In 2015, the United Nations developed 17 goals to work towards sustainable development by 2030. Among these goals, goal number seven focuses on providing clean and affordable energy for all, to solve problems such as poverty and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions around the world. In Sub-Saharan Africa, 600 million people live without access to electricity. Furthermore, millions of people in Sub-Sharan Africa die each year because of indoor air pollution that comes from combustible and inefficient energy solutions. Because of these issues, social enterprises are a vital component to be able to work towards providing renewable energy solutions and efficient cooking solutions to households in Sub-Saharan Africa. This thesis analyses social enterprises working within the renewable energy sector in Sub-Saharan Africa, and investigates what a social enterprise must do to succeed. To answer this question, the authors carried out interviews to identify the factors that contribute to success and barriers that prevent the success of social enterprises active within the mentioned sector and region. The answers from the interviews were later on compared with findings from existing literature discussed in a literature review. Social enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa that works within the renewable energy sector must work together with local employees to access knowledge about external factors that could engender barriers. Other barriers that a social enterprise might encounter are linked to profitability and affordability, and what the business is primarily focusing on achieving.    Social networks and financial institutions are of importance for social enterprises to succeed in Sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, by providing excellent customer service together with having the right abilities and knowledge, a social enterprise will have a higher chance of success. One of the most critical variables when aiming for success in the renewable energy sector in Sub-Saharan Africa is to have a well thought out business model before entering a new target market. This thesis concludes that the identified success factors and barriers, along with the explanation behind them, can be used as guidelines for future social enterprises that want to establish in the renewable energy sector in Sub-Sharan Africa.

Background. It is significant to constantly change and improve the software process to thrive in the software market with rapidly changing requirement and situation. However, very small entities(VSEs) have difficulties to adopt software process improvement that have played an important role in software market, because they usually have some unique characteristics, such as informal and fewer documents, tight budget, and less human resources. Therefore, we believe it is necessary to study factors that are crucial to successful conducting SPI, to help inexperienced VSEs with limited resource implement SPI with reasonable cost. Objectives. The overall aim of our research is to analyse critical success factors about successfully conduct software process improvement for Very Small Entities. The objectives are based on the aim as following: 1) Identifying the special characteristics of VSEs which related to conducting SPI, 2) Identifying the state-of-the-art critical success factors when VSEs conducting SPI both in literature and practice: verifying and prioritizing the factors, and 3) Investigating the strategies that VSEs can take in order to successfully implement SPI. Methods. In order to investigate the critical factors and barriers need to focus and avoid during the improvement, we implemented a systematic literature review as the first phase. Then a survey questionnaire as the second phase to validate the results gained from the systematic literature review through consulting industrial software engineers. Results. The final result includes 80 success factors which have been mentioned at least once in the primary studies, a few characteristics of VSEs and strategies for SPI in VSEs. Among the 80 factors, we chose 29 factors as CSFs that were mentioned more than three times, then selected the first 15 CSFs as survey questions material. Through the survey, we gathered the evaluation of all factors from two areas and some suggestion or opinion of SPI in VSEs, explained the 29 CSFs and two ranking tables about top factors from the SLR and the survey, discussed 14 CSFs from both ranking tables, then provided specific strategies for each of the common 8 factors. Conclusions. For helping VSEs that intend to conduct SPI with limited resources, we answered our research questions through SLR and Survey, found 29 state-of-the-art success factors of SPI in VSEs, ranked 15 of them and provided a description, discussion, and strategies. Selected and prioritised success factors would be supportive for VSEs to ration their budget. Furthermore, we hope we can inspire VSEs who are having trouble to implement SPI by providing strategies.

