9 The main focus of the thesis is on the street work with migrants and the dilemma of help and control that arises in it. An integral part of this was the presentation of available literature dealing with this topic and its analysis. The theoretical part defines the target group, migrants in the Czech Republic and integration and migration policy in the Czech Republic. It also deals with street work, the legislative framework of street work, the personality of the street worker and the specifics of street work with migrants and also social work with migrants is described. Attention is paid to the dilemmas in social work, their origin with an emphasis on the help and control dilemma and ways of coping. The research part is devoted to the description of own qualitative research, which was carried out by the method of semi-structured interviews with street workers focusing on working with migrants by using the technique of critical incident. The main aim of the research was to find out in which cases the street workers encounter the dilemma of help and control and how to deal with it. Data were analyzed by using a portion of grounded theory. The presented research results point to situations in which street workers who work with migrants experience a dilemma of help and control. For example, there are...

Nesta tese apresento um estudo que parte de um trabalho de campo realizado na Cidade de Nova Iorque em 2016 e 2017. A etnografia se refere a um grupo de mulheres mexicanas vendedoras de comida típica na rua, localizadas principalmente na Roosevelt Avenue, no bairro Jackson Heights, Queens, provenientes na sua grande maioria de pequenas cidades no estado mexicano de Puebla. A migração destas mulheres adquire um papel relevante, pelos fenômenos culturais, sociais e de identidade que gera. Este grupo representa o exemplo de uma sociedade indígena camponesa, que através da sua história tem mantido uma forte tradição cultural, sendo grupos étnicos reconhecidos, com uma forte tradição religiosa, linguística, musical, social, festiva e familiar e que se encontram com a necessidade de emigrar na procura de uma vida melhor. As características assinaladas neste trabalho e as estratégias socioculturais, comunitárias e familiares, construídas pelas imigrantes, são encaminhadas principalmente para conhecer grupos particulares de indivíduos que vão mudando determinados comportamentos no seu processo de adaptação na nova comunidade transnacional. Procuramos entender também a readequação destas mulheres que constroem famílias, gerando novas identidades e novas redes sócio-familiares e que ao mesmo tempo, modificam as relações tradicionais sociais e familiares, em seu entorno migratório assim como com a família e a comunidade que deixaram atrás. Examinaremos, a partir da revisão de teorias e conceptos, em que ponto está posicionado o papel da mulher e da família nesse processo migratório. Ao mesmo tempo, colocaremos as diversas identidades que surgem na trajetória migratória: ser mulher, ser indígena, ser migrante, ser hispana, ser indocumentada, com todas as suas possibilidades, complexidades e limitações, quando enfrentam uma nova sociedade com valores sociais e culturais diferentes. / In this thesis I present a study whose foundation was a field work carried out in New York City in 2016 and 2017. The ethnography refers to a group of Mexican women selling their typical food on the street, mainly located on Roosevelt Avenue, in Jackson Heights neighborhood, Queens, mostly arrived from small towns in the state of Puebla, México. The migration of these women acquires a relevant role, due to the cultural, social and identity phenomena it demonstrates and generates. This group represents an example of an indigenous peasant society, which through its history has maintained a strong cultural tradition, being recognized as one of several ethnic groups with a strong religious, linguistic, musical, social, festive, culinary and family traditions that needed to emigrate in search of a better life. The characteristics pointed out in this study and the sociocultural, community and family strategies built by the immigrants, are directed mainly to know how particular groups of individuals change certain behaviors in their process of adaptation in a new transnational community. We also try to understand the readjustment of these women who build families, generating new identities and new family and social networks that at the same time modify the traditional social and family relations in their migratory environment as well as with the family and the community that they left behind. We examine, through the revision of theories and concepts, the position and roles of women and the family in this female migratory process. At the same time, we analyze and debate the different identities that emerge in the migratory trajectory: being a woman, being indigenous, being a migrant, being Mexican Hispanic, being undocumented, with all its possibilities, complexities and limitations when they face a new society with different social and cultural values.

