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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
261

Produção e extração de ácido clavulânico por Streptomyces malasyensis DPUA 1571 por fermentação convencional e extrativa utilizando Sistema de Duas Fases Aquosas

CUNHA, Márcia Nieves Carneiro da 30 March 2014 (has links)
Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-13T15:36:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Nieves Carneiro da Cunha.pdf: 1895206 bytes, checksum: 69a6b07c6d8f6d7284d8b6a3598e376d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T15:36:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Nieves Carneiro da Cunha.pdf: 1895206 bytes, checksum: 69a6b07c6d8f6d7284d8b6a3598e376d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-30 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Clavulanic acid is a β-lactam antibiotic, consisting of a β-lactam ring fused to oxazolidine ring. This compound is used clinically in combination with conventional β-lactam antibiotics. The present study evaluated the simultaneous extraction and production of clavulanic acid by Streptomyces malasyensis DPUA 1571 by extractive fermentation using Aqueous Two-Phase Systems (ATPS). Initially, a study of the stability of commercial clavulanic acid in polyethylene glycol (PEG) and citrate solutions at different concentrations and extraction of this compound in ATPS composed of PEG/citrate realized. In the following stage of the present work clavulanic acid production by Streptomyces malasyensis DPUA 1571 by conventional fermentation was performed in order to verify the ability of this microrganism to produce clavulanic acid, and the results obtained made it possible to realization of integrated production and extraction of clavulanic acid using extractive fermentation in ATPS formed by PEG / citrate. Later, there was the influence of different variables in the production of clavulanic acid by Streptomyces malasyensis DPUA 1571 in bioreactor. Studies on the degradation of the clavulanic acid have shown that it is more stable in PEG 20.000 g/mol, pH 6. Due to the results obtained ATPS used partition of clavulanic acid was performed using PEG molar mass 20.000 g/mol. The clavulanic acid was detected in the PEG-rich phase with a concentration of 30% was obtained 188.83 mg/L of clavulanic acid with coefficient K = 3.46 and partition recovery equal to Y = 139.22%. Streptomyces malasyensis DPUA 1571 was capable to produce clavulanic acid, and this production of 387.66 mg/L after 72 hours of cultivation, and production was made possible by extractive fermentation. In this process, the largest concentration of clavulanic acid (337.8 mg.L) was obtained from the PEG-rich phase, were used when higher concentrations of citrate and PEG (25%). Values of partition coefficient of 1.6 and yields of up to 98.2%. In a third step of this work, the production of clavulanic acid by Streptomyces malasyensis DPUA 1571 was performed in bioreactor bench (2.0L). After 120 hours of culture, higher high concentration of clavulanic acid (2241.38 mg/L) were observed. Results concluding that Streptomyces malasyensis DPUA 1571 is a promising source of clavulanic acid with potential for application in the pharmaceutical area. / O ácido clavulânico é um antibiótico β-lactâmico, constituído por um anel β-lactâmico condensado a um anel oxazolidina. Este composto é utilizado clinicamente em combinações com antibióticos β-lactâmicos convencionais. No presente trabalho foi avaliada a produção e extração simultânea de ácido clavulânico por Streptomyces malasyensis DPUA 1571 através de fermentação extrativa utilizando Sistemas de Duas Fases Aquosas (SDFA). Inicialmente foi realizado um estudo da estabilidade do ácido clavulânico comercial em soluções de Polietilenoglicol (PEG) e soluções de citrato em diferentes concentrações, e a extração deste composto por SDFA compostos por PEG/citrato. Na etapa seguinte do presente trabalho foi realizada a produção do ácido clavulânico por Streptomyces malasyensis DPUA 1571 por fermentação convencional, visando verificar a capacidade deste micro-organismo em produzir ácido clavulânico, e os resultados obtidos viabilizaram a realização da produção e extração integradas do ácido clavulânico utilizando fermentação extrativa em SDFA formados por PEG/citrato. Posteriormente, verificou-se a influência de diferentes variáveis na produção de ácido clavulânico por Streptomyces malasyensis DPUA 1571 em biorreator. Os estudos sobre a degradação do ácido clavulânico demonstraram que este é mais estável em PEG 20.000 g/mol, a pH 6. Devido aos resultados obtidos os SDFA utilizados para a partição do ácido clavulânico foram realizados utilizando PEG com massa molar 20.000 g/mol. O ácido clavulânico foi detectado na fase rica em PEG com concentração de 30%, sendo obtido 188,83 mg/L de ácido clavulânico, com coeficiente de partição de K=3,46 e com recuperação igual a Y=139,22%. Streptomyces malasyensis DPUA 1571 foi capaz de produzir ácido clavulânico, sendo esta produção de 387.66 mg/L após 72 horas de cultivo, e a produção por fermentação extrativa foi viabilizada. Neste processo a maior concentração de ácido clavulânico (337, 8 mg.L-1) foi obtida na fase rica em PEG, quando foram utilizadas as maiores concentrações de PEG e citrato (25%). Valores de coeficiente de partição de 1,6 e rendimentos de até 98,2% foram obtidos. Em uma terceira etapa deste trabalho, foi realizada a produção do ácido clavulânico por Streptomyces malasyensis DPUA 1571 em biorreator de bancada (2.0L). Após 120 horas de cultivo foi observada alta concentração de ácido clavulânico (2241,38 mg/L). Resultados que permitem concluir que Streptomyces malasyensis DPUA 1571 é uma promissora fonte de ácido clavulânico com potencial para aplicação na área farmacêutica.
262

