Porous metal phosphonate framework materials were synthesised by solvothermal reaction of bis(α-aminomethylenephosphonic acid) ligands with divalent and trivalent metal cations. The syntheses and characterisation by NMR and, where possible, single crystal X-ray diffraction of seven bisphosphonic acid ligands, including N,N′-piperazinebis(methylenephosphonic acid) (H₄L), its racemic and enantiopure (R) 2-methyl (H₄L′ and R-H₄L′) and 2,5-dimethyl (H₄L′′) derivatives, and N,N′-4,4′-bipiperidinebis(methylenephosphonic acid) (H₄LL) are reported. Syntheses of the known phase Y₂(LH₂)₃·5H₂O and the new phases, STA-13(Y) (St Andrews microporous material No. 13) and Y₂(R-L′H₂)₃·4H₂O, from reactions of Y(AcO)₃ with H₄L, H₄L′ and R-H₄L′ respectively are reported. The as-prepared and dehydrated structures of each phase have been determined from either laboratory or synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data. Reaction of Y(AcO)₃ and H₄L′′ is shown to form a phase with a different structure. The features determining which structure crystallises are discussed. Syntheses of other rare-earth forms of STA-13 (Sc³⁺, Gd³⁺–Yb³⁺) and the porosity of each phase to N₂ are reported. STA-13(Y) is the most porous form with loadings of ∼3 mmol g⁻¹ and ∼4 mmol g⁻¹ for N₂ and CO₂ respectively. MIL-91(Fe) was synthesised for the first time from reactions of Fe³⁺ cations with H₄L. Its structure was confirmed by Rietveld refinement, but it was not porous. The first syntheses of [Fe₄L₁.₅(AcO)₁.₅(OH,H₂O)₃]·0.5NH₄5.5H₂O (L= L or L′) are reported, from reactions of H₄L or H₄L′ in the presence of an excess of Fe³⁺ cations. The phase is related to a previously reported Co phase. The synthesis of divalent metal bisphosphonate STA-12(Mg) (Mg₂(H₂O)₂L·5.6H₂O) was reported for the first time and its structure determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction. The dehydration behaviour of this material was compared with the known forms of STA-12. STA-12(Mg) is porous to both N₂ (∼5.5 mmol g⁻¹) and CO₂ (~ 8.5 mmol g⁻¹). Reaction of H₄LL with Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ gave two materials isoreticular with STA-12, labelled STA-16(Co) and STA-16(Ni). The structures of both materials were solved from synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data. On dehydration, STA-16(Co) undergoes a reversible structural transition to an unknown structure. By contrast, STA-16(Ni) retains the same symmetry in the dehydrated form and its structure was determined from synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data. Both materials are porous to N₂, with an uptake of up to 22.2 mmol g⁻¹, and CO₂ with maximum loading of 21.7 mmol g⁻¹. NLDFT analysis of N₂ adsorption data confirm the crystallographically determined pore radii. Syntheses of other frameworks with divalent cations and initial reactions of H₄LL with trivalent cations are also reported.

No description available.