Technical developments are increasing at an accelerated rate, which means that IT service providers must focus on customer relationships and the quality of services they provide in the same way they handle their strategic features and processes. The management of IT services is often related to IT Service Management (ITSM) that helps IT organizations become more adaptable, flexible, cost-effective and service-oriented. ITIL is the most accepted and used process reference model within ITSM. However, many organizations experience difficulties in implementing the framework. Much of ITIL's research is about understanding, identifying and determining which factors have the greatest impact on a successful implementation. Previous research shows that there are three key aspects that all success factors fall within: senior management involvement, organizational commitment and group efficiency. Much of the research, however, has a qualitative character and takes the form of case studies, which are limited in their contributions. However, several case studies combined together can contribute to an increased understanding in the field because they can confirm or contradict other studies. This study aims to explore whether and, if so, how the above-mentioned aspects have influenced an ITIL implementation on a medium-sized IT company. The method used was a qualitative method that took the form of a case study and with semi-structured interviews, it revealed that all aspects affected the implementation in different ways and that there was an interaction between them. The senior management involvement influenced the implementation process by providing the project group with support in the form of necessary resources, enabling implementation. The management's absence also affected the implementation process, more specifically its scope, which made process use being limited to only one specific customer at the beginning, but also the use of inappropriate tools for the implemented processes. Group efficiency had influenced the implementation process, with an emphasis on understanding why the changing work methods results in better structure. This understanding was valued higher than the "traditional hard education", but also experience and knowledge in the field of work where the process acts, was considered a contributing factor. Understanding that change in work methods leads to better structure established an organizational commitment. This research contributes with increased knowledge of implementation factors in ITIL.

A história dos sistemas ERP tem início nos anos 90 com sua adoção por grandes corporações. Seu uso tem se intensificado, bem como suas funcionalidades complementares, com o objetivo de integrar os processos de gestão da empresa dentro e fora do espaço físico tradicional. Já sua adoção pelas organizações tem sido alavancada com objetivo de redução de custos, mas, justamente o custo de sua implantação tem sido um limitador. A possibilidade de utilização do ERP em cloud computing se mostra uma alternativa viável, pois reduz uma série de custos da implantação. No entanto, a implantação do ERP em cloud computing traz influências sobre o formato em que o ERP é implantado, bem como modifica os fatores relevantes (críticos para o sucesso) da sua implantação e utilização. Este trabalho analisa os fatores críticos de sucesso existentes na literatura atual e como estes foram relevantes em implantações feitas em cloud computing nas 3 empresas estudadas. Trata-se então de um estudo de casos realizado a partir de um roteiro de entrevistas, aplicado aos responsáveis pela implantação interna e externamente em três empresas brasileiras de ramos de atuação e sistemas implantados diferentes. Este trabalho apresenta conceitos relacionados aos sistemas ERP e os fatores críticos de sucesso disponíveis na literatura, bem como uma caracterização deste novo ambiente de cloud computing e a relação existente com implantações de ERP já registrados. A partir destes resultados outros estudos podem acompanhar a evolução de cloud computing ligado ao ERP ou a partir de uma base instalada maior, segmentar as análises e até mesmo consolidar metodologias de implantação para este novo formato. Por se tratar de um estudo de caso, as conclusões não podem ser generalizadas para todas as organizações, além disso, a existência de poucos fornecedores e poucas implantações de ERP no formato cloud computing, tratando-se de uma tecnologia muito recente, conferem outra limitação para este estudo. / The history of ERP\'s systems starts in 90 years with the adoption by large corporations. Its use has intensified since then as well as additional features, in order to integrate the company\'s management processes within and outside the traditional physical space. Since its adoption by organizations have been leveraged in order to reduce costs, but, just the cost of its implementation has been a limiter. The usability of ERP on cloud computing proves a viable alternative because it reduces a number of deployment costs. However, the implementation of ERP in cloud computing brings influences on the format in which the ERP is implemented, as well as modify the relevant factors (critical success) of their deployment and use. This paper analyzes the critical success factors in the existing literature and how these were relevant in cloud computing deployments made in 3 companies studied. It is then a case study carried out from a set of interviews applied to those responsible for implementing internally and externally in three Brazilian companies midsize segments of operation and different systems deployed. This paper presents concepts related to ERP systems and the critical success factors available in the literature, as well as a characterization of this new cloud computing environment and the relationship with existing ERP implementations already registered. From these results, other studies may follow the evolution of cloud computing ERP connected to or from a larger installed base, segment analysis and even consolidate deployment methodologies for this new format. Because it is a case study, the findings can\'t be generalized to all organizations, moreover, that there are few suppliers and few ERP implementations in the format cloud computing, as it is a very recent technology, provide another limitation for this study.