Compostos antimicrobianos produzidos por Streptomyces Spp.

Silva, Ingrid Reis da 24 February 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Alisson Mota (alisson.davidbeckam@gmail.com) on 2015-07-06T20:07:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Ingrid Reis da Silva.pdf: 9439671 bytes, checksum: 3eaa62300bf402ca99f08e88685a0dcb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-06T20:34:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Ingrid Reis da Silva.pdf: 9439671 bytes, checksum: 3eaa62300bf402ca99f08e88685a0dcb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-06T20:36:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Ingrid Reis da Silva.pdf: 9439671 bytes, checksum: 3eaa62300bf402ca99f08e88685a0dcb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-06T20:40:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Ingrid Reis da Silva.pdf: 9439671 bytes, checksum: 3eaa62300bf402ca99f08e88685a0dcb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-06T20:40:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Ingrid Reis da Silva.pdf: 9439671 bytes, checksum: 3eaa62300bf402ca99f08e88685a0dcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / Não Informada / The increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria encourages the search for new antibacterial substances. Therefore, the selection of microorganisms with potential for production of new antimicrobial compounds have been extensively studied. Among these organisms a special attention is given to the actinomycetes that have the capacity to produce a variety of bioactive compounds such as antibiotics, antifungal, antitumor and other compounds that can be applied in various industry segments. The genus Streptomyces is considered of great industrial importance due to its ability to produce many secondary metabolites, accounting for 80% of currently used antibiotics. Considering the importance of actinomycetes and existing biodiversity in the Amazon, this study aims to isolate and select actinomycetes producing antibiotics and optimize their production. In this sense, he was made an initial screening to detect the antimicrobial activity of 371 actinomycetes isolated from soil from different localities in the Amazon region. Antibiosis trials were conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against the indicator microorganisms isolated Gram-positive and Gram-negative. From these preliminary results, three isolates were considered promising because it showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 292123. These were selected for the study of production, using the response surface model to assess the best physical and chemical conditions that might interfere with production of the antibiotic of interest. The results presented here demonstrate that the isolate No. 01 is a potential producer of new bioactive metabolites. Morphological characterization and partial sequence analysis of 16S rDNA, demonstrate the great diversity of this group of microorganisms, and can thus identify the genus level. It has been shown that environmental conditions and the substrate are critical in the production of secondary metabolites, especially antibiotics. / O aumento crescente de bactérias resistentes a antibióticos incentiva à pesquisa por novas substâncias antibacterianas. Diante disso, a seleção de microrganismos com potencial para a produção de novos compostos antimicrobianos tem sido amplamente estudada. Dentre estes microrganismos uma especial atenção é dada aos actinomicetos que apresentam capacidade de produzir uma variedade de compostos bioativos como antibióticos, antifúngicos, antitumorais entre outros compostos que podem ser aplicados nos mais diversos segmentos da indústria. O gênero Streptomyces é considerado de grande importância industrial devido à sua capacidade de produzir muitos metabólitos secundários, respondendo por 80% dos antibióticos utilizados atualmente. Considerando a importância dos actinomicetos e a biodiversidade existente na Amazônia, este trabalho tem como objetivo isolar e selecionar actinomicetos produtores de antibióticos e otimizar a produção dos mesmos. Neste sentido, foi feito uma triagem inicial para detectar a atividade antimicrobiana dos 371 actinomicetos isolados de solo de diferentes localidades da região Amazônica. Foram realizados ensaios de antibiose para avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana dos isolados frente aos microrganismos indicadores Gram-positivos e Gram-negativos. A partir desses resultados preliminares, 3 isolados foram considerados promissores, pois apresentaram atividade inibitória frente a Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 e Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 292123. Estes,foram selecionados para o estudos de produção, utilizando o modelo de superfície de resposta, para avaliar as melhores condições físicas e químicas que possam interferir na produção do antibiótico de interesse. Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho demonstraram que o isolado n° 01 é um potencial produtor de novos metabólitos bioativos. A caracterização morfológica e a análise da seqüência parcial da região 16S do rDNA, demonstram a grande diversidade deste grupo de microrganismos, sendo possível assim, a identificação a nível de gênero. Foi demonstrado que as condições ambientais e do substrato são fundamentais na produção de metabólitos secundários, principalmente antimicrobianos.
263

