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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23913号 / 工博第5000号 / 新制||工||1780(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科物質エネルギー化学専攻 / (主査)教授 作花 哲夫, 教授 安部 武志, 教授 阿部 竜 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

[pt] As características dinâmicas de linguagens de scripting introduzem um gargalo significativo no tempo de execução quando comparadas a linguagens de sistemas. A arquitetura scripting pode ser usada para melhorar o desempenho ruim de linguagens de scripting. O programador deve usar a linguagem de sistemas para tarefas que consomem muitos recursos, e a de scripting para flexibilidade. Entretanto, essa arquitetura tem duas falhas significativas quando usada para melhorar o desempenho de linguagens de scripting. Primeiro, existe uma lacuna conceitual entre as duas linguagens, logo migrar da linguagem de scripting para linguagem de sistemas pode exigir enorme esforço. Segundo, existe um gargalo escondido ao manipular as estruturas de dados da linguagem de scripting a partir da linguagem de sistemas. Pallene é uma linguagem de sistemas projetada particularmente para Lua que almeja resolver essas duas falhas. Pallene é um subconjunto estaticamente tipado de Lua, o que facilita o processo de migração. Além disso, Pallene manipula diretamente as estruturas de dados de Lua sem introduzir gargalo. Neste trabalho, nós propomos dois tipos de registros para Pallene, e nós apresentamos a implementação do compilador de Pallene. Nós avaliamos o desempenho do nosso compilador para compará-la com Lua padrão, LuaJIT, e programas C que utilizam a API C de Lua. Nossos experimentos mostram que Pallene é competitiva com as soluções existentes para melhorar o desempenho de Lua. / [en] The dynamic features of scripting languages introduce significant overhead in execution time when compared to system languages. The scripting architecture can be used to improve the poor performance of scripting languages. The programmer should use a system language for resourceintensive tasks, and a scripting one for flexibility. However, this architecture has two significant flaws when used to improve the performance of scripting languages. First, there is a conceptual gap between both languages; so migrating from the scripting language to the system language may require enormous effort. Second, there is a hidden overhead when manipulating the scripting-language data structures from the system language. Pallene is a system language designed particularly for Lua that aims to solve these two issues. Pallene is a statically-typed subset of Lua, which facilitates the migration process. Moreover, Pallene manipulates Lua s data structures directly without introducing overhead. In this work, we propose two types of records for Pallene, and we present the implementation of the Pallene compiler. We benchmarked our compiler to compare it to standard Lua, LuaJIT, and C programs using the Lua-C API. Our experiments show that Pallene is competitive with the existing solutions to improve Lua s performance.

The purposes of this dissertation were to examine the agreement the agreement between double integration using the trapezoidal method and measurements for push-off distance to create force-velocity profiles, examine the change in push-off distance between loading conditions when force-velocity profiling, and to observe the alterations in mechanical outputs of force-velocity profiles after 15-weeks of off-season training. The major findings are as followed. Using double integration with the trapezoidal method may be a reliable way to estimate push-off distance, despite a small systematic bias. This bias should have negligible effects on push-off distance and therefore not alter or effect calculations in a meaningful way. Therefore, using double integration for push-off distance estimation may provide the ability to retrospectively create force-velocity profiles. The analysis of change in push-off distance at each loading condition suggests that there is 5-10% change in push-off distance between conditions. The significant changes in push-off distance occurred between the bodyweight condition and 20 kg as well as bodyweight and 40 kg loading conditions. The observed mechanical output alterations after training did not yield any significant changes in mechanical outputs. However, based on the observed output changes in conjunction with the previous training, force-velocity profiling may be primarily indicative of acute training styles.

An empirical investigation of the security flaws and features of an in-use modern electronic health record system is performed. The investigation was carried out using dynamic analysis, manual testing and interviews with developers. The results indicate that in-use electronic health record systems suffer from serious authentication flaws, arising from the interaction of many different proprietary systems. The authentication problems are so severe that gaining access to any user’s computer on the hospital intranet would compromise a large database of patient medical records, including radiological data regarding the patients. Common web vulnerabilities were also present, such as injections and incorrectly configured HTTP security headers. These vulnerabilities were heavily mitigated by the use of libraries for constructing web interfaces. / En empirisk undersökning av säkerheten inom ett modernt elektroniskt patientjournal-system har utförts. Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp av dynamisk analys, manuell testning och intervjuer med utvecklarna. Resultatet indikerar att system för elektroniska patientjournaler har stora brister inom autentisering, vilka uppstår p.g.a. att flera olika kommersiella system måste samarbeta. Problemen är så allvarliga att med tillgång till en enda dator på intranätet kan en stor databas med patientdata äventyras, inklusive radiologisk data gällande patienterna. Vanliga websårbarheter fanns också, så som injektioner av skript och inkorrekt konfigurerade HTTP säkerhetsheaders. Dessa sårbarheter mitigerades starkt genom användandet av bibliotek för webinterface.