Esta pesquisa aborda a Indústria de Apoio Marítimo por meio de uma visão estratégica. Trata-se de um problema relacionado à identificação e mapeamento dos Fatores Críticos de Sucesso (FCSs). A indústria de apoio marítimo é um importante segmento da cadeia de petróleo, pois, participa desde as fases iniciais, envolvendo a prospecção de um campo, até o fim da vida útil por meio da desativação dos poços de petróleo. A presente tese se propõe a analisar a indústria de apoio marítimo, caracterizando os aspectos mais importantes e impactantes, por meio da identificação dos FCSs, desenvolvimento de um framework a partir dos FCSs para a melhoria da tomada de decisão pelas empresas e também a modelagem do mapa estratégico da indústria. Por meio de entrevistas com armador, especialistas da área, dados dos sites das empresas e anuários do setor, o estudo identificou 68 FCSs. Os fatores críticos identificados foram submetidos a 28 empresas, por meio de um questionário estruturado (escala Likert de 5 pontos). As análises, por meio de estatística descritiva e testes de correlação, identificou os FCSs mais sensíveis à indústria. Além dessa contribuição, também foi proposto um framework (Matriz de Produtividade x Competitividade) para analisar a distribuição dos FCSs e o desdobramento em estratégias relacionadas a foco em melhorias urgentes, foco na inovação, foco na captação de projetos e foco na liderança do setor. Também foi modelada uma adaptação do Mapa Estratégico da Indústria da CNI para a indústria de apoio marítimo. Por fim, os principais resultados sinalizaram a sensibilidade do setor frente às variáveis relacionadas às Políticas (Industriais/Governamentais), Financiamentos e a necessidade do desenvolvimento de Inovação em toda a cadeia de suprimentos. / This research addresses the Maritime Support Industry through a strategic vision. This is a problem related to the identification and mapping of Critical Success Factors (CSFs). The maritime support industry is an important segment of the oil chain since it participates from the early stages, involving the prospecting of a field, to the end of its useful life by deactivating the oil wells. The present thesis proposes to analyze the maritime support industry, characterizing the most important and impacting aspects, through the identification of the CSFs, development of a framework from the CSFs for the improvement of the decision making by the companies and also the modeling of the Strategic map of the industry. Through interviews with ship-owner, experts from the area, company website data and industry yearbooks, the study identified 68 CSFs. The identified critical factors were submitted to 28 companies, through a structured questionnaire (Likert scale of 5 points). The analyzes, through descriptive statistics and correlation tests, identified the most sensitive CSFs to the industry. In addition to the contribution, a framework was also proposed for the analysis of the distribution of CSFs and the focus on urgent improvements, focus on innovation, focus on project capture and focus on sector leadership. An analysis was also made of the CNI\'s Industry Strategic Map for the Maritime Support Industry. Finally, the main results showed a sensitivity of the sector to the variables related to policies (industrial / governmental), finance and the need to develop innovation throughout the supply chain.