Caracterização do gene ftsH de Streptomyces sp Y7 / Caracterization of ftsH gene of Streptomyces sp Y7

Paixão, Cinthia Ferreira da 14 December 2002 (has links)
Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-11-10T17:07:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cintia Ferreira da Paixão - 2002.pdf: 501587 bytes, checksum: f00ca727b973e5102f7af9c24d03a9ee (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-11-10T17:07:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cintia Ferreira da Paixão - 2002.pdf: 501587 bytes, checksum: f00ca727b973e5102f7af9c24d03a9ee (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T17:07:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cintia Ferreira da Paixão - 2002.pdf: 501587 bytes, checksum: f00ca727b973e5102f7af9c24d03a9ee (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-12-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The actinomycets are Gram-positive bacterias, aerobic with rich DNA in G+C (larger than 60%) and immobile. They are found practically in all the environment, forming ramified filaments or hyphae that persist in the mycelium form. The Streptomyces constitutes 90% of the isolated actinomycets of the soils, in spite of they are also found in aquatic atmospheres and interior of some plants. They stand out for the diversity of production of hidrolytics enzymes and antibiotics, 70% of the know antibiotics are produced by those microorganisms. Aiming to clone genes with biotechnological interest, a genomic libraries of the Streptomyces sp Y7 isolated of the soil of Cerrado was constructed. After the analyses of the sequences of the genomics libraries of Streptomyces sp Y7, it was selected a plasmid named pFS8, that displayed similarity with ftsH genes. The ftsH gene encodes a metalloprotease ATPase and Zn+2 dependent, belongs to the AAA family (ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities). It is involved with several cellular functions such as secretory proteins export and degradation of transcriptional factors (sigma 32 and Lambda CII). The data of sequencing showed that the ftsH gene was incomplete. In order to characterize if the product of this gene showed biological activity, it was made tests to evaluate the functionality of the fusions proteins in an ftsH-negative E.coli strain AR3291. AR3291 cells transformed with this plasmid showed a general growth advantage upon the cells AR3291. The protein produced did not present toxicant effects for cells AR3289, which had normal ftsH gene. The truncated protein obtained was also analyzed to prediction of the structure “coiled-coil”, that is common to the other FtsH studied, and the results showed those truncated proteins did nor form “coiled-coil” structure. We also tested whether fusion proteins decreased or inhibited the defective transfer of citosolic proteins. / Os actinomicetos são bactérias Gram-positivas, aeróbicas e com DNA rico em G+C (mais que 60%). São encontrados em quase todos ambientes, formando hifas ramificadas que persistem na forma de micélio. Os Streptomyces constituem cerca de 90% dos actinomicetos isolados de solos, apesar de serem encontrados em ambientes aquáticos e no interior de algumas plantas. Os Streptomyces são grandes produtores de enzimas hidrolíticas e antibióticos, 70 % dos antibióticos conhecidos são produzidos por esses microrganismos. Com o objetivo de clonar genes de interesse biotecnológico, foi construída uma biblioteca genômica de Streptomyces sp Y7 isolado de solo de Cerrado. A partir das análises das seqüências das bibliotecas genômicas foi selecionado o plasmídeo pFS8 que apresentava homologia com o gene ftsH. O gene ftsH codifica uma metaloprotease ATP Zn2+ dependente, pertencente a família AAA (ATPases Associadas a diversas Atividades celulares). Os dados do seqüenciamento mostraram que o gene ftsH clonado estava incompleto. A fim de caracterizar o produto do gene ftsH, foram feitos testes para avaliar a funcionalidade dessas proteínas de fusão em células mutadas para o gene ftsH (AR3291). A proteína de fusão produzida por pFS9 é capaz de recuperar o crescimento das células AR3291 e a proteína produzida por pFS8 não apresenta efeitos tóxicos para células AR3289, que não têm mutação para o gene ftsH. Também foi analisado se as proteínas produzidas por pFS8 e pFS9 formam a estrutura “coiled coil” que é comum aos outros organismos estudados. Outra característica analisada nesse trabalho foi a capacidade da proteína produzida por pFS9 diminuir ou inibir a translocação anormal de proteínas para o meio externo. Os resultados mostram que essa proteína não inibe a translocação de proteínas para o meio externo, enquanto que a proteína produzida por pFS8 apresenta efeito contrário a proteína produzida por pFS9.
264

