interpretations.