Os projetos de desenvolvimento realizados em colaboração são fundamentais para que as empresas de máquinas agrícolas consigam aumentar o grau de inovação em produtos, permitindo-as acompanhar os novos desafios de um mercado mais competitivo. Há na literatura vários trabalhos que identificam fatores críticos de sucesso (FCS) para projetos colaborativos, porém, não há muitos estudos sobre a verificação desses fatores no Brasil, em especial na indústria de máquinas agrícolas (IMA). Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar se os FCS identificados na literatura poderiam ser empregados nesse contexto. Empreendeu-se uma revisão bibliográfica para identificar os fatores críticos de sucesso em projetos colaborativos de desenvolvimento de produtos e uma revisão sobre indústria de máquinas agrícolas (IMA), de forma a entender as especificidades desse setor no Brasil. Em seguida, realizou-se um levantamento em uma empresa do setor, com nível de maturidade elevado em desenvolvimento de produto, medido conforme Simões (2007), para verificar se os FCS identificados poderiam ser utilizados em levantamentos no setor e verificar se não havia outros fatores a serem considerados, específicos para o segmento e região. Utilizou-se o método do estudo de caso único, do tipo incorporado. A unidade de análise é constituída por projetos do tipo colaborativo, realizados com sucesso pela empresa. Foram analisados dois projetos de produtos inovadores, com diferentes tipos de parceiro: um com um cliente e outro com um fornecedor. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e o instrumento de pesquisa é um roteiro. As instalações da empresa foram visitadas com o objetivo de conhecer os projetos analisados. Como resultado afirma-se que há fatores descritos na literatura que podem não ser críticos; indica-se a existência de novos FCS e reforça-se a importância dos fatores ligados à garantia de igualdade e fatores universais de sucesso. A contribuição do trabalho é uma lista de fatores críticos de sucesso que podem servir como passo inicial para levantamentos gerais de campo no setor industrial estudado. / The collaborative projects of development are one of the main tools in order to agricultural machines companies get to increase the innovation degree in products, allowing them to follow the new challenges of a more competitive market. There is in the literature several works that identify critical success factors (CSF) for collaborative projects; however, there are not many studies about the verification of those factors in Brazil, especially in the agricultural machinery industry. The aim of this work is to verify if identified CSF in the literature could be used in that context. A bibliographical revision was undertaken to identify the \"critical success factors\" in collaborative projects of development of products and a revision on agricultural machines industry in order to understand the specificities of that section in Brazil. After that it has taken place a survey in a company of that sector, with high level of maturity in development of measured product according to Simões (2007), to verify if identified CSF could be used in surveys in that sector and to verify if there were any other factors to be considered, specific for that segment and field. A case study was used and the units of analysis are collaborative projects accomplished successfully by the company. Two projects development of products were analyzed, with different kinds of partner: one with a customer and the other with a supplying company. Besides the interviews it has taken visits to the companies in order to know the analyzed projects. There are factors described that could not be critical; the results indicate the existence of new critical factors and they confirm the importance of equality and universal factors as critical for collaborative projects. The main contribution of these projects is a list of critical factors of success that one can serve as initial step for general survey in this field.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-06-06T13:40:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Delgado Monteiro de Araújo_.pdf: 590386 bytes, checksum: 741b396888189af9f91c2c70cc2b86c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T13:40:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Delgado Monteiro de Araújo_.pdf: 590386 bytes, checksum: 741b396888189af9f91c2c70cc2b86c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-28 / Nenhuma / As redes sociais estão sendo utilizadas para realizar trabalhos colaborativos, utilizando a inteligência das multidões. Todos podem colaborar com ideias sem importar quando o farão ou a que distância estão. Nessa lógica, surgem iniciativas como o crowdsourcing, para resolução de problemas ou promoção de inovações, e o crowdfunding, para arrecadar recursos financeiros para iniciativas com fins