Transportation safety is a highly contentious issue in the design of cities and communities. To enhance community livability, urban designers, architects and city planners often encourage the placement of street trees, aesthetic street lights, and other roadside features in a buffer zone between the pedestrian realm and the vehicle travelway. While such designs clearly enhance the aesthetic quality of a roadway, conventional geometric design practice regards roadside features located in the clear zone as fixed-object hazards, and strongly discourages their use. This study examines roadside safety in urban environments to better understand the nature of urban fixed-object crashes, as well as the safety impacts of livable streetscape treatments. While the prevailing assumption is that livable street treatments have a negative impact on a roadways safety performance, the existing empirical evidence indicates that such designs are much safer than more conventional roadside designs. Current safety objections to the use of livable street treatments are not based on empirical evidence, but are instead the result of a design philosophy that systematically overlooks the real-world operating behavior of road users. This study details the origin and evolution of this philosophy, termed passive safety, and subjects it to an empirical test to evaluate its applicability to urban arterial roadways. It finds that passive safety assumptions do not meaningfully explain empirical observations of crash frequency and severity. To enhance contemporary geometric design practice, this study then proceeds to more thoroughly examine the nature and characteristics of urban roadside crashes, and proposes a new design approach, termed positive design that better addresses the twin goals of safety and livability.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

Šiame darbe pateikti duomenys apie Vilniaus miesto gatvių tinklą, jų techninius parametrus, trumpai apžvelgiama Vilniaus miesto gatvių būklė. Nagrinėti pažaidų tipai gatvėse su asfalto danga, pažaidų atsiradimo priežastys bei jų nustatymo metodikos, naudojamos įrangos. Nurodomi transporto eismo intensyvumo matavimo metodai, įranga. Atlikta analizė vizualiai nustatytų asfalto dangos pažaidų vienuolikos gatvių, esančių Vilniau mieste, bei transporto eismo intensyvumo matavimų, naudojant automatinį skaičiuoklį – klasifikatorių Marksman 660. Įvertinta asfalto dangos pažaidų bei transporto eismo intensyvumo priklausomybė. Atsižvelgiant į darbe atliktą analizę, sudarytas prioritetinis Vilniaus miesto remontuotinų gatvių sąrašas. / In this work there are supplied the net of Vilnius city streets, its engineering parameters, condition of streets in Vilnius has been overlooked briefly. There has been analysed types of defects in streets with asphalt pavement, reasons for origination of defects and methods for identification, usable equipment. Methods of measurement of traffic intensity and usable equipment has been also indicated. There has been analysed defects of asphalt pavement, which had been defined visually in eleven streets in Vilnius city, and measurements of traffic volume using the counter-sizer Marksman 660. Dependence of asphalt pavement defects and traffic volume has been estimated too. According to the analyse of this work, there has been done the list of priority for repairing these eleven streets in Vilnius city.

The main goal of this project is to design the experience of motion along a mixed-use arterial roadway as a work of art. The research component of this project proposes to determine the influences on the experience of traveling along a road, the key components of environmental art, and how these can be combined to enhance the driving experience. This project will focus on the section of McGalliard Road from Morrison Road to Walnut Street, in Muncie, Indiana.McGalliard Road is one of Muncie's most heavily traveled roads. If one examines its length, the unorganized fashion in which the street has developed is readily apparent. Different and often conflicting uses are scattered up and down the road, in a spectrum ranging from rural/ agricultural to residential to commercial. The result is a confusing sequence of buildings and spaces with little or no focus. Thousands of people use roads similar to McGalliard in their everyday life. Generally the experience of driving these roads is mundane, involving countless parking lots, stores, and chain restaurants. By utilizing the principles of environmental art in the redesign of the experience of a mixed-use arterial roadway, the user's experiences can be greatly enhanced and the road can be infused with a new identity and meaning with which peoplecan identify and take pride.The user's experience of a mixed-use arterial roadway is the main issue I plan to examine in this project. When driving on a highway the sense of motion, space, and sequence is dominant. These sensations are most affected by objects passing overhead and near the roadside (Appleyard, 1966). The primary objects in the user's view are signs, telephone poles, and other vehicles, with nearly nothing overhead.Roads are an integral component of a city's fabric, one of its most intensely used public spaces, which provide linkages between different parts of a city (Moughtin, 1992). A successful road is one that captures the attention of its user. Without this, the user's attention can begin to wander and the experience becomes uninteresting. McGalliard Road has little to catch or hold the user's attention. The nearby surroundings consist mainly of signs, large parking lots, or buildings set far back from the street with nothing to focus the driver's attention. In redesigning the experience a user has while traveling along McGalliard Road, it is important to work with these elements in the near roadside environment, utilizing their attributes in the creation of an experiential work of art.Art has the potential to add another layer to the experience of the landscape, instilling it with new meaning. Works of environmental art are bound to their site and take a large part of their content from the relationship they have with the characteristics of their surrounding sites (Beardsley, 1998), thus drawing meaning directly from the surrounding landscape and culture. Ultimately the success of a city depends on the success of its roads. Art can enhance both the experience of a road, city, and the lives of its citizens. Integrating commercialism, art, and the driving experience, the designer can create a unique experience in which the user is an integral component in the design. / Department of Landscape Architecture

No description available.