Identification and characterisation of hemicellulases from thermophilic Actinomycetes

Matthews, Lesley-Ann A. January 2010 (has links)
Magister Scientiae - MSc / To ensure the sustainability of bioethanol production, major attention has been directed to develop feedstocks which provide an alternative to food-crop biomass. Lignocellulosic (LC) biomass, which is chiefly composed of industrial plant residues, is a carbon-rich reservoir that is presently attracting much attention. However LC material is highly recalcitrant to bioprocessing and requires a mixture of physical and enzymatic pretreatment in order to liberate fermentable sugars. Thermostable enzymes are extremely desirable for use in thermophilic fermentations due to their inherent stability. Hemicellulose, a core constituent of LC, requires a cascade of hemicellulases to stimulate the depolymerisation of its xylan backbone. α-L-arabinofuranosidase (AFase) increases the rate of lignocellulose biodegradation by cleaving arabinofuranosyl residues from xylan thereby increasing the accessibility of other hemicellulases. Twenty thermophilic Actinomycete isolates were screened for AFase activity using pnp-arabinofuranoside as the substrate. Three strains (ORS #1, NDS #4 and WBDS #9) displayed significant AFase activity and were identified as Streptomyces species with 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Genomic DNA was isolated from these strains and a cosmid library constructed in the shuttle vector pDF666. Subsequent functional and PCR-based screening revealed no positive clones. / South Africa
265

Optimización del crecimiento celular de Streptomyces sp. del Salar de Tara: evaluación de parámetros

Guerrero Cassanello, Sebastián Ignacio January 2019 (has links)
Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil en Biotecnología / Este trabajo de título es motivado por la búsqueda de nuevos anticancerígenos y antibióticos provenientes de microorganismos de ambientes naturales y extremos, como los provenientes del Desierto de Atacama. Por lo cual, se busca optimizar el crecimiento celular de cepas de Streptomyces del Salar de Tara, maximizando su biomasa final y minimizando su tiempo de crecimiento. Además, realizar una reflexión ética sobre los alcances del trabajo realizado y su relación con la ética profesional. En la metodología a emplear, en primer lugar, se buscó corroborar el comportamiento alcalífilo de estas cepas y probar una fuente de carbono alternativa al almidón. Luego, se realizaron pruebas para encontrar el pH y T° óptimos, para después determinar la cinética del microrganismo en estas condiciones. Posteriormente, se escaló el cultivo a un biorreactor de un 1 L, realizando en 1° lugar una fermentación controlando la T° y agitación, para luego realizar un segundo cultivo manteniendo constante el pH del medio. Además, se realizó una discusión ética mediante un marco conceptual, abordando las características de la actividad tecnocientífica desde el autor Javier Echeverría y el principio de responsabilidad de Hans Jonas, como el Principio Precautorio de la UNESCO, la Declaración de Singapur y un análisis de los fines de la actividad profesional. Los resultados del trabajo permiten corroborar que las cepas del Salar de Tara presentan un crecimiento alcalífilo, como también, que el almidón es una mejor fuente de carbono frente a la glucosa. Para los estudios posteriores se trabajó con la cepa más prometedora, desde un punto de vista terapéutico, la ST2-7A. Se encontró el pH y la T° óptima, siendo 10 y 33°C, respectivamente. Al escalar a un biorreactor de 1 L se redujo la fase exponencial de 12 a 3 horas, un aumento de 10 veces de la tasa máxima de crecimiento y un incremento de un 99% de la biomasa al llegar al estado estacionario, frente a las mismas condiciones en un volumen menor. Al controlar el pH se inhibió el crecimiento celular, teniendo una biomasa final un 45% menor frente al caso anterior. Además, se reflexiona sobre los alcances del trabajo realizado, reconociendo a la biotecnología como una actividad tecnocientífica, planteando la problemática de encontrar nuevos compuestos con fines terapéuticos provenientes un ambiente natural. Realizando así un análisis desde el principio de responsabilidad y su extensión a uno axiológico, como la necesidad de incorporar en los fines de la actividad profesional, de científicos e ingenieros, el principio de responsabilidad en un marco axiológico de la acción tecnocientífica. De esta forma, se propone seguir investigando el mejor pH para el cultivo y seguir añadiendo variables al control de este, como sería encontrar la agitación y la presión de oxígeno óptimas, además de estudiar las fases posteriores del proceso de crecimiento.
266

