The subject of the diploma thesis is the elaboration of project documentation for the implementation of the new civic amenities of the Nursery School in the cadastral area of Plácky in the territory of the town of Hradec Králové. The building is designed as a stand alone divided into 4 segments with two above-ground floors. Kindergarten consists of 3 separate departments with a total capacity of 60 children and 1 unit for hobbies with a capacity of 20 children and their facilities. The object is based on the base passages. All brick structures are made of brick blocks Porotherm and the heat insulation is added to the perimeter shell. The internal staircase is monolithic, reinforced concrete and external prefabricated steel. The object is roofed with a flat roof and the support element consists of reinforced concrete pre-prestressed panels SPIROLL. Drawing part is processed in ArchiCAD program, visualizations are processed in Lumion program.

Master´s thesis is focused on the design and assessment of reinforced concrete load-bearing structure of a detached house. The supporting structure model is processed in SCIA Engineer. Selected reinforced concrete elements are assessed in accordance with ČSN EN 1992 - 1 -1. Part of the thesis is a technical report and drawings of the shape and reinforcement.

The new built showroom and carservice, with two floors, a pent roof and an aluminium systems for facades. It is situated near the centre of Ostrava.

The thesis called Block of Flats in Prague 6 is composed as a project documentation of the static part. This six-level building was designed as a ferroconcrete monolithic object. Two underground floors are formed by a ferroconcrete frame with columns. There are placed parking slots and also a residential section on these two floors. Four other levels are designed as a ferroconcrete frame with walls. These four floors serve as a residential section. The thesis deals with the complete design of the first floor of one structural unit of the building, and also with some details such as floor slab, bearers, staircase, columns, and walls.

The apartment building is located in Brno, Vojtova street. It´s a building with four overground floors and one underground floor, which is mainly used as collective garage. As a structural system is used reinforced concrete skeleton. The building has a single-layer flat roof.

The objective of this thesis was to design and check typical elements of the 5th storey of monolithic reinforced concrete structure of residential building. Horizontal load-bearing structure consists of a continuous slab of six fields with reinforcing ribs, which are located under the building envelope, bidirectional slab simply supported, further staircase beam and lintels in the corridors and loggias. Vertical structures consist of walls and columns.

The subject of my diploma thesis is elaborating the project documentation for making a new building of a separately standing apartment house. The building is situated on the outskirts of town Bystřice nad Pernštejnem, on a slightly slanting land which goes up to the northeast. The building is without cellar, four-storeyed with a flat roof. On the first floor above ground level there are an indoor garages, cellar units, a staircase and an elevator. On the second, third and fourth floor above ground level there are separate housing units, a staircase and an elevator. There are other parking areas on the exterior of the building. The vertical constructions are designed within the system HELUZ, the horizontal constructions are made of ferroconcrete. The perimeter structures are designed with the contact insulation system. The building will be based on foundations.

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Malaise traps are a common tool for collecting insects used by many researchers. Although there have been variations in the models and materials used for Malaise traps, the potential for sampling bias due to mesh gague has been explored inadequately. This study compared coarse and fine mesh Townes model Malaise traps in two habitats on the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. The two habitats next to the Lick Wash trailhead were defined by dominant vegetation type – sagebrush and grasses or Piñon-Juniper. We collected from three sites per habitat type, over three consecutive days in June in both 2006 and 2007. A pair of Malaise traps consisting of one coarse mesh and one fine mesh trap were used at each site in order to compare differences in the diversity and in the average size of individuals collected by each type of Malaise trap. We measured diversity using both presence-absence data such as richness scores and Jaccard's Index of Similarity, and abundance-based measures of comparison, including Simpson's Index of Diversity and non-metric multidimensional scaling. We identified all individuals according to Order, and because of our interest in flies and their abundance, we further identified the Dipter ta to the Family level. Average insect size was determined by categorizing individuals according to one of 14 distinct size-classes. In sum, 71 samples totaling approximately 62,500 insects were identified and sized. Because we sampled from two adjacent habitats, we also discuss beta diversity across the sample sites. Although mesh-size appears to have a significant effect on the diversity of the catch according to some tests, not all of our analysis agrees. In addition, the gain in the amount of diversity collected by incorporating both mesh-sizes may not be worth the costs of that kind of sampling. Other means of collection may adequately make up that difference. Habitat on the other hand was a clear marker for difference in diversity. Size was not found to be significant overall, but there still may be reasons to examine the effect of mesh-size with respect to the Hymenoptera.