Nesta tese apresento um estudo que parte de um trabalho de campo realizado na Cidade de Nova Iorque em 2016 e 2017. A etnografia se refere a um grupo de mulheres mexicanas vendedoras de comida típica na rua, localizadas principalmente na Roosevelt Avenue, no bairro Jackson Heights, Queens, provenientes na sua grande maioria de pequenas cidades no estado mexicano de Puebla. A migração destas mulheres adquire um papel relevante, pelos fenômenos culturais, sociais e de identidade que gera. Este grupo representa o exemplo de uma sociedade indígena camponesa, que através da sua história tem mantido uma forte tradição cultural, sendo grupos étnicos reconhecidos, com uma forte tradição religiosa, linguística, musical, social, festiva e familiar e que se encontram com a necessidade de emigrar na procura de uma vida melhor. As características assinaladas neste trabalho e as estratégias socioculturais, comunitárias e familiares, construídas pelas imigrantes, são encaminhadas principalmente para conhecer grupos particulares de indivíduos que vão mudando determinados comportamentos no seu processo de adaptação na nova comunidade transnacional. Procuramos entender também a readequação destas mulheres que constroem famílias, gerando novas identidades e novas redes sócio-familiares e que ao mesmo tempo, modificam as relações tradicionais sociais e familiares, em seu entorno migratório assim como com a família e a comunidade que deixaram atrás. Examinaremos, a partir da revisão de teorias e conceptos, em que ponto está posicionado o papel da mulher e da família nesse processo migratório. Ao mesmo tempo, colocaremos as diversas identidades que surgem na trajetória migratória: ser mulher, ser indígena, ser migrante, ser hispana, ser indocumentada, com todas as suas possibilidades, complexidades e limitações, quando enfrentam uma nova sociedade com valores sociais e culturais diferentes. / In this thesis I present a study whose foundation was a field work carried out in New York City in 2016 and 2017. The ethnography refers to a group of Mexican women selling their typical food on the street, mainly located on Roosevelt Avenue, in Jackson Heights neighborhood, Queens, mostly arrived from small towns in the state of Puebla, México. The migration of these women acquires a relevant role, due to the cultural, social and identity phenomena it demonstrates and generates. This group represents an example of an indigenous peasant society, which through its history has maintained a strong cultural tradition, being recognized as one of several ethnic groups with a strong religious, linguistic, musical, social, festive, culinary and family traditions that needed to emigrate in search of a better life. The characteristics pointed out in this study and the sociocultural, community and family strategies built by the immigrants, are directed mainly to know how particular groups of individuals change certain behaviors in their process of adaptation in a new transnational community. We also try to understand the readjustment of these women who build families, generating new identities and new family and social networks that at the same time modify the traditional social and family relations in their migratory environment as well as with the family and the community that they left behind. We examine, through the revision of theories and concepts, the position and roles of women and the family in this female migratory process. At the same time, we analyze and debate the different identities that emerge in the migratory trajectory: being a woman, being indigenous, being a migrant, being Mexican Hispanic, being undocumented, with all its possibilities, complexities and limitations when they face a new society with different social and cultural values.