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) är ett samlingsbegrepp för ett antal satellitsystem som möjliggör världsomspännande navigering, deformationsövervakning och satellitpositionering. GNSS innefattar de fyra globala operativa satellitsystem BeiDou, Global Positioning System (GPS), Globalnaya navigatsionnaya sputnikovaya sistema (GLONASS) och det europeiska Galileo. Satellitsystemet Galileo utökas successivt och erbjuder i nuläget 22 aktiva satelliter, men ska innefatta totalt 30 satelliter när det beräknas vara fullbordat år 2020. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att utvärdera Galileo under simulerad deformationsmätning, enskilt och i kombination med GPS och GLONASS, samt att jämföra dessa satellitsystem. Att även studera systemens avvikelser med olika metoder statisk mätning i lokalt nätverk, statisk mätning med anslutning mot en extern referensstation och efterberäkning av enkelfrekvenser i lokalt nätverk. Ett GNSS-nätverk upprättades och data beräknades i Leica Infinity. Statiska mätningar med tre GNSS-mottagare utfördes under en dag med sessionstid på nio timmar. Mätningarna delades upp i tre sessioner med aktuella förflyttningar av en mottagare mellan sessionerna. Resultatet från studien visar att för samtliga satellitsystem enskilt och i de olika kombinationerna erhölls avvikelser på millimeternivå för den statiska mätningen i lokalt nätverk. För efterberäkning med enbart enkelfrekvenser för respektive system erhölls generellt avvikelser på millimeternivå. För databearbetning med anslutning mot MAR700SWE som är en SWEPOS referensstation och är belägen 17 km från det upprättade nätverket visade resultatet på högre och mer spridda värden där avvikelserna erhölls på millimeter- till centimeternivå. Generellt visade resultatet att Galileo jämfört med GPS och GLONASS erhåller avvikelser likt de två andra systemen för samtliga metoder. För systemen i kombination visade avvikelserna att med alla tre systemen tillsammans uppnåddes bäst resultat. Slutsatserna från studien är att Galileo konstateras ha en liknande prestanda som de andra GNSS-systemen fast Galileo inte är fullt utvecklat. Studien har analyserat nätverket i 2D och visar att med alla tre systemen erhålls regelbundet stabila resultat. Galileo bidrar till en förbättring när systemet används i kombination. För deformationsmätning är Galileo acceptabelt att använda i plan. Som tidigare föreslaget, visar studien också att de statiska mätningarna ger mm noggrannhet. De metoder som rekommenderas för deformationsmätning är statisk mätning i lokalt nätverk och efterberäkning av enkelfrekvenser fast den sist nämnda inte är att föredra. Anslutning av ett lokalt nätverk mot en extern referensstation rekommenderas inte. / Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a generic term for a number of satellite system which makes it possible for worldwide navigation, deformation monitoring and satellite positioning. GNSS includes four global operational satellite systems BeiDou, Global Positioning System (GPS), Globalnaya navigatsionnaya sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) and the European Galileo. The Galileo satellite system is gradually expanding and currently offers 22 active satellites but will include a total of 30 satellites when it is completed 2020. The purpose of the study was to evaluate Galileo during simulated deformation measurements, individually and in combination with GPS and GLONASS, and to compare these satellite systems. Also, to see these systems deviations with different methods static measurement in a local network, static measurement linked to an external reference station and post processing of single- frequencies in the local network. A local network was established, and data was processed in Leica Infinity. Static measurements with three GNSS receivers was carried out over one day with a session time of nine hours. The measurements were divided into three sessions with movements of one receiver between the sessions. The results from the study shows that for all satellite systems individually and in the different combinations, deviations on millimeter level were obtained for the static measurements in a local network. Generally, deviations on millimeter level were obtained for post-processing calculations with only single frequencies for each system. For post-processing with the local network linked to MAR700SWE; which is a SWEPOS reference station located about 17 km from the established network, the result showed higher and more scattered values where the deviations were generally obtained at millimeter- to centimeter level. Generally, the results showed that Galileo compared with GPS and GLONASS receives deviations similar to the other two systems for all methods. The deviations showed with all three systems combined the best results were achieved. The conclusion from the study is that Galileo is found to have a similar performance as the other GNSS systems in static measurements, though Galileo is not yet fully developed. The results shows that with all three systems, low deviations are regularly obtained. With this Galileo contributes to an improvement when the system is combined with GPS and GLONASS. For deformation monitoring, Galileo is acceptable to use in plane. The methods recommended for deformation measurement are static measurement in a local network and post processing with single frequency measurement, although the latter is not preferred. Connecting a local network to an external reference station is not recommended.