No description available.

This diploma thesis deals with names of quarters and city parts as well as with street names in the city of České Budějovice and their changes in the historical development. Attention is payed to the historical centre of the city as well as to the newer city parts and suburban localities which have been built in the last years. The monitored urbanonyms are selected from the linguistic and factual perspective. Furthermore, the changes of honorific names in various historical periods are observed too. The paper also comprises an alphabetical register of streets. The main focus of the analysis is to enrich onomastics of the city of České Budějovice.

Este texto apresenta os resultados da análise de 18 hodônimos do centro urbano de Caxias do Sul, a fim de descobrir os motivos que influenciaram na denominação das ruas desse lugar. Na época da denominação, Caxias do Sul tinha população predominantemente italiana e os italianos não foram contemplados com os nomes dos principais logradouros da cidade. O objetivo foi descobrir por que o grupo majoritário não foi homenageado, levando em considerações as relações de poder. Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental, levando-se em consideração elementos linguísticos e extralinguísticos implícitos e explícitos nestes hodônimos. Apoiada nos princípios teórico-metodológicos da toponímia, com Dauzat e Rostaing, adaptados à realidade brasileira e adotados pela Universidade de São Paulo (USP), especialmente por DICK, e por outras universidades públicas do Brasil, a análise teve como tema investigar as razões que foram determinantes na escolha de nomes não-italianos para designar o grupo de ruas centrais de Caxias do Sul e identificar as implicações sociais, econômicas e, sobretudo, políticas que eles escondem. O poder político foi determinante para a predominância de nomes luso-brasileiros nas ruas analisadas. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-02T17:54:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Trissia Ordovas Sartori.pdf: 360706 bytes, checksum: ea989e2de22142c1711cfd93c9d60f4c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-02T17:54:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Trissia Ordovas Sartori.pdf: 360706 bytes, checksum: ea989e2de22142c1711cfd93c9d60f4c (MD5) / This text presents the results of the analysis of 18 names of the city centre streets of Caxias do Sul. The main aim of this study is to identify and give an explanation about the motives which influenced in the denomination of the city centre streets. A documental research was conducted and it took into consideration linguistic and extra linguistic elements implicit and explicit in these denominations. Following methodological theoretical principles of toponymy which are applied to the Brazilian reality and used by the University of São Paulo and other public universities in Brazil, the analysis had as an objective to investigate the reasons which determined the selection of the non-Italian names to designate the group of central streets in Caxias do Sul and identify the social, economic, and especially political implications they hide.