Nesta tese apresento um estudo que parte de um trabalho de campo realizado na Cidade de Nova Iorque em 2016 e 2017. A etnografia se refere a um grupo de mulheres mexicanas vendedoras de comida típica na rua, localizadas principalmente na Roosevelt Avenue, no bairro Jackson Heights, Queens, provenientes na sua grande maioria de pequenas cidades no estado mexicano de Puebla. A migração destas mulheres adquire um papel relevante, pelos fenômenos culturais, sociais e de identidade que gera. Este grupo representa o exemplo de uma sociedade indígena camponesa, que através da sua história tem mantido uma forte tradição cultural, sendo grupos étnicos reconhecidos, com uma forte tradição religiosa, linguística, musical, social, festiva e familiar e que se encontram com a necessidade de emigrar na procura de uma vida melhor. As características assinaladas neste trabalho e as estratégias socioculturais, comunitárias e familiares, construídas pelas imigrantes, são encaminhadas principalmente para conhecer grupos particulares de indivíduos que vão mudando determinados comportamentos no seu processo de adaptação na nova comunidade transnacional. Procuramos entender também a readequação destas mulheres que constroem famílias, gerando novas identidades e novas redes sócio-familiares e que ao mesmo tempo, modificam as relações tradicionais sociais e familiares, em seu entorno migratório assim como com a família e a comunidade que deixaram atrás. Examinaremos, a partir da revisão de teorias e conceptos, em que ponto está posicionado o papel da mulher e da família nesse processo migratório. Ao mesmo tempo, colocaremos as diversas identidades que surgem na trajetória migratória: ser mulher, ser indígena, ser migrante, ser hispana, ser indocumentada, com todas as suas possibilidades, complexidades e limitações, quando enfrentam uma nova sociedade com valores sociais e culturais diferentes. / In this thesis I present a study whose foundation was a field work carried out in New York City in 2016 and 2017. The ethnography refers to a group of Mexican women selling their typical food on the street, mainly located on Roosevelt Avenue, in Jackson Heights neighborhood, Queens, mostly arrived from small towns in the state of Puebla, México. The migration of these women acquires a relevant role, due to the cultural, social and identity phenomena it demonstrates and generates. This group represents an example of an indigenous peasant society, which through its history has maintained a strong cultural tradition, being recognized as one of several ethnic groups with a strong religious, linguistic, musical, social, festive, culinary and family traditions that needed to emigrate in search of a better life. The characteristics pointed out in this study and the sociocultural, community and family strategies built by the immigrants, are directed mainly to know how particular groups of individuals change certain behaviors in their process of adaptation in a new transnational community. We also try to understand the readjustment of these women who build families, generating new identities and new family and social networks that at the same time modify the traditional social and family relations in their migratory environment as well as with the family and the community that they left behind. We examine, through the revision of theories and concepts, the position and roles of women and the family in this female migratory process. At the same time, we analyze and debate the different identities that emerge in the migratory trajectory: being a woman, being indigenous, being a migrant, being Mexican Hispanic, being undocumented, with all its possibilities, complexities and limitations when they face a new society with different social and cultural values.

Submitted by Jamile Barbosa da Cruz (jamile.cruz@ucsal.br) on 2017-07-27T18:58:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARQUES, CAS-2017.pdf: 2254762 bytes, checksum: 88a18abb5e68bf5f636120b1480f60d1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rosemary Magalhães (rosemary.magalhaes@ucsal.br) on 2017-07-28T16:12:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MARQUES, CAS-2017.pdf: 2254762 bytes, checksum: 88a18abb5e68bf5f636120b1480f60d1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-28T16:12:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARQUES, CAS-2017.pdf: 2254762 bytes, checksum: 88a18abb5e68bf5f636120b1480f60d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-21 / A cidade de Salvador, assim como outras metrópoles brasileiras, enfrenta sérios problemas de mobilidade urbana. O aumento expressivo do número de veículos, o baixo investimento em infraestrutura viária e em meios alternativos de transporte coletivo levaram aos congestionamentos cotidianos e a graves problemas de mobilidade urbana que afetam todos os trabalhadores, em especial, os Agentes de Fiscalização de Trânsito e Transporte. Objetivos: Conhecer e analisar as condições em que se realiza o trabalho dos referidos Agentes, os riscos nele presentes e a repercussão dessas condições sobre esses profissionais quanto à saúde e à satisfação com o trabalho. