Fundação Centro de Ciências e Educação Superior a Distância do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Esta tese de doutoramento tem como objeto as experiências de atores e atrizes na criação e apresentação de monólogos no Rio de Janeiro, a partir de 2006. Esta experiência artística é refletida aqui a partir de questões clássicas das Ciências Sociais sobre o indivíduo moderno, tais como as da singularidade, autenticidade e originalidade. A questão da autoria de tais monólogos é relacionada a perspectivas ligadas à ideologia individualista ocidental, tais como as da autonomia artística e construção de si, nas complexas imbricações entre o artista (ator/indivíduo criador) e sua obra (monólogo/performance/encenação/texto). O monólogo visto como um amplo projeto artístico, que abrange a experiência de sua elaboração, produção, apresentação e repercussão torna-se um objeto processual de autorreflexão do artista sobre si mesmo e sobre o mundo. O monólogo pode ser visto como uma experiência artística pessoal, onde a perspectiva autoral é posta em primeiro plano, dinamizando e realimentando aspectos associados à crença em um modelo de indivíduo que se expressa por um sujeito capaz de se autodefinir, mas que, neste contexto, encontra expressões particulares. Para esta abordagem, analiso três experiências monológicas: O Animal do Tempo, protagonizada pela atriz Ana Kfouri; A Alma Imoral, adaptada e protagonizada por Clarice Niskier; e Anticlássico: uma desconferência ou o enigma vazio, concebida e encenada pela atriz Alessandra Colasanti. / This Doctorate thesis has as object the experiences of actors and actresses in the creation and presentation of monologues in Rio de Janeiro, from 2006 to 2010. The analysis of this artistic experience is based on classic topics of Social Sciences concerning the modern individual, such as singularity, authenticity and originality. The matter of authorship concerning such monologues is related to perspectives on the western individualistic ideology such as the artistic autonomy and the construction of self, in the complex interweavement of the artist (actor/creative individual) and his/her artwork (monologue/performance/mise-en-scène/text). The monologue seen as an ample artistic project, including the experience of its elaboration, production, presentation, critics and commentaries is an object in progress from which the artist reflects upon him/herself and the world. The monologue can be seen as a personal artistic experience, where the authorial perspective is privileged, stressing and reinforcing aspects regarding the belief in an individual model that express itself as a person capable of self definition. For this research, I analyze three monological experiences: O Animal do Tempo, starred by Ana Kfouri; A Alma Imoral, adapted and starred by Clarice Niskier; and Anticlássico: uma desconferência ou o enigma vazio, created and staged by Alessandra Colasanti.

This descriptive investigation explores experimentation of the disease in 15 schizophrenic patients from the perspective of the patients themselves through semistructured interviews. The most significan! testimonies were the attribution of the disease to a lack of orientation from the parents, the perception of difficulties in learning and attention abilities in class and the scarce and conflictive interpersonal relationships. Having an occupation, psychological support and stability in their Ji ves were mentioned as aspects that contribute to significan! improvement. Feelings like fear, depression, lack of peace among others are inherent aspects of the disease. In our opinion listening to the patient helps to better understand the experiencing of schizophrenia. / La presente es una investigación de nivel descriptivo que explora la experiencia de la enfermedaden quince pacientes esquizofrénicos desde su propia perspectiva mediante una entrevista semiestructurada. Los testimonios más significativos fueron la atribución de la enfermedad a la falta de orientación por parte de los padres; la percepción de dificultades en las capacidades deaprendizaje y atención desde la etapa escolar, y las conflictivas y escasas relaciones interpersonales.El tener una ocupación, la ayuda psicológica y el gozar de tranquilidad fueron señaladoscomo aspectos que contribuirían a una mejoría. Sentimientos como el miedo, la depresión, la intranquilidad, entre otros son aspectos inherentes a la vivencia de la enfermedad y creemos que prestarles atención ayuda a comprender mejor la experiencia de la esquizofrenia.

This thesis evaluates the integrated information theory (IIT) by looking at how it may answer some central problems of consciousness that the author thinks any theory of consciousness should be able to explain. The problems concerned are the mind-body problem, the hard problem, the explanatory gap, the binding problem, and the problem of objectively detecting consciousness. The IIT is a computational theory of consciousness thought to explain the rise of consciousness. First the mongrel term consciousness is defined to give a clear idea of what is meant by consciousness in this thesis; followed by a presentation of the IIT, its origin, main ideas, and some implications of the theory. Thereafter the problems of consciousness will be presented, and the explanation the IIT gives will be investigated. In the discussion, some not perviously—in the thesis—discussed issues regarding the theory will be lifted. The author finds the IIT to hold explanations to each of the problems discussed. Whether the explanations are satisfying is questionable.