Submitted by Josiane ribeiro (josiane.caic@gmail.com) on 2015-04-24T13:31:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo_dissertacao_versão_final - Lista de Ilustrações.pdf: 2240391 bytes, checksum: 13f24967fe5b94c8dfc491e4d905802b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor de Carvalho (vitor_carvalho_im@hotmail.com) on 2015-05-19T17:00:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo_dissertacao_versão_final - Lista de Ilustrações.pdf: 2240391 bytes, checksum: 13f24967fe5b94c8dfc491e4d905802b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-19T17:00:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo_dissertacao_versão_final - Lista de Ilustrações.pdf: 2240391 bytes, checksum: 13f24967fe5b94c8dfc491e4d905802b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / A presente dissertação tem como questão central investigar como um Consultório na Rua (CnR) tem se relacionado com os moradores de rua frente às atuais discussões sobre as políticas públicas para população em situação de rua no Brasil. Dessa questão principal desdobram-se mais três perguntas de pesquisa:quais clínicas são praticadas pela equipe do CnR?Como tem ocorrido a participação e a in/exclusão dos moradores de rua nos serviços de saúde?De quais formas a sociedade vem lidando com a população em situação de rua na cidade? Para dar conta de responder e problematizar tais questões, realizei uma cartografia inspirada na perspectiva da psicologia social e institucional. Com relação às minhasferramentas teóricas, faço uso de noções tanto do campo da filosofia, a partir de Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, quanto do campo da saúde coletiva, com Émerson Merhy, Túlio Franco e Antônio Lancetti. Acompanhei uma equipe de CnR da cidade de Porto Alegre durante cinco meses, participando das abordagens de rua junto a pessoas em situação de rua no município. Sistematizei a minha investigação em quatro partes: na primeira, apresento as Crônicas Urbanas, textos inspirados em uma estética literária, a fim de expor alguns conflitos, tensões, afetos e agenciamentos que vivenciei durante a pesquisa de campo. As crônicas também servem como disparadoras de problematizações da pesquisa. Na segunda parte, trago as opções e os detalhamentos metodológicos (o making of da pesquisa e das crônicas). Na terceira parte, contextualizo de maneira mais detalhada os cenários que permeiam as políticas públicas para usuários de drogas e para pessoas em situação de rua. Por fim, na quarta parte, trago as inquietações e problematizações da pesquisa de campo. Parte dos enunciados e discursividades acerca dos usuários de drogas e dos moradores de rua tem ido na direção de construir a imagem do anormal contemporâneo. Alguns dos efeitos de tal construção são novas formas de manifestação de racismo e a criminalização dos sujeitos que usam drogas e que vivem em situação de rua. Ao analisar as práticas de in/exclusão sob a perspectiva foucaultiana, percebo que tanto as políticas de recolhimento e internação compulsória quanto a política dos Consultórios na Rua fazem parte das estratégias biopolíticas atuais, sendo as primeiras pelo viés da exclusão e a segunda pelo viés da inclusão. No âmbitomicropolítico, do encontro entre trabalhador do CnR e usuário, são possíveis diferentes linhas de fuga, fissuras e resistências à perspectiva biopolítica que deseja instituir-se. A partir das práticas dos trabalhadores do CnR que acompanhei, pude notar diversas tensões e afetos, que culminam, entre outras coisas, em uma clínica pautada pela estratégia de redução de danos e em algo que chamei de uma clínica menor. A clínica menor constitui-se nas práticas de subversão a uma clínica maior, de afirmação de outros modos de existência e dedesterritorialização e possibilidade de produção de novos desenhos e arranjos coletivos, como práticas de resistência e enfrentamento às ações fascistas do campo da saúde. / The current dissertation has as a central issue to investigate how a Clinic in Street – CiS has been related to the homeless, given the current discussions on public policy for the homeless population in Brazil. From this main question, unfolds three more research questions: Which clinics are practiced by the CiS staff? How has occurred the participation and in/exclusion of the homeless in health services? In what ways society has been dealing with the homeless population in the cities? In order to be able to answer these questions and discuss such issues, I created a map inspired on the perspective of social and institucional psychology. With respect to my theoretical affiliation, I use the notions both of the philosophy field, from Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze and FélizGuattari, and the field of collective health, with ÉmersonMerhy, Túlio Franco and AntônioLancetti. I accompanied a CiS team from the city of Porto Alegre during five months, taking part in street approaches with homeless people in the city. I systematized my research into four parts: in the first I present the Urban Chronicles, texts inspired by a literary aesthetic, in order to expose some conflits, tensions, affections and assemblages that I have been through during my field research. The Chronicles also serve as triggers of problematizations for the research. In the second part I bring the options and methodologicdetailments (the making of, of the Chronicles and the research). In the third part I contextualize in a more detailed way, the scenarios that permeate the public policies for drug users and for people in street situation. Finally, in the fourth part, I bring the concerns and problems found in field research. Part of the statements and discourses about the drug users and homeless people has been gone towards the direction of building an image of the contemporary abnormal. Some of the effects of such construction are the new ways of racism manifestation and the criminalization of drug using and street living subjects. By analyzing the practices of in/exclusion under the foucauldian perspective, I realize that both, the policies of gathering and compulsory hospitalization, and the policies of Clinics in Street, are part of the current biopolitical strategies, being the first through the point of view of exclusion and the second through the point of view of inclusion. In a micropolitical level, the encounter between the workers and users of the CiS, are possible different lines of flight, fissures and resistance to the biopolitical perspective that has been wanted to be established. From the practices of CiS workers that I have followed, I could notest several tensions and affections, that culminate, among other things, in a clinic based by the strategy of damage reduction and by something that I called minor clinic. The minor clinic constitutes itself on the practices of subversion to a major clinic, of affirmation of other ways of existence and of deterritorialization and the possibility of production of new designs and collective arrangements, as practices of resistance and confrontation of the fascist actions in the field of health.

Este texto apresenta os resultados da análise de 18 hodônimos do centro urbano de Caxias do Sul, a fim de descobrir os motivos que influenciaram na denominação das ruas desse lugar. Na época da denominação, Caxias do Sul tinha população predominantemente italiana e os italianos não foram contemplados com os nomes dos principais logradouros da cidade. O objetivo foi descobrir por que o grupo majoritário não foi homenageado, levando em considerações as relações de poder. Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental, levando-se em consideração elementos linguísticos e extralinguísticos implícitos e explícitos nestes hodônimos. Apoiada nos princípios teórico-metodológicos da toponímia, com Dauzat e Rostaing, adaptados à realidade brasileira e adotados pela Universidade de São Paulo (USP), especialmente por DICK, e por outras universidades públicas do Brasil, a análise teve como tema investigar as razões que foram determinantes na escolha de nomes não-italianos para designar o grupo de ruas centrais de Caxias do Sul e identificar as implicações sociais, econômicas e, sobretudo, políticas que eles escondem. O poder político foi determinante para a predominância de nomes luso-brasileiros nas ruas analisadas. / This text presents the results of the analysis of 18 names of the city centre streets of Caxias do Sul. The main aim of this study is to identify and give an explanation about the motives which influenced in the denomination of the city centre streets. A documental research was conducted and it took into consideration linguistic and extra linguistic elements implicit and explicit in these denominations. Following methodological theoretical principles of toponymy which are applied to the Brazilian reality and used by the University of São Paulo and other public universities in Brazil, the analysis had as an objective to investigate the reasons which determined the selection of the non-Italian names to designate the group of central streets in Caxias do Sul and identify the social, economic, and especially political implications they hide.