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e analítico-descritiva, adotando como procedimentos a pesquisa documental e o estudo de campo, com levantamento de dados de uma amostra da população selecionada – 12 agentes de fiscalização trânsito e transporte –, mediante a aplicação de entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: Os agentes têm vivenciado processos de desgaste biopsíquico, devido às condições precárias de trabalho e ao deficit de recursos humanos e materiais, fatores estes resultantes das mudanças políticas e de planejamento governamental que inviabilizam o desenvolvimento adequado de suas tarefas. Os agentes, por executar seu trabalho na rua, em local aberto, distantes da instituição, estão expostos às intempéries climáticas, ao contato direto com o usuário ou cliente, fator que tem se revelado propício a agressões, além da violência urbana. Conclusão: Paralelamente, verificou-se que há um ambiente de trabalho favorável às vivências positivas entre os agentes, pois as relações interpessoais ainda estão preservadas, manifestando-se como facilitadoras do processo de saúde, fortalecimento da categoria profissional e como elemento importante de satisfação com o trabalho. / Salvador city, like many other Brazilian metropolises, faces serious urban mobility issues. The expressive rise in the number of vehicles, the low investment in road infrastructure and alternative ways of mass transit have caused daily traffic jams, and serious urban mobility issues that affect all workers, especially the Traffic and Transportation Oversight Agents. Objectives: To know and analyze the conditions in which the work of these agents is done, the risks presented in it and the repercussion of those conditions on these professionals regarding their health and work satisfaction. Method: As to the objectives, it’s about an exploratory, and analytical and descriptive research, adopting the documentary research methodology and field study as procedure, with data collection of a selected population sample - 12 traffic and transportation oversight agents -, through the application of a semi-structured interview. Results: The agents have been experiencing a process of biopsychosocial impairment, due to the precarious work conditions and the deficit of human resources and instruments, factors that are the fallout of political shifts and governmental planning that make the proper development of their tasks unfeasible. The agents, due to performing their work on the streets, in open spaces and away from the institution, are exposed to the weather, to direct contact with the user or client, factors which have shown to be conductive to aggression and urban violence. Conclusion: Parallel to that, it’s been noted that there is a work environment that is favorable to the positive experiences between agents, since the interpersonal relationships are still preserved, manifesting as a facilitator in health development, strengthening of the professional category and as an important element of their work satisfaction.

La présente étude propose d’éclairer la dynamique interactive de construction quotidienne de la culture du travail de rue. Tel qu’elle est présentée au premier chapitre, cette piste de recherche fait écho à différentes préoccupations soulevées par l’indétermination des conditions d’existence et d’exercice du travail de rue aux niveaux de la légitimation sociale de cette pratique, de sa consolidation organisationnelle, de son articulation méthodologique et de l’identification professionnelle de ses praticiens. Après avoir mis en relief les contraintes et défis engendrés par ces différentes formes d’incertitude, la problématique met en lumière l’opportunité de voir dans cette indétermination un révélateur des processus quotidiens de construction culturelle du travail de rue. Un deuxième chapitre présente le cadre théorique constructiviste, interactionniste et ethnométhodologique qui a inspiré la conception de la culture adoptée dans cette recherche. Un troisième chapitre résume la stratégie ethnographique de l’enquête de terrain menée dans l’univers du travail de rue par le biais d’une démarche d’observation participante d’une année au sein d’une équipe locale de travailleurs de rue et des espaces associatifs fréquentés par ces acteurs à l’échelle régionale, provinciale et internationale. Empruntant la métaphore dramaturgique d’Erving Goffman pour décrire « la mise en scène de la vie quotidienne » des travailleurs de rue, une deuxième section d’analyse des données décrit en trois chapitres les interactions sociales des travailleurs de rue dans les « coulisses » de leurs espaces entre pairs, « dans le décor du milieu » à la rencontre de leurs « publics » ainsi que lors de « représentation de leur rôle » en situation d’intervention. Recourant à des récits d’observation et à divers exemples, chacun de ces chapitres explicite les activités routinières et les conversations ordinaires qui prennent forme dans ces différents contextes d’interaction sociale. Le quatrième chapitre décrit la quotidienneté de ma propre incursion comme chercheure dans l’univers des travailleurs de rue et celle dont j’ai été témoin dans la dynamique de l’équipe qui m’a accueillie pendant une année sur une base hebdomadaire. Le cinquième chapitre raconte la vie de tous les jours ayant cours à travers l’intégration des travailleurs de rue sur le terrain et l’activation de leur rôle dans le milieu. Le sixième chapitre reflète différentes manières dont les travailleurs de rue s’inscrivent au quotidien dans des situations d’intervention avec les personnes du milieu et avec les acteurs de la communauté. Un septième chapitre dégage de la description de cet assemblage de routines et de codes de langage des travailleurs de rue une