This diploma thesis deals with experiencing emotions and emotional habituation. The aim of the work was to compare changes in subjectively felt intensity of emotional experience and physiological responses during repeated affective stimulation. In the theoretical part were presented the concepts of affective experience and emotional habituation, their biological basis and methods of investigation. The empirical part is devoted to an experiment in which sets of positive and negative picture (IAPS database) and sets of videos in different order were repeatedly presented to group of 124 people. During the presentation were observed changes in subjective evaluation of stimuli and in physiological responses (skin conductance, skin temperature). The habituation process has been tested with regard to the order of stimuli. The results demonstrated that habituation process were present at a subjective level. Also habituation process occured for the physiological indicator, the skin temperature in the part of group that saw for the first stimulus set of positive videos. The habituation of skin conductance did not appear, on the contrary its values increase with a series of repetitions. There is some probability, that subjective and physiological habituation are independent to each other. Previous affective...

This study set out to explore the subjective experience of crises and life changes in the family which precede the onset of schizophrenia. The motivation for it arose from the vulnerability-stress model of schizophrenia which proposes that environmental factors such as stressful life events may help to trigger the onset or exacerbation of symptoms in people who have a genetic vulnerability for the condition. Related research suggests that crises and life changes in the family can contribute to the stress experienced by those who go on to become psychologically disturbed. This has led to an increased interest in accessing the subjective experience of schizophrenia as shared by individuals and their families through the use of narratives to provide alternative perspectives on the condition. Indeed, a growing body of evidence from research conducted with people diagnosed with schizophrenia suggests that the content of their actions and statements can be construed as meaningful and logical in the context of their family and life situations. Four individuals who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia and their families participated in this study. In each case study, two interviews were conducted, one with the individual participant and a second interview with the individual and those members of their family that were willing to attend. The interviews were guided by a semistructured interview schedule and data from the interviews was analysed using content analyses and the most prominent themes were discussed in relation to the literature. The themes in the data describe the participants’ subjective experience of the many crises and life events and change in psychological functioning that precedes the onset of florid psychotic symptoms. These findings suggest that the schizophrenic symptoms of the participants in this study helped to absorb the impact of family stressors and played a fundamental role in keeping the family systems intact. The associated behaviour appeared to sustain the roles in the family as well as long-standing patterns of interaction between the family members. The numerous interacting influences and sheer variation in the experience of just four families indicates that much still needs to be understood about the experience of schizophrenia. It is recommended that future research investigate how the subjective understanding of schizophrenia affects the lives of those affected. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Psychology / unrestricted

Los participantes en deportes extremos usualmente han sido estudiados desde la perspectiva de riesgo. El presente estudio busca alejarse de dicha preconcepción y tiene como objetivo estudiar la experiencia subjetiva emocional. Se empleó una metodología cualitativa con diseño fenomenológico-hermenéutico tomando como herramienta sistemas conversacionales. Los informantes fueron 8 deportistas extremos pertenecientes a un mismo grupo. Dentro de los deportes extremos se incluyen: Escalada de montaña, rapel, puenting, montañismo y bungee jumping. Los resultados indican que el miedo es generador de libertad, puede ser útil, es gratificante y también es promotor de transformaciones personales. Esta investigación otorga valor teórico al porqué del involucramiento en deportes extremos. / Participants in extreme sports have usually been studied from a risk perspective. The present study seeks to move away from this preconception and aims to study the emotional subjective experience. A qualitative methodology with phenomenological-hermeneutic design was used taking as a tool conversational systems. The informants were 8 extreme athletes belonging to the same group. Extreme sports included were: Mountain climbing, rappelling, bungee jumping, and mountaineering.The results indicate that fear is a generator of freedom, it can be useful, it is rewarding and it is also a promoter of personal transformations. This research gives theoretical value to the reason for involvement in extreme sports. / Tesis