Optimización de la producción de agentes terapeuticos en streptomyces leeuwenhoekii del desierto de Atacama

Bonilla Zúñiga, Martín Clemente Alfonso January 2019 (has links)
Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil en Biotecnología / La resistencia a antibióticos generada en las bacterias es un fenómeno natural que se ve acelerado por el uso excesivo e inadecuado de los antibióticos, lo que genera una necesidad por descubrir nuevos compuestos bioactivos que puedan suplir esa función. Streptomyces leeuwenhoekii C34 es una bacteria del desierto de Atacama que produce metabolitos llamados chaxamicinas y chaxalactinas, los cuales poseen bioactividad contra Staphylococcus aureus y E. coli. En este proyecto se buscan las condiciones óptimas para la producción de metabolitos especializados mediante la optimización de las condiciones de temperatura y pH, y concentración de glicerol en el medio de cultivo. Para ello, se estudia la diferencia en el nivel de producción de chaxamicinas mediante la medición del diámetro de los halos de inhibición de crecimiento producidos en placas de Petri inoculadas con S. aureus y expuestas al medio de cultivo de S. leeuwenhoekii C34. Adicionalmente, se realizan simulaciones en el modelo de escala genómica iVR1007 de S. leeuwenhoekii C34 para realizar predicciones y comparar con los resultados experimentales. Se obtuvo las condiciones óptimas de los parámetros, que corresponden a 33 [°C], pH 6 y 65 [g/L] de glicerol para crecimiento, y 37 [°C], pH 6,5-7 y 5 [g/L] de glicerol para producción de metabolitos especializados. A partir de la optimización de la concentración de glicerol, se obtuvo un valor máximo para la producción de metabolitos especializados de 5,428 [cm gDW-1 L-1], que es 135 veces más alto que el caso no optimizado. Las condiciones óptimas obtenidas se encuentran dentro de los rangos entregados por estudios previos para el caso de producción y para el caso de crecimiento, salvo para pH. Se determinó que la mejor alternativa para producción industrial era separar el proceso en una fase de crecimiento y otra de producción. Dicho proceso tentativo utiliza menor cantidad de insumos que las alternativas de síntesis química (representados por la ciprofloxacina en este estudio) presentes en el mercado, insumos que, en contraste, no son tóxicos. Las tendencias para crecimiento y producción de metabolitos predichas por las simulaciones coinciden en términos generales con las de los resultados experimentales. Sin embargo, se aprecian ciertas diferencias causadas en parte porque el modelo no incluye restricciones relacionadas con elementos regulatorios.
267