interprétation des processus et des produits de la « culturation » de cette pratique, c’est-à-dire une certaine lecture des processus interactifs de production de cette culture et de la constellation de significations produites et mobilisées par les acteurs impliqués. / The present study proposes to explore the dynamic interaction of the daily cultural construction of street work. The first chapter illustrates the various concerns that emerge from some of the uncertainties related to the experience of practice as well as the various conditions of street work. In particular, the practice’s social legitimacy, the organizational context, its approach to intervention and the practitioner’s professional identity will be explored. After having highlighted the constraints and challenges posed by these different forms of uncertainties, those are exposed again, but from a perspective of an opportunity to understand the cultural construction of street work. The second chapter presents the theoretical framework for the research, which is based on a constructivist, interactionist and ethnomethodological perspective. A third chapter summarizes the strategies for ethnographic fieldwork as undertaken during a one year process of data collection. This chapter also explores the research method which draws from participant observation, which was undertaken within a local team of street workers and their various associative contexts at regional, provincial or international levels. In borrowing from the dramatic metaphor of Erving Goffman to describe "the stages of everyday’s life" of the street workers, the data analysis will then be presented in three distinct sections, highlighting Goffman’s components, that is the social interactions of street workers "backstage" between peers; "in the setting" to meet their "public"; and finally, during "representation of their roles" in interventional situations. Using case observations and drawing from various examples, each section explains how the routines and ordinary conversations shape the social interactions in those work contexts. The fourth chapter describes my daily research involvement, in the world of street workers as well as my role as an observer which was to witness the dynamics of the team who had welcomed me weekly during a period of one year. The fifth chapter illustrates everyday experiences of street workers as seen through their activities and conversations as well as the actualization of their roles in their practice environment. The sixth chapter reflects on ways in which street workers are involved in different types of interventions and with people and actor they accompany in the community. A seventh chapter outlines the description of a set of routines, the language codes the street workers use and the interpretation they give and produce through the process of "culturation" of street work. In other words, we explore how workers read the interactive processes of this culture and how the meanings are produced and mobilized by the actors involved.

This thesis deals with low-threshold institutions for juveniles. First part describes the usual clients and their problems, i.e. what are clients' needs and what the institution is supposed to offer them. Influence of the society on an individual mental development are covered as it is one of the important agents of problems in the youth. Briefly is presented the Czech streetwork association, an organization supporting low-threshold institutions. The theoretical part includes origin and historical development of low-threshold institutions, their standards, their focus group and methods of work with clients. Second part contains results of a survey carried out among low-threshold institutions workers. The questionnaire was focused on motivation for this particular job, methods of work, burnout syndrome etc. The practical part of the thesis also includes a description of a chosen institution. Personal experiences is described to complete an overview of requirements and effects of the low-threshold institutions.

This thesis deals with the prevention of youth delinquency in the Czech Republic. The theoretical basis is characteristic of individual in adolescence and system description prevention of youth delinquency. The section devoted to adolescence describes individuals aged 15-18years, describes the psychological and developmental characteristics. An Attention is paid to the causes of youth delinquency. The prevention part explains the theoretical foundations on which is a system of prevention in the Czech Republic. This thesis describes the system and highlights the continuity and consistency between the elements of the system. Special attention is given to prevention at the school and local community. The empirical part is devoted to identifying the opinions and attitudes of the respondents in the area of prevention. The survey used two methods of qualitative research - questionnaires and brainstorming. Keywords youth, adolescence, delinquency, prevention, public institutions, private institutions, schools, local location, street work, Ide - threshold institution, interview, brainstorming