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is nowadays a well-established and popular choice for various survey missions. Earlier studies indicate that BeiDou in combination with Global Positioning System (GPS), Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) and Galileo contributes to a lower uncertainty in 3D. Earlier studies indicates that GNSS achieves good enough quality and is reliable for deformation monitoring. The purpose of the study is to examine the potential of BeiDou using static deformation monitoring in 3D at the millimeter level, both individually and in combination with other satellite systems. The study detects deviations in a local network and by connecting to an external reference station using single- and double frequency as well as broadcast- and precise ephemeris. Data were collected using static measurements for three sessions within 2 days. The observation time for session 1 was 9 h and for sessions 2 and 3 was 4 h, respectively. The measurements were carried out using 3 points with the average baseline length of 791 m. A simulated deformation was applied at 2 occasions were each displacement was 5 mm in plane and 4,8 mm in height. Data was processed in Leica Infinity. The measured deformation was compared with the true displacement and with the rest of the satellite constellations. The result of the study shows that BeiDou in combination with GPS/GLONASS/Galileo in a local network achieves deviations between 0,2–1,0 mm in plane and 0,1–1,2 mm in height for every setting. Regarding processing with only BeiDou in a local network with broadcast ephemeris and the B1 frequency, the result indicates deviations between 0,2–1,9 mm in plane and 0,4–1,0 mm in height. Further processing with precise ephemeris the deviations was calculated between 0,2–1,8 mm in plane and 0,9–4,6 mm in height. Larger deviations were obtained using the external reference station MAR6. The outcomes of this study indicate that there is a possibility to use BeiDou individually for deformation monitoring if broadcast- and precise ephemeris with frequency B1 are used. BeiDou in combination with GPS/GLONASS/Galileo indicates deviations at millimeter level (<1,2 mm) in 3D. BeiDou as a complement achieves equivalent deviations in comparison to GPS/GLONASS/Galileo. The conclusion indicates that BeiDou as a complement is useful for static deformation monitoring. Further conclusions indicate that an external reference station should not be used for deformation monitoring. BeiDou can, when using B1 frequency and precise ephemeris, detect millimeter displacements for shorter sessions. / Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) är idag ett väletablerat och populärt val vid diverse mättekniska uppdrag. Tidigare studier tyder på att BeiDou i kombination med Global Positioning System (GPS), Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) och Galileo bidrar till en lägre osäkerhet i 3D. Tidigare studier visar att GNSS uppnår tillräckligt hög kvalitet för att anses tillförlitligt vid deformationsövervakning. Syftet med studien är att undersöka BeiDou och dess potential vid statisk deformationsövervakning i 3D på millimeternivå, både enskilt och i kombination med andra satellitsystem. Vidare detekteras skillnader i ett lokalt nätverk och med anslutning mot en extern referensstation med enkel- och flerfrekvens samt utsändaoch precisa bandata. Data samlades in via statisk mätning under två dagar, i tre sessioner, där session 1 uppgick till 9 timmar och session två samt tre till fyra timmar vardera. Mätningarna genomfördes på tre punkter med en genomsnittlig baslinjelängd på 791 m. En simulerad deformation pågick under två tillfällen där vardera rörelsen var 5 mm i plan och 4,8 mm i höjd. Data bearbetades i Leica Infinity. Den mätta deformationen jämfördes mot den faktiska förflyttningen samt mot övriga satellitkonstellationer. Studiens resultat visar att BeiDou i kombination med GPS/GLONASS/Galileo i ett lokalt nätverk erhöll avvikelser mellan 0,2–1,0 mm i plan och 0,1–1,2 mm i höjd för samtliga inställningar. Angående bearbetning med BeiDou enskilt i ett lokalt nätverk beräknat med utsända bandata och frekvensen B1 erhöll resultatet avvikelser på 0,2–1,9 mm i plan och 0,4–1,0 mm i höjd. Vid efterbehandling med precisa bandata beräknades avvikelserna till 0,2–1,8 mm i plan och 0,9–4,6 mm i höjd. Större avvikelser erhölls vid bearbetning mot den externa referensstationen. Studiens slutsatser visar att möjligheten finns att använda BeiDou enskilt för deformationsövervakning med både utsända- och precisa bandata och frekvensen B1. BeiDou i kombination med GPS/GLONASS/Galileo visar avvikelser på millimeternivå (<1,2 mm) i 3D. I jämförelse med GPS/GLONASS/Galileo erhåller mätningar med BeiDou som komplement ingen signifikant avvikelse. Slutsatsen tyder på att BeiDou som komplement uppnår likvärdig kvalitet som GPS/GLONASS/Galileo och är användbart vid statisk deformationsövervakning. Ytterligare slutsatser tyder på att anslutning mot en extern referensstation inte bör användas. BeiDou med enkelfrekvensen B1 med precisa bandata har även potential att detektera förflyttningar på millimeternivå vid kortare sessioner.

