Research Question: Does the pharmacy market seem to change in accordance with the goals stipulated by the government due to the reregulation? This leads to the following sub-questions: Does it seem like the availability of medical drugs for consumers increase? Does it seem like service for consumers get enhanced? Does it seem like the supply of services for consumers increase? Does it seem like the costs of medical drugs are maintained? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate if the trends resulting from the reregulation of the pharmacy monopoly correspond to the goals stipulated by the government. The purpose is furthermore to compare the reregulation of other Swedish markets and the reregulation of the pharmacy market in other Nordic countries in order to heed their lessons. Method: This study uses method triangulation, with a questionnaire directed to pharmacy customers forming the quantitative basis and interviews with specialists regarding the pharmacy market, forming the qualitative. The study also draws heavily on historic data regarding reregulation of Swedish markets and reregulation of the pharmacy market in other Nordic countries. Conclusions: Availability of medical drugs has increased and will presumably continue to do so.  Service quality has increased somewhat and will presumably continue to do so. Supply of services has increased and it will presumably continue to do so. The cost of medical drugs will only increase if it is required in order to satisfy the other goals.

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La libéralisation du transport aérien et maritime a entrainé, à l'instar des autres secteurs, la transformation des infrastructures respectives afin que la libre concurrence soit assurée. Or, à côté des autres conséquences entrainées sur l'exploitation des infrastructures, l'évolution majeure a été le déploiement d'une concurrence entre elles. Malgré les missions particulières de satisfaction de l'intérêt général qui peuvent peser sur les infrastructures de transport et même si chaque infrastructure prise isolément détient un pouvoir de marché considérable, les infrastructures aéroportuaires ou portuaires sont susceptibles de subir une pression concurrentielle. En effet, les caractéristiques de monopole naturel des aéroports et des ports ont été relativisées sous l'effet de la mobilité dans l'économie de transport. Tant les aéroports que les ports deviennent souvent des maillons dans les stratégies concurrentielles des transporteurs, qui constituent leurs interlocuteurs puissants. Le droit a réagi à ce phénomène économique avec le démantèlement des monopoles étatiques, par leur privatisation ou décentralisation, et la restructuration des infrastructures. Par conséquent, il a entrainé une concurrence entre les opérateurs qui ont émergé, qui s'exerce pour et dans le «marché des infrastructures». Il s'agit certainement d'un marché «hétéro-déterminé», c'est à-dire hautement dépendant de la concurrence des transporteurs. D'une part, la délimitation du marché pertinent prend en compte le marché du transport, d'autre part, les formes que peut revêtir la concurrence entre infrastructures ou leur coopération éventuelle sont dictées par les stratégies des transporteurs. / The liberalization of air and maritime transport has resulted in the transformation of the respective infrastructures, in order to facilitate competition between transport operators. However, the most remarkable change has been the development of competition between them. In spite of the particular tasks of general interest assigned to the infrastructures of transport and although each infrastructure taken separately holds a considerable market power, airports and ports are susceptible to competitive pressure. Indeed, the natural monopoly characteristics have been relativized due to the mobility in the economy of transport. Both airports and ports often become simple links in the competitive strategies of carriers, which constitute their powerful counterparts. The law responded to this economic phenomenon, by dismantling state monopolies, proceeding to their privatization or decentralization. Therefore, this tendency has led to a competition between emerged operators, for and within the "market of infrastructures". This market is certainly "hetero-determined", which means that it is highly dependent of the competition in the market of transport. Thus, the definition of the relevant market takes into account the market of transport. Besides, the possible forms of competition or cooperation between infrastructures are determined by the carrier strategies.

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Electricity markets may become more sensitive to weather conditions because of higher penetration of renewable energy sources and climatic changes. Albania is 100% reliant on hydropower for its domestic energy generation, making this country compelling to investigate as it is highly sensitive to changing weather conditions. We use an ARMA-GARCH model to investigate whether weather and economic factors had a relationship with monthly hydroelectricity prices in the Albanian Energy Market in the period 2013-2018. We find that electricity price is affected by variations in weather and is not utterly robust to extreme hydrological changes. Generally, our dependent variable appears to be particularly influenced by air pressure followed by temperature and rainfall. We also perceive that there is a relationship between economic factors and hydroelectricity prices, where residual supply appears to have a significant negative relationship with our dependent variable. However, we were originally anticipating a higher dependency of electricity prices on weather conditions, due to the inflated hydro-power reliance for electricity production in the Albanian Energy Market. This effect is offset by several factors, where the state monopolized behaviour of the energy sector occupies a predominant influence on our results.