específicos. Uma vez que os projetos de crowdfunding apresentam resultados de sucesso e insucesso dentro das plataformas existentes, o presente trabalho tem como tema as recompensas como estratégias para o sucesso de projetos de crowdfunding. O objetivo principal é compreender quais estratégias de recompensas se tornam diferenciais em projetos exitosos de crowdfunding, tendo como objeto de estudo as recompensas dos projetos de crowdfunding da plataforma Catarse. O estudo apresenta, em sua fundamentação teórica, os temas das multidões e crowdsourcing, crowdfunding e as recompensas como estratégias. Como caráter exploratório, o estudo utilizou a Análise Qualitativa Comparativa (QCA) valendo-se da Lógica Crisp-Set e da Lógica Fuzzy-Set para análise. Dentre os resultados da pesquisa, destacam-se estratégias que contribuem para o sucesso do projeto, sendo elas: exclusividade, pré-compra e co-criação. Além disso, os resultados demonstram a necessidade de outros fatores para o sucesso do projeto. A identificação desse comportamento das estratégias de recompensas promove uma contribuição teórica à medida que aprofunda o estudo sobre as recompensas dos projetos, já que a temática é pouco explorada. Adicionalmente, os resultados da pesquisa apresentam orientações para que os empreendedores possam construir suas recompensas com base em estratégias que contribuam positivamente para o resultado. / Social networks are being used to perform collaborative work using the intelligence of the crowds. Everyone can collaborate with ideas anytime from anywhere. In this logic initiatives arise as crowdsourcing to solve problems or promote innovations, and crowdfunding to raise funds for specific purpose initiatives. Crowdfunding projects present successful and unsuccessful results within existing platforms. The present theme is about rewards as strategic for the success of crowdfunding projects. The main objective is to understand which rewards strategies become differential in successful crowdfunding projects, having as an study object the rewards of the crowdfunding projects of the Catarse platform. In its theorical foundation the study addresses issues such as the crowds, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding and rewards as strategy assets. With an exploratory character, this study used the Comparative Qualitative Analysis (QCA) with the Crisp-Set Logic and the Fuzzy-Set Logic for analysis. Among the research results stand out strategies that are mainly associated with successful projects , exclusivity, pre-purchase and co-creation. Besides, research results show that are they necessary other success project factors The identification of this results provides a theoretical contribution As the theme of reward strategy is little explored. In addition, the research results provide guidelines for entrepreneurs to build their rewards based on strategies that contribute to the outcome.

The role of Universities in building a sustainable society is paramount. It is therefore essential for Universities to adopt and apply tools such as EMS in creating a culture of sustainability which is vital in creating awareness for students as they graduate to fulfil the needs of society.The purpose of this thesis was to investigate what was required of a University in handling this challenge; to start up and be successful with implementation of an Environmental Management System.To do this an environmental review has been performed using the University of Borås as a case study. Indirect and direct aspects of the University have been identified and will be evaluated. The result of the review is based on information from interviews, questionnaires and meetings and will serve as the foundation for the University of Borås‟ further work with EMS.By comparing four Swedish Universities and their work with EMS, factors to be considered during the development and implementation an EMS have been found. An in depth-interview of key personal together with published and unpublished data from the four Universities have been used for the study. The drivers which prompted the EMS work as well as factors for a successful implementation were identified. Using a prioritization matrix, management commitment, Approach to the process, training and communication have found to be the most important success factors. Other factors worth considering during implementation of EMS in Universities have been found to be duration of the system, timing of success factors, and handling of barriers specific for academia and keeping a simple system.Using a performance excellence diagram, the different level of commitment to each of the contributing factors for a successful EMS implementation has been established and used in performing a gap- analysis for University of Borås. Based on the outcome of the gap-analysis, appropriate recommendations for EMS work have been given.