Yes / The design of reinforced concrete buildings must satisfy the serviceability stiffness criteria in terms of maximum lateral deflections and inter story drift in order to prevent both structural and non-structural damages. Consideration of plastic hinge formation is also important to obtain accurate failure mechanism and ultimate strength of reinforced concrete frames. In the present study, an iterative procedure has been developed for the analysis of reinforced concrete frames with cracked elements and consideration of plastic hinge formation. The ACI and probability-based effective stiffness models are used for the effective moment of inertia of cracked members. Shear deformation effect is also considered, and the variation of shear stiffness due to cracking is evaluated by reduced shear stiffness models available in the literature. The analytical procedure has been demonstrated through the application to three reinforced concrete frame examples available in the literature. It has been shown that the iterative analytical procedure can provide accurate and efficient predictions of deflections and ultimate strength of the frames studied under lateral and vertical loads. The proposed procedure is also efficient from the viewpoint of computational time and convergence rate. The developed technique was able to accurately predict the locations and sequential development of plastic hinges in frames. The results also show that shear deformation can contribute significantly to frame deflections.

With the increasing use of composite materials for diverse applications ranging from civil infrastructure to offshore oil exploration, the durability of these materials is an important issue. Practical and accurate models for lifetime will enable engineers to push the boundaries of design and make the most efficient use of composite materials, while at the same time maintaining the utmost standards of safety. The work described in this dissertation is an effort to predict the strength and rupture lifetime of a unidirectional carbon fiber/polymer matrix composite using micromechanical techniques. Sources of material variability are incorporated into these models to predict probabilistic distributions for strength and lifetime. This approach is best suited to calculate material reliability for a desired lifetime under a given set of external conditions. A systematic procedure, with experimental verification at each important step, is followed to develop the predictive models in this dissertation. The work begins with an experimental and theoretical understanding of micromechanical stress redistribution due to fiber fractures in unidirectional composite materials. In-situ measurements of fiber stress redistribution are made in macromodel composites where the fibers are large enough that strain gages can be mounted directly onto the fibers. The measurements are used to justify and develop a new form of load sharing where the load of the broken fiber is redistributed only onto the nearest adjacent neighbors. The experimentally verified quasi-static load sharing is incorporated into a Monte Carlo simulation for tensile strength modeling. Very good agreement is shown between the predicted and experimental strength distribution of a unidirectional composite. For the stress-rupture models a time and temperature dependent load-sharing analysis is developed to compute stresses due an arbitrary sequence of fiber fractures. The load sharing is incorporated into a simulation for stress rupture lifetime. The model can be used to help understand and predict the role of temperature in accelerated measurement of stress-rupture lifetimes. It is suggested that damage in the gripped section of purely unidirectional specimens often leads to inaccurate measurements of rupture lifetime. Hence, rupture lifetimes are measured for [90/0_3]_s carbon fiber/polymer matrix specimens where surface 90 deg plies protect the 0 deg plies from damage. Encouraging comparisons are made between the experimental and predicted lifetimes of the [90/0_3]_s laminate. Finally, it is shown that the strength-life equal rank assumption is erroneous because of fundamental differences between quasi-static and stress-rupture failure behaviors in unidirectional polymer composites. / Ph. D.