Bakgrund I Sverige drabbas cirka 8500 patienter av hjärtstopp varje år och prevalensen för överlevnad är ungefär 10 procent. Överlevnadschansen har ökat de senaste åren och därför behövs en ökad kunskap och förståelse för hur patienternas upplevelser är och hur omvårdnaden samt uppföljningen bör se ut. Därför är det aktuellt att sammanställa publicerad kunskap för att ge en ökad förståelse för hur omvårdnadsbehovet ser ut och som kan ge sjuksköterskor verktyg för att bättre kunna stödja dessa patienter. Syfte Syftet var att belysa patienters upplevelser av att ha överlevt ett hjärtstopp. Metod Det har genomförts en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt av 15 stycken vetenskapliga originalartiklar för att sammanställa resultatet. De vetenskapliga orginalartiklarna erhölls från databaserna PubMed och CINAHL med hjälp av sökblock med kombinerade sökord. Artiklarna som inkluderades i resultatet har genomgått en kvalitetsgranskning utifrån Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsunderlag för vetenskaplig klassificering och kvalitet. Sedan användes en integrerad dataanalys för att analysera resultatet. Resultat Vid sammanställningen och analyseringen av resultatet så kunde tre huvudkategorier fastställas som utgjorde centrala delar: Upplevelsen efter ett hjärtstopp, Omvårdnaden samt Att återgå till det dagliga livet. Det framgick i resultatet att det fanns ett flertal salutogena faktorer som gav förmån till patienternas återhämtning. Dessa inkluderar bland annat gemenskap med familjen, bättre uppföljning av hälso- och sjukvården samt sammanhang med patienter med liknande erfarenheter. Slutsats Denna litteraturöversikt belyste vitala hälsofrämjande faktorer efter ett överlevt hjärtstopp. Litteraturöversikten påvisade vikten av stöd, både från familj och hälso- och sjukvården samt vikten av sammanhang efter överlevt hjärtstopp. Genom att få en ökad förståelse för hur upplevelsen kan se ut efter ett hjärtstopp kan omhändertagandet av dessa patienter optimeras. / Background In Sweden, approximately 8,500 patients suffer from cardiac arrest each year and the prevalence for survival is approximately 10 percent. The chance of survival has increased in recent years and therefore an increased knowledge and understanding of what the patients' experiences are like and what the care and follow-up should look like is needed. Therefore, it is relevant to compile published knowledge to provide an increased understanding of what the nursing needs look like and which can provide nurses tools tobetter support these patients. Aim The aim was to illuminate patients’ experiences of surviving cardiac arrest. Method A non-systematic literature review of 15 original scientific articles has been conducted to compile the results. The scientific original articles were obtained from the databases PubMed and CINAHL using search blocks with combined keywords. The articles that were included in the result have undergone a quality review based on Sophiahemmet University’s assessment documents for scientific classification and quality. Then an integrated data analysis was used to analyze the results. Results When compiling and analyzing the results, three main categories could be determined which formed central parts: The experience after a cardiac arrest, Nursing care and Returning to daily life. It appeared in the results that there were several salutogenic factors that benefited the patients' recovery. These include, among other things, community with family, better follow-up of health care and connections with patients with similar experiences. Conclusions This literature review highlighted vital health-promoting factors after surviving cardiac arrest. The literature review demonstrated the importance of support, both from family and the health care, as well as the importance of connection after surviving a cardiac arrest. By gaining an increased understanding of what the experience can look like after a cardiac arrest, the care of these patients can be optimized.

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No / While awareness among people with mild to moderate dementia residing in the community has been extensively studied, little evidence has been presented regarding the extent to which people with moderate to severe dementia living in residential care show awareness of their own situation and functioning. The present study aimed to explore how differing degrees of awareness are manifested in the conversations and interactions of people with dementia living in residential care settings, and to identify theoretical and practical implications. Transcripts of 304 conversations with 80 individuals with dementia living in residential care homes in England and Wales were analysed using a grounded theory approach. All 80 participants demonstrated a degree of retained awareness, and there was considerable evidence of retained awareness throughout the conversations, expressed in relation to the three domains of self, relationship, and the environmental context. Two-thirds of participants also demonstrated at least one instance of unawareness, although demonstrations of retained awareness outweighed indications of unawareness. Unawareness was evident in relation to appraisal of functioning and the meaning ascribed to the situation. A grounded theory model of awareness in people with moderate to severe dementia who still communicate verbally proposes that demonstration of awareness involves a set of analytic and behavioural processes, a scope or timescale, and a focus. Awareness is demonstrated in relation to a given focus and scope through the involvement of cognitive processes of varying degrees of complexity, ranging from registering through appraising and interpreting to reflection. Unawareness may be demonstrated in relation to some elements of process, focus or scope, while other aspects remain unaffected. Understanding more about the capacity for retained awareness and the specific ways in which awareness can be compromised may assist care staff in responding effectively to residents' needs.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) share many similarities such as the presence of obsessions and compulsions, a similar age of onset and also similar activation of underlying structures within the brain related to obsessions and compulsion formation. The recently published DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) has grouped the two conditions together in a chapter entitled Obsessive Compulsive -and related disorders, recognising the similarities in presentation. This appeared to echo the classification within the NICE guidelines for OCD and BDD (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2006) where the two conditions were grouped together on the presence of obsessions and compulsions, neurological evidence pointing to the activation of brain areas responsible for obsessive thoughts and compulsive acts alongside strong familial links. Both OCD and BDD were understood (from both sets of guidelines) to respond well to the use of Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors and the treatment use of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. This qualitative research study focuses on the gap in existing literature by studying the lived experience of individuals living with obsessions and compulsions. Much focus has historically remained on understanding the clinical symptomology and underlying constructs as related to living with obsessions and compulsions, through the use of questionnaires or brain imaging. With recent changes in the DSM-V (Statistical Manual for mental Disorders; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) recognising OCD and BDD as part of the same family of conditions, it appeared timely to focus on the individuals living with OCD or BDD and their sense and meaning making as informed by their experiences of obsessions and compulsions.