Framgång innebär att lyckas, att uppnå goda resultat. Begreppet har flera betydelser. Det kan handla om att lyckas på ett personligt plan men det kan även handla om att etablera, utveckla och förverkliga ett företags affärsidé. Det kan för ett företag innebära att bli en erkänd aktör inom ett marknadssegment, det kan handla om att maximera företagets vinster och aktieutdelning, det kan handla om optimal kundnöjdhet eller om trivsel på arbetsplatsen. Vad framgång innebär för ett företag beror helt och hållet på vilka värderingar och vilka visioner det specifika företaget har. I dagsläget finns ett stort antal streetwearinriktade företag på den svenska marknaden och i kontrast till den något stagnerade tillväxten i detaljhandeln i helhet kan en positiv försäljningsutveckling ses hos några av dessa. Fallstudien fokuserar på att undersöka hur streetwearföretagen Caliroots, FRCTN, Hollywood, Junkyard och Sneakersnstuff ser på begreppet framgång och hur de uppfattar sig själva som framgångsrika. Målet är att söka svar på vilka nyckelfaktorer som leder till framgång i dessa företag samt vad detta beror på. För att möjliggöra ett resultat har tillvägagångssättet först och främst varit att ta fram en teoretisk referensram som beskriver olika komponenter som kan bidra till ett företags framgång. Därefter har vi genom kvalitativa undersökningar genomfört personliga intervjuer med ägare, grundare och personer i beslutsfattande positioner och därigenom lyckats identifiera vad framgång innebär för de respektive företagen, såväl för den enskilde entreprenören som för företaget i helhet. Genom att ställa relevant teori mot framtaget empiriskt underlag har vi kunnat dra slutsatser att dessa företag besitter stora likheter vad gäller utveckling, marknadsföring och entreprenörsengagemang. I slutsatsen finner vi 7 olika nyckelfaktorer som binder samman företagen Caliroots, Hollywood, Junkyard och Sneakersnstuff. Företaget FRCTN omfattas inte av alla de framtagna faktorerna då de är ett relativt nyetablerat företag där vi snarare diskuterat vilka möjligheter till framgång företaget har i framtiden.Success is about achievement; the ability to reach competitive results. The concept of success has many meanings. It may be achievement on a personal level, but also in establishing, developing and realising a business idea. This includes becoming an acknowledged participant in a specific market segment, maximizing the business’s profit and capital gains, optimizing customer satisfaction or the well-being of employees. The key success factors for a business depend fully on the visions and values that are incorporated by it. There is a range of streetwear companies established on the Swedish retail market today and in contrast to the overall slow growth in the retail industry, some of these companies are currently experiencing a positive development.The main aim of this study is to find the key success factors related to this growth and how the companies achieve them. This will be investigated by looking at the companies’ view on success and the effect of the escalating use of e-commerce. The case study focuses in how streetwear companies define the concept of success and to what extent they consider themselves successful.In line with appropriate theories, we have been able to identify a number of components that may contribute to the success of a company. Based on this, qualitative interviews with owners, founders and employees in decision making positions have made it possible to identify the meaning of success for these companies, as well as for the individuals in them.The results reveal how these companies show similarities in development, marketing and entrepreneurial engagement. This has further provided a classification of seven key success factors that connects Caliroots, Hollywood, Junkyard and Sneakersnstuff. As the company FRCTN is relatively new, we have not been able to identify success factors, but instead analysed the possible future for this company in line with their current strategy. / Program: Butikschefsutbildningen

O objetivo geral do trabalho é identificar os fatores críticos de sucesso relevantes aos dirigentes da pequena empresa do setor de varejo do segmento de vestuário de São Carlos-SP. O tema de pesquisa é o estudo de fatores críticos de sucesso (FCS) no contexto específico da pequena empresa. Os FCS compreendem um grupo restrito de práticas, de áreas da empresa ou de cargos ocupados considerados como chave para o sucesso de uma organização. O método de pesquisa do trabalho é o levantamento de campo (survey), o instrumento para coleta de dados foi questionário com aplicação em empresas com o perfil desejado. Como principal resultado da pesquisa, o fator de sucesso personalidade obteve relação de significância estatística em relação ao gênero do dirigente. O fator de sucesso responsabilidade social foi considerado o menos importante dentre os dirigentes, independente do gênero, idade e tipologia do dirigente e idade da empresa. A principal contribuição do trabalho foi a influência do fator personalidade entre o gênero dos dirigentes na percepção do sucesso das empresas. / The main goal of this dissertation is to raise the critical success factors relevant to the owners of small business in the retail sector of São Carlos-SP. The research topic is the study of critical success factors (CSFs) in the context of small business. The CSF comprise a select group of practices or areas of the business that are considered key to the success of an organization. The research method of the study is a survey and data collection was done through questionnaires applied to companies with the desired profile. CSFs were analyzed according to their importance to the owner\'s of the small business. The success factor personality obtained statistically significant relation with the owner\'s gender. The success factor social responsibility was considered the least important among small business owners, regardless of gender, age and type of ownership and firm age. The main contribution of this work was the positive relation between personality traits and gender of the owner.