L’obiettivo principale di questo lavoro di tesi consiste nell’individuazione dei sistemi compositivi metrico-musicali delle Cantigas de Santa Maria. La struttura di tale ricerca verte sul recupero del senso grammaticale della materia melodica e sull’identificazione di formule e motivi musicali attraverso un sistema classificatorio che permette la comparazione melodica tra i componimenti. Consideriamo il sistema di composizione del repertorio alfonsino come prodotto di un processo di creazione basato sulla confluenza di strategie proprie dei repertori concepiti e trasmessi oralmente. In conformità a tale principio, abbiamo elaborato un sistema di classificazione melodica che utilizza criteri di ordinamento basati sull’individuazione di uguaglianze e somiglianze melodiche: sistema che ha permesso l’individuazione delle principali formule ricorrenti nel repertorio. I criteri di ordinamento dei componimenti alfonsini traggono ispirazione dal sistema di classificazione melodica riprodotto nei Tonari liturgici, libri che, attraverso l’ordinamento per divisio dei canti, sono rivelatori del processo di composizione, trasmissione e conservazione. Attenendoci a questi criteri, proponiamo una classificazione melodica che riflette una realtà manoscritta unica: quella del codice b.I.2 de El Escorial (códice de los músicos). I sistemi di composizione, infine, sono stati valutati in comparazione con quelli della produzione tropistica in considerazione degli scambi e relazioni tra i due universi poetico-musicali. L’analisi comparatistica ha permesso, altresì, il riconoscimento d’interessanti casi d’imitazione di modelli liturgici e melodie-tipo che evocano determinati e riconoscibili contesti narrativi. Secondo quanto emerge da questo studio, il processo di costruzione che si basa sulla combinazione tra il recupero mnemonico e la ricreazione del materiale evocato avviene nella fase di adattamento al contesto narrativo, con l’ausilio di strategie che da un lato garantiscono la stabilità della struttura melodica ripristinata e dall’altro assicurano una funzione destabilizzante che permette la disgregazione del materiale preesistente. La funzione stabilizzante è correlata alla coesione modale degli elementi formulari, che non opera come forza coercitiva, quanto piuttosto come guida alle facoltà mnemotecniche di rielaborazione melodica. La valutazione dei componimenti nella dimensione legata all’atto della loro profération, come prodotti che esistono solo nel momento in cui si manifestano, determina l’inadeguatezza delle metodologie analitiche adottate dalla filologia di stampo classico. Difatti, l’eteromorfismo strofico e l’anisosillabismo diventano, nella prospettiva di un repertorio orale, conseguenze naturali della variabilità insita nei sistemi mnemotecnici di creazione e trasmissione inevitabilmente legati alla fisicità dell’azione esecutiva, a partire anche da ragioni che regolano le funzioni dell’apparato respiratorio. Così come avviene nei processi di trasmissione dei testi narrativi, parallelamente alla relazione memoria-parola, nel processo di trasmissione melodica abbiamo individuato quella che consta del binomio memoria-distinctio, intendendo con quest’ultimo termine un segmento di melodia delimitato da gradi strutturalmente portanti dell’edificio melodico che lo ingloba. La visione melodico-centrica del processo compositivo del repertorio alfonsino giustificherebbe la polimetria sistematica che contempla la presenza simultanea di varie tipologie metriche all’interno della stessa Cantiga, la presenza frequente d’inarcature e l’impiego libero della rima. Infine, la melodia è il veicolo della trasmissione, oltre che canale attraverso il quale si tramandano quei valori, già appartenenti alla memoria collettiva, che risemantizzano continuamente il testo. / The main objective of this thesis is the identification of metric and musical compositional systems in the work Cantigas de Santa Maria. The structure of this research focuses on the recovery of the grammatical sense of this material and the identification of melodic formulas and musical motifs through a classification system that allows the comparison between the melodic compositions. We regard the compositional system of Alfonso’s repertoire as a product of a creative process based on the confluence of compositional strategies which are peculiar of the orally transmitted repertoire. In accordance with this principle, we developed a classification system which uses melodic sort criteria based on the identification of melodic similarities in order to recognize the main recurring formulas in the work. Ordering criteria followed by Alfonso’s poems have been inspired by a melodic classification system reproduced in the Tonari, liturgical books which are representative of the whole process of composition, transmission and preservation, thanks to the divisio arrangement of the songs. In addition to these criteria, we propose a classification that reflects a unique manuscriptal occurrence: the code b.I.2 de El Escorial (c—dice de los mœsicos). Finally, compositional systems were evaluated in comparison to those of tropistic production in view of the exchange and relationship between both poetic and musical universes. The comparative analysis also allowed the recognition of interesting cases of imitation of liturgical models and melody patterns that evoke recognizable narrative contexts. According to the achievements of this study, the process of construction, based on the combination between the mnemonic recovery and the recreation of the evoked material, occurs during adaptation to the narrative context, with the aid of strategies which on the one hand ensure the stability of the restored melodic structure while offering, on the other hand, a destabilizing function that allows the disruption of the existing material. The stabilizing function is related to modal cohesion of the formulaic elements, not acting as a coercive force, but rather as a guide to mnemonic faculties of melodic elaboration. The evaluation of the compositions at the stage of their profŽration, as products that do exist only in the very moment of their manifestation, demonstrates the inadequacy of the analytical methods adopted by classic philology. In fact, the strophic heteromorphy becomes, in the perspective of an oral repertory, the natural consequence of the variability inherent in the creation and transmission of mnemotechnical systems, which, at the same time, are inevitably linked to the physicality of the performing action, suffice it to think about the functions of our respiratory system. As with the process of transmission of narrative texts, parallel to the relationship between memory-word, in the melodic transmission process we have identified the melody consisting of the combination of memory-distinctio, the latter term meaning a segment of melody defined by degrees which are structurally bearing the melodic structure that it incorporates. The melody-centric vision of the compositional process of Alfonso’s repertoire justify the systematic use of different meters in the same Cantiga, the frequent presence of enjambment and the free use of rhyme. Finally, the melody is the vehicle of transmission, as well as a channel through which those values, already belonging to the collective memory are handed on, and constantly change the text’s meaning.

No description available.