Vibrations in staircases have during the last decades become an important issue in design. The main reasons are current architectural trends aiming for innovative, slender and high staircases, together with developments in material properties and building technique, making these aims possible. The improved material properties and slender design of the staircase makes the structure lightweight and have great impact on the flexibility and dynamic performance of the staircase. This have resulted in that vibration serviceability criteria increasingly often are becoming governing in design. The performance of staircases in serviceability under dynamic loads is however very hard to predict. In many cases hand calculations will not be sufficient, and a computerized model, e.g. a finite element model, need to be created. Creating a finite element model that performs well when subjected to dynamic loads is however not simple. Especially boundary conditions, connections and the effect of non-structural elements are hard to adequately represent. The formulation of the load is also a complex question. The main dynamic load that staircases are subjected to, that causes uncomfort for the user, is the load that the user themselves apply on the structure, when ascending or descending.  The main part of this master thesis project is a case study of two lightweight, steel staircases. To form a basis for the case study, current research have been summarized in a literature survey. An introduction of elementary dynamics is also made for less conversant reader. The literature survey reviews previous research about loads introduced by humans and how these can be formulated, both for single human excitation and group loading. How vibrations arise and how humans percept vibrations is also reviewed. The view and recommendations of standards and regulations about load formulation and vibration acceleration limits is presented. Recommendations in research for finite element modeling of staircases and dynamic loads is also reviewed. The case study consists of measurements and analyzing of finite element models of the staircases. Measurements of vibrations and the dynamic response of the staircases under human introduced loads have been conducted. The human introduced loads included are an impulse load created by a jump, ascent at a moderate pace of a single subject and descent at a moderate pace by a single subject. The measurements have been recreated in finite element models. Different modeling choices and formulations for ascending, descending, and impulse loads are studied.  The aim is to investigate how different modeling choices in connections, boundary conditions and adjacent structure, affects the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the staircase. Different load formulations for the loads are analyzed, both for the impulse load and for the loads created by a subject ascending and descending. With these results as a basis, some general recommendations about construction a finite element mode of a staircase and achieving appropriate load formulation for dynamic loads are made. / Vibrationer i trappor har under de senaste årtiondena blivit en viktig fråga vid projekteringen av trappor. De främsta anledningar är dagens arkitektoniska trender som eftersträvar innovativa, slanka och långa trappor, tillsammans med utveckling i material egenskaper och förbättrade byggmetoder som möjliggör dessa trender. De förbättrade materialegenskaperna samt den slanka designen av trappan gör konstruktionen lätt och har stor påverkan på styvheten samt det dynamiska gensvaret hos trappan. Detta har resulterat i att vibrationer i bruksgränstillståndet allt oftare är dimensionerande i designen av trappan.    Responsen under dynamiska laster i bruksgränstillståndet hos trappan är dock väldigt svårt att förutbestämma. I de flest fall är handberäkningar inte tillräckliga för att förutsäga detta beteende och en dator modell, t.ex. en finita element modell, behöver utvecklas. Att utveckla en finita element modell som genererar tillförlitliga respons är dock inte enkelt. Speciellt randvillkoren, kopplingar och effekten av icke bärande element är svårt att modellera tillförlitligt. Hur man formulerar lasten kan också vara en svår fråga. Den främst dynamiska lasten som trappor utsätts för som skapar obekväma vibrationer för användaren, är också skapade av användaren själv eller andra användare som går upp eller ner i trappan.  Huvuddelen av detta arbete består av en fallstudie av två lätta ståltrappor. För att få en bas för fallstudien har rådande forskning gåtts igenom och summerats i en litteraturstudie. En introduktion av grundläggande dynamik har även gjorts för den mindre insatta läsaren.  Litteraturstudien har gått igenom forsning om dynamiska laster orsakade av människor och hur dessa kan beskrivas, både för laster orsakade av en människa, samt även för en grupp av människor. Hur vibrationer uppkommer och hur människor uppfattar vibrationer har också undersökts. Standarders uppfattning och rekommendationer, samt regelverk om lastformulering och gränsvärden för vibrationer presenteras. Rekommendationer från forskning av finita element modeller av trappor och dynamiska laster i dessa gås också igenom. Fallstudien består av mätningar i de verkliga trapporna, och av uppbyggnad och analysering av finita element modeller av trapporna. Mätningar av vibrationer och den dynamiska responsen hos trapporna när de utsätts för dynamiska laster orsakade av människor har utförts. De studerade lasterna inkluderar en impulslast skapad av ett hopp, last från en människa som går upp i trappan och last från en människa som går ner i trappan. Mätningarna har sedan försökts återskapas i finita element modellerna. Olika modellerings val och formuleringar för gång och impuls lasterna har studerats. Syftet är att undersöka hur olika modelleringsval hos kopplingar, randvillkor samt närliggande struktur påverkar egenfrekvenserna och modeformen hos trapporna. Olika beskrivningar på lasterna analyseras, både för impuls lasten, samt lasten från en människa som gå upp eller ner i trappan. Med hjälp av dessa resultat kommer några generella rekommendationer om hur finita element modeller av trappor kan konstrueras och hur en tillbörlig lastformulering för dynamiska laster uppnås.