Caracterización de nuevos lazo péptidos producidos por Streptomyces SP. HST28

Negrete Godoy, Anariky Esperanza January 2018 (has links)
Magíster en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Mención Química. Ingeniera Civil en Biotecnología / El estudios de Streptomyces, bacterias Gram positivas del filo Actinobacteria y cosmopolitas (encontradas en diferentes tipos de ambientes), ha llevado al descubrimiento de un gran número de metabolitos secundarios con potencial terapéutico. Uno de los nuevos tipos de moléculas producidas por estas bacterias son los lazo péptidos. Estos se caracterizan por formar un lazo dentro de su estructura y por presentar actividad antimicrobiana, citotóxica contra diferentes líneas celulares de cáncer y actividad inhibitoria de la replicación de ciertos virus, entre otras. Nuevos estudios han hallado cepas de Streptomyces en ambientes extremos. Una de ellas es la cepa Streptomyces sp. HST28 aislada desde el Salar de Huasco en el norte chileno. Análisis de actividad realizados a este organismo arrojaron potencial antibiótico, antifúngico y citotóxico, además su genoma fue secuenciado dando paso a la realización de minería de genomas sobre su secuencia. El presente trabajo se enfocó en la identificación de los lazo péptidos presentes en Streptomyces sp. HST28 y su caracterización. Para esto se utilizó la estrategia de minería de genomas ubicando los clústers de genes de estos péptidos, luego estos clústers fueron reconstruidos de manera bioinformática. Como segunda etapa se realizó la expresión heteróloga de cada lazo péptido empleando como huésped Streptomyces coelicolor M1152 y M1154. Una vez clonados se detectó el péptido a través de espectrometría de masa y se evaluó su la actividad. Paralelamente al estudio de laboratorio se realizó una investigación in silico de cada lazo péptido creando modelos por homología de secuencia y estructurales, usando como plantilla o molde lazo péptidos ya descritos y caracterizados estructuralmente, buscando similitudes en campos electrostáticos, distribuciones de hidrofobicidad y espaciales. Se encontraron cuatro clústers de genes de lazo péptidos en el genoma de Streptomyces sp. HST28, nombrados como LP1, LP2, LP3 y LP4. Tres de estos lazo péptidos fueron clasificados como clase II y uno de clase I (LP1). La organización de sus clústers es acorde a lo encontrado en bibliografía a excepción del de LP3. Las secuencias codificantes para los cuatro péptidos se clonaron en el vector pIJ10257, que posee el promotor constitutivo ermE*. Solo LP1 y LP3 fueron clonados exitosamente en S. colelicolor M1152, el producto predicho para LP1 no fue encontrado en los clones analizados por espectrometría de masa. En la investigación in silico se logró modelar los cuatro lazo péptidos y se realizó una comparación preliminar con otras estructuras, deduciendo que es posible implementar esta metodología para tener una aproximación del comportamiento de estas moléculas.
268

Exploration of Genome Length, Burst Time, and Burst Size of Streptomyces griseus Bacteriophages

Maneekul, Jindanuch 05 1900 (has links)
Since phages use the host resources to replicate themselves after infection, the different sizes of the phage genome should influence the replication rate. We, therefore, hypothesized that the smaller genomes should burst the cell faster than the larger ones. As well, the shorter genomes would have greater burst sizes because they should replicate faster. Here, we obtained 16 phages of various genome length. All phages were isolated on Streptomyces griseus and available in our phage bank at the University of North Texas. We performed one-step growth studies for the 16 phages, as well as determined the host doubling time from its growth curve. The results show that S. griseus grown in nutrient broth has a doubling time of 5 hours and 22 minutes. This doubling time is used as a guideline for the phage growth studies. Because the filamentous nature of the host caused several difficulties during the experiment, we isolated single cells by sonication and centrifugation. After the cell number was determined by viable cell count, the cells were infected with each type of phage using a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.5. The results show that phages' burst times range between 45 (±0, standard error) and 420 (±30) minutes and burst sizes from 12 (±0) to 1500 (±60) The statistical analyses show that there is no correlation between either genome size and burst time (R= -0.01800, P=0.97894) or genome size and burst size (R= -0.32678, P=0.21670). We further performed the comparative genomics studies to investigate whether the phages with similar burst times and burst sizes show similar genome structures. The studies show that Eddasa and Lorelei have similar burst times of 45 to 60 minutes and share 52 homologs. For burst size, only Tribute and Blueeyedbeauty that have similar burst sizes of 21-30, and they are genetically related because of the 48 shared homologs. Although this study did not find any correlation between genome size and burst time/burst size, it provides a foundation for further studies to determine what regulates these two traits.
269