La présente étude propose d’éclairer la dynamique interactive de construction quotidienne de la culture du travail de rue. Tel qu’elle est présentée au premier chapitre, cette piste de recherche fait écho à différentes préoccupations soulevées par l’indétermination des conditions d’existence et d’exercice du travail de rue aux niveaux de la légitimation sociale de cette pratique, de sa consolidation organisationnelle, de son articulation méthodologique et de l’identification professionnelle de ses praticiens. Après avoir mis en relief les contraintes et défis engendrés par ces différentes formes d’incertitude, la problématique met en lumière l’opportunité de voir dans cette indétermination un révélateur des processus quotidiens de construction culturelle du travail de rue. Un deuxième chapitre présente le cadre théorique constructiviste, interactionniste et ethnométhodologique qui a inspiré la conception de la culture adoptée dans cette recherche. Un troisième chapitre résume la stratégie ethnographique de l’enquête de terrain menée dans l’univers du travail de rue par le biais d’une démarche d’observation participante d’une année au sein d’une équipe locale de travailleurs de rue et des espaces associatifs fréquentés par ces acteurs à l’échelle régionale, provinciale et internationale. Empruntant la métaphore dramaturgique d’Erving Goffman pour décrire « la mise en scène de la vie quotidienne » des travailleurs de rue, une deuxième section d’analyse des données décrit en trois chapitres les interactions sociales des travailleurs de rue dans les « coulisses » de leurs espaces entre pairs, « dans le décor du milieu » à la rencontre de leurs « publics » ainsi que lors de « représentation de leur rôle » en situation d’intervention. Recourant à des récits d’observation et à divers exemples, chacun de ces chapitres explicite les activités routinières et les conversations ordinaires qui prennent forme dans ces différents contextes d’interaction sociale. Le quatrième chapitre décrit la quotidienneté de ma propre incursion comme chercheure dans l’univers des travailleurs de rue et celle dont j’ai été témoin dans la dynamique de l’équipe qui m’a accueillie pendant une année sur une base hebdomadaire. Le cinquième chapitre raconte la vie de tous les jours ayant cours à travers l’intégration des travailleurs de rue sur le terrain et l’activation de leur rôle dans le milieu. Le sixième chapitre reflète différentes manières dont les travailleurs de rue s’inscrivent au quotidien dans des situations d’intervention avec les personnes du milieu et avec les acteurs de la communauté. Un septième chapitre dégage de la description de cet assemblage de routines et de codes de langage des travailleurs de rue une interprétation des processus et des produits de la « culturation » de cette pratique, c’est-à-dire une certaine lecture des processus interactifs de production de cette culture et de la constellation de significations produites et mobilisées par les acteurs impliqués. / The present study proposes to explore the dynamic interaction of the daily cultural construction of street work. The first chapter illustrates the various concerns that emerge from some of the uncertainties related to the experience of practice as well as the various conditions of street work. In particular, the practice’s social legitimacy, the organizational context, its approach to intervention and the practitioner’s professional identity will be explored. After having highlighted the constraints and challenges posed by these different forms of uncertainties, those are exposed again, but from a perspective of an opportunity to understand the cultural construction of street work. The second chapter presents the theoretical framework for the research, which is based on a constructivist, interactionist and ethnomethodological perspective. A third chapter summarizes the strategies for ethnographic fieldwork as undertaken during a one year process of data collection. This chapter also explores the research method which draws from participant observation, which was undertaken within a local team of street workers and their various associative contexts at regional, provincial or international levels. In borrowing from the dramatic metaphor of Erving Goffman to describe "the stages of everyday’s life" of the street workers, the data analysis will then be presented in three distinct sections, highlighting Goffman’s components, that is the social interactions of street workers "backstage" between peers; "in the setting" to meet their "public"; and finally, during "representation of their roles" in interventional situations. Using case observations and drawing from various examples, each section explains how the routines and ordinary conversations shape the social interactions in those work contexts. The fourth chapter describes my daily research involvement, in the world of street workers as well as my role as an observer which was to witness the dynamics of the team who had welcomed me weekly during a period of one year. The fifth chapter illustrates everyday experiences of street workers as seen through their activities and conversations as well as the actualization of their roles in their practice environment. The sixth chapter reflects on ways in which street workers are involved in different types of interventions and with people and actor they accompany in the community. A seventh chapter outlines the description of a set of routines, the language codes the street workers use and the interpretation they give and produce through the process of "culturation" of street work. In other words, we explore how workers read the interactive processes of this culture and how the meanings are produced and mobilized by the actors involved.