Eating disorders ha ve increased over the last few years, as well as the age range of their initialonset which includes younger people. Food-related anxiety, fear of gaining weight, and obsession with thinness are associated with variables of age, sex, social leve!, body mass index, distortion and dissatisfaction with body image are considered risk factors for eating disorders. This research examined the relationship among these factors and analyzed their predictive value. The participants were 200 adolescents (104 boys and 96 girls), aged between 14 and 17 years. The testsused werc the STAI, EDI-2, EAT and two experimental tests. The results indicated that underlying these disorders were distorted body-image perception and dissatisfaction. The risk for girlsincreased between 15 and 16 years. Dissatisfaction with global physical aspect, distortion of body size, age, and trait anxiety were revealed as predictive factors. / La ansiedad con relación a la comida, el temor a aumentar de peso y la obsesión por la delgadez van asociadas a variables de edad, sexo, nivel social, índice de masa corporal, distorsión einsatisfacción con la imagen corporal y se consideran factores de riesgo de los trastornos alimenticios.Se investigan y analizan las relaciones entre dichos factores así como su valor predictivo. Los participantes fueron 200 adolescentes de 14 a 18 años (104 chicos y 96 chicas). Se administraron el Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado/Rasgo (STA!), el Inventario de Trastornos dela conducta Alimentaria (EDI-2) el Eating Altitudes Test (EAT) y dos instrumentos en construcción.Los resultados revelaron que la percepción distorsionada de la imagen del propio cuerpo,vinculada a la insatisfacción, se halla a la base de estos trastornos. La edad más sensible paralas chicas está entre los 15 y 16 años y los factores predictivos encontrados son: insatisfacción con el aspecto físico global, distorsión del tamaño del cuerpo, edad y ansiedad rasgo.

Submitted by PPG Filosofia (filosofia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-24T12:51:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_IURI COELHO OLIVEIRA_COMPLETO.pdf: 1662744 bytes, checksum: 675c0cc2e152bbef478b5b960d034479 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-12-01T13:12:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_IURI COELHO OLIVEIRA_COMPLETO.pdf: 1662744 bytes, checksum: 675c0cc2e152bbef478b5b960d034479 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-01T13:17:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_IURI COELHO OLIVEIRA_COMPLETO.pdf: 1662744 bytes, checksum: 675c0cc2e152bbef478b5b960d034479 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / This study aims to develop two key concepts for the theistic argument of John Duns Scotus, namely that of essentially ordered causes (ceo) and that of accidentally ordered causes (cao). These concepts appear in both the different versions of his argument (Lect., Ord., Rep. I-A e TPP) as well as in a passage from his commentary on Aristotle?s Metaphysics. Thus, first of all, it is necessary to treat in a general sense the characteristics of these texts and to say where, in themselves, those concepts are found, besides indicating how the frame of the theistic argument of Scotus leads him to causality. Secondly, it is important to devote a little attention to the doctrinal sources on which Scotus based himself to formulate his own concepts, namely on Aristotle and Avicenna. In this chapter it is also shown in which the Scotistic notions approach and depart from those of his sources. In addition, the differences indicated by Scotus between the ceo and cao, on the one hand, and per se and per accidens causes, on the other, are clarified. Finally, it deals exclusively with ceo and cao, initially, presenting the characteristics of the members of each causal series in their respective processes of action; then, it is studied how these causes are structured as series, where the treatment of the bond of both with the First Cause is initiated through three propositions in which the fineness of the ceo is proved, the possible infinity of the cao and how the First Cause acts in relation to these two causal series. This chapter is finished discussing the exclusive characteristics of the Causa Prima in its relation to the others (ceo and cao), and saying how these two series contribute to a causal theory in theistic argument of Duns Scotus. / Este estudo tem em vista desenvolver dois conceitos-chave para o argumento te?sta de Jo?o Duns Scotus, a saber, o de causas essencialmente ordenadas (ceo) e o de causas acidentalmente ordenadas (cao). Estes conceitos aparecem tanto nas diferentes vers?es de seu argumento (Lect., Ord., Rep. I-A e TPP) quanto em uma passagem de seu coment?rio ? Metaf?sica de Arist?teles. Assim, em primeiro lugar, ? preciso tratar em sentido geral das carater?sticas destes textos e onde, nos mesmos, aqueles conceitos aparecem, al?m de indicar como a estrutura do argumento te?sta de Scotus leva-o ? causalidade. Em segundo, ? importante dedicar um pouco de aten??o ?s fontes doutrinais em que Scotus se baseou para formul?-los, a saber, Arist?teles e Avicena, mostrando em que as no??es scotistas se aproximam e em que se afastam das de suas fontes, al?m de esclarecer as diferen?as indicadas por Scotus entre as ceo e as cao, de um lado, e as causas per se e per accidens, de outro. Por fim, trata-se exclusivamente das ceo e das cao, inicialmente, apresentando as caracter?sticas dos membros de cada s?rie causal em seus respectivos processos de atua??o; a seguir, estuda - se como estas causas se estruturam enquanto s?ries, onde se inicia o tratamento do v?nculo de ambas com a Causa Primeira atrav?s de tr?s proposi??es em que se prova a finidade das ceo, a poss?vel infinidade das cao e como a Causa Primeira atua em rela??o a estas duas s?ries causais. Conclui-se ent?o o cap?tulo tratando das caracter?sticas exclusivas da Causa Prima em sua rela??o com as outras (ceo e cao), e de como estas duas s?ries contribuem para uma teoria causal no argumento te?sta de Duns Scotus.

Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les systèmes de transitions asynchrones en tant que modèles pour la sémantique des systèmes réactifs. Les systèmes de transitions asynchrones (STA) de Shields et Bednarczyk, sont une généralisation des systèmes de transitions (ST) et des structures d'événements stables (SE). Tout d'abord nous définissons l'opération de raffinement d'actions sur les STA, qui permet de relier entre elles les descriptions d'un système a différents niveaux d'abstraction. Ensuite, nous proposons des équivalences sémantiques sur les STA et nous étudions leur compatibilité avec l'opération de raffinement. Enfin, nous relions notre cadre avec celui de la théorie des sémantiques opérationnelles structurées (SOS) de Plotkin

<p>This master's thesis deals with timing effects in complex on chip systems. It is written in cooperation with the research and development centre of Infineon Technologies. </p><p>One primary goal of all integrated circuit designers is to make the chips as small as possible. In deep sub micron designs timing effects like crosstalk have severe impact on the functionality of the chip. Therefore, accurate timing analyses must be made before the chip is ready for manufacturing. Otherwise the production yield can be reduced drastically. A case study on timing analysis with the 0.13 µm technology is made on the bus system of the device S-GOLD. </p><p>The computer-based program PrimeTime is used to carry out the timing analysis. During the evolution of 0.13 µm technology three design packages have been developed to characterize the timing. Two releases of SGOLD have been designed based on the first and the second design package. The different design packages were compared, with and without pin capacitance variations, on chip variations and crosstalk. Furthermore the two releases are compared. The result from the analysis tool may not correlate well with what you see on the manufactured chips. In order to investigate the correlation, some tests were finally performed on an evaluation board. </p><p>The results from the timing analysis are as expected. The second netlist version is better optimized than the first one. Design package three is most pessimistic among the three design packages. Design package one is most optimistic and does not match the real performance. Both design package two and three fit to the real performance well. Among the three design packages, design package three fits the real performance best.</p>

This thesis describes possible applications of Prony's method in timing analysis of digital circuits. Such applications include predicting the future shape of the waveform in DTA(Dynamic Timing Analysis) and delay look-up table in STA(Static Timing Analysis). Given some equally spaced output values, the traditional Prony's method can be used to extract poles and residues of a linear system, i.e. to characterize a waveform using an exponential function. In this thesis, not only values but also equally spaced derivatives are tested. Still using same idea of the traditional Prony's method, poles and residues can also be extracted with those values and derivatives. The resultant poles and residues will be used to predict the output waveform in DTA analysis. The benefits brought by the using of derivatives include less simulation steps and less CPU time consuming than the regular constant step simulation. As a matter of fact, the Prony's method can precisely approximate a complicated waveform. Such property can be applied for STA analysis. The Prony's approximation can be used to precisely record an output waveform, which is used as an entry of the look-up table of STA. Since the accuracy of STA analysis relies on the accuracy of the input and output waveform in the look-up table, the accuracy of the Prony's approach is promising.

This thesis describes possible applications of Prony's method in timing analysis of digital circuits. Such applications include predicting the future shape of the waveform in DTA(Dynamic Timing Analysis) and delay look-up table in STA(Static Timing Analysis). Given some equally spaced output values, the traditional Prony's method can be used to extract poles and residues of a linear system, i.e. to characterize a waveform using an exponential function. In this thesis, not only values but also equally spaced derivatives are tested. Still using same idea of the traditional Prony's method, poles and residues can also be extracted with those values and derivatives. The resultant poles and residues will be used to predict the output waveform in DTA analysis. The benefits brought by the using of derivatives include less simulation steps and less CPU time consuming than the regular constant step simulation. As a matter of fact, the Prony's method can precisely approximate a complicated waveform. Such property can be applied for STA analysis. The Prony's approximation can be used to precisely record an output waveform, which is used as an entry of the look-up table of STA. Since the accuracy of STA analysis relies on the accuracy of the input and output waveform in the look-up table, the accuracy of the Prony's approach is promising.