Laccases from actinomycetes for lignocellulose degradation

Mamphogoro, Tshifhiwa Paris January 2012 (has links)
>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Lignocellulose has a complex structure composed mainly of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. Several enzymes are needed for the degradation of lignocellulose into simple sugars. Actinomycetes are known to produce laecases which are able to degrade lignin. Laccase activities were detected in actinomycete strains MS26 isolated from soil collected from the Zambian Copperbelt and DFNR17 isolated from soil collected from a New Zealand farm. Morphological .studies showed that the strains produced extensively branched substrate mycelia and aerial hyphae. Micromorphological characteristics were consistent with the assignment of these strains to the genus Streptomyces. Isolates were found to be mesophiles, with growth occurring in a temperature range of 16 and 45°C. Optimal growth occurred at temperatures between 30 and 37°C. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the strains showed that strain MS26 had the highest sequence similarity (99%) to Streptomyces atrovirens strain NRRLB-16357 and Streptomyces viridodiastaticus strain IFO 13106. Strain DFNR17 had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99%) to Streptomyces althioticus strain KCTC9752. The strains shared several physiological and biochemical characteristics with their closest neighbours which, along with 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, confirmed that the strains were members of the genus Streptomyces. Attempts to identify the laecase genes from these isolates by screening a fosmid library failed. Subsequently isolates were screened by PCR using laccase-like cooper oxidase degenerate primers designed from several Streptomyces strains. A 300 bp amplicon was obtained from both isolates. Phylogenetic analysis was performed and both amplicons from strains MS26 and DFNR17 had the highest similarities with the copper oxidase gene from Streptomyces griseoflavus strain Tu4000. Therefore it is probable that the laecase activity observed for these strains is due to the activity of copper oxidase gene products.
270

Exploring the Capacity of Bacteria for Natural Product Biosynthesis

Fidan, Ozkan 01 August 2019 (has links)
This dissertation is focused on exploring the potential of bacteria for the biosynthesis of natural products with the purposes of generating novel natural product derivatives and of improving the titer of pharmaceutically important natural products. A wide variety of compounds from various sources have been historically used in the treatment and prevention of diseases. Natural products as a major source of new drugs are extensively explored due to their huge structural diversity and promising biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antifungal, antiviral and antioxidant properties. For instance, penicillin as an early-discovered antimicrobial agent has saved millions of lives, indicating the historical importance of natural products. However, the alarming rise in the prevalence of drug resistance is a serious threat to public health and it has coincided with the decreasing supply of new antibiotics. Bacteria with a tremendous undiscovered potential have still been one of the richest sources of bioactive compounds to tackle the growing threat of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Nevertheless, the production level of those important compounds is often quite low, and often undetectable using current analytical techniques. To expand the chemical repertoire of nature and to increase the titer of the natural products, researchers have developed various strategies, such as heterologous expression, co-cultivation of different bacteria, optimization of fermentation conditions, discovery of new species, engineering of biosynthetic enzymes, and manipulating regulatory elements. Thus, in my dissertation research, I have exploited a few of these strategies. First, I heterologously expressed some of the biosynthetic genes from the sch biosynthetic gene cluster, resulted in the production of a novel glycosylated angucycline. I was also able to generate another new glycosylated derivative of angucycline through gene disruption of tailoring enzymes. In this research, I isolated two novel angucycline derivatives and gained new insights into the glycosylation steps in the biosynthesis of Sch47554 and Sch47555. Next, I engineered the regulatory elements in Streptomyces sp. SCC-2136 through the overexpression and targeted gene disruption approaches for enhanced production of pharmaceutically important angucyclines. The highest titer of Sch47554 was achieved in Streptomyces sp. SCC-2136/ΔschA4 (27.94 mg/L), which is significantly higher than the wild type. This work thus provides an initial understanding of functional roles of regulatory elements in the biosynthesis of Sch47554 and Sch47555 and several engineered strains with enhanced production of Sch47554. Last, I isolated a carotenoid-producing endophytic bacterium from the leaves of the yew tree and optimized the fermentation conditions for an improved yield of zeaxanthin diglucoside up to 206 ± 6 mg/L. With the introduction of an additional copy of the Pscrt gene cluster through an expression plasmid, the engineered strain Pseudomonas sp. 102515/pOKF192 produced zeaxanthin diglucoside at 380 ± 12 mg/L, which is 85% higher than the parent strain. This strain holds a great potential for the production of pharmaceutically important antioxidant agent, zeaxanthin diglucoside.

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