No mundo ocidental moderno [com o perdão pela generalização, e sem deixar de levar em conta as raríssimas exceções que se engajam em um movimento contrário], convivemos com o confronto entre duas posições opostas e aparentemente excludentes. De um lado, a crença em um Deus que rege o mundo material, mas com o qual esse mundo não interage, tendo em vista a sua condição de absoluto e inatingível. Do outro, a convicção racional de que só é aceitável cientificamente aquilo que se consegue comprovar materialmente o que, em tese, nega a existência de uma instância divina, confinando-a ao plano do imaginário. Esta tese propõe um resgate das instâncias intermediárias entre os mundos invisível e visível como forma de recuperar a integridade do pensamento e da vida do homem de nosso tempo. Baseia-se, para isso, no estudo da Ciência das Letras o sistema simbólico adotado pelo sufismo (ta½awwuf), ou mística islâmica, que converte as realidades espirituais em símbolos compreensíveis aos seres humanos e na idéia de imaginação, ou faculdade imaginal, que é a capacidade de realizar essa integração. / In the modern occidental world, with rare exceptions that are located primarily in currents of Philosophy, Psychology, Mysticism and Physics, we face a confrontation between two opposite and apparently contradictory positions. On one side, the belief in a God which reigns the material world, but with whom this same world does not interact due to this Gods condition of absolute unattainability. On the other side, the rational conviction that the only scientifically acceptable facts are the ones that can be materially proved which, theoretically, denies the existence of a divine instance, confining it to the imaginary ground. This thesis proposes a recapture of the intermediary instances between the visible and the invisible worlds as a way to recuperate the integrity of contemporaneous mans thought. Thus this work is based in the study of the Science of Letters, the symbolic system adopted by Sufism (ta½awwuf) or Islamic esotericism, which converts the spiritual realities in symbols that are comprehensible for human beings, and also in the idea of an imaginal world, that shelters this passage.

Apresentamos neste trabalho nove gazais de Jalal Uddin Rumi (1207-1273), fundador da Ordem dos Dervixes Rodopiantes de Konya, na Turquia, traduzidos diretamente do persa para o português a partir de uma perspectiva interdisciplinar que envolve História, Dança, Literatura e Tradutologia. Temas centrais da sua poesia, como raqs (dança) e samá (audição), são tomados pela problemática da fusão de seus significados, realizada pelos estudiosos e tradutores. Retoma-se o contexto histórico peculiar de emergência, reiteração e atualização semântica dos termos, pautado pelo debate islâmico sobre a música e a dança, tanto em âmbito secular como religioso, sobretudo entre os séculos IX e XIV. Os autores envolvidos nesse debate discorreram sobre a diferenciação entre dança e audição mística e, a partir da defesa de Alghazali (1058-1111), um novo sentido foi conferido à dança e pautou a sua licitude até o nosso tempo, embora com retrocessos e restrições que variaram conforme o local e a época. Aqui examinamos a noção e terminologia específica utilizada por Rumi em seu diálogo poético com os autores do debate, propondo uma metodologia tradutória focada na metáfora da dança e sensível ao processo da audição mística. / This thesis presents nine gazals of Jalal Uddin Rumi (1207-1273), founder of Whirling Dervishes Order of Konya in Turkey, translated from Persian directly to Portuguese in an interdisciplinary perspective involving History, Dance, Literature and Traductology. The conceptual fusion of Raqs (dancing) and Sama (hearing) - central themes of his poetry which was always done by scholars and translators is discussed herein. We also present and investigate the emergence of these concepts in the Islamic controversy regarding music and dance, in secular as in religious spheres, particularly between the 9th and 14th centuries. Authors who discussed the theme pointed out differences between dancing and mystical hearing; since the defense of Alghazali (1058- 1111) a new meaning was attributed to dance, which has, up until now, been accepted, regardless of setbacks and constraints in different places and times. The specific notion and terminology of dance in Rumis poetry is analyzed in the light of his own dialogue with the authors of this debate. We propose a translation methodology focusing on the dance metaphor which be according to the mystical hearing process.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mario Alves da Silva Filho.pdf: 4016620 bytes, checksum: c7a02023dc1c089d5a1f3d0e33fca937 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research has, by scope, to present Tasawwuf (Arabic word that refers to mysticism and Islamic esotericism), known in the West as Sufism and discuss their presence in Brazil in general, specifically in Sao Paulo. Our aim is to try to discuss the presence of Sufism in our country, taking stock of the relationship between the Muslim Sufis with the communities in which they live. We will attempt to demonstrate the presence of Sufism and Sufi orders since the time of slavery to present day. Pointing the presence of Sufi orders that exist today in Sao Paulo. Sufism is a very current issue, being necessary to know and understand it. We see daily the critical irascible behavior of some Muslim communities, but little or no news about Sufism and its active role in Islamic communities, especially as a counterpoint to his irascible behavior pointed. This gap is what we will try to fill. We will discuss Sufism by an exclusively Muslim bias, ie , completely inserted in the universe of Islam. The research will consist of free observing Sufi Orders and open interviews of those responsible for them. We were able to identify nine Sufi Orders in Sao Paulo, and seven of them were described / Esta pesquisa tem, por escopo, apresentar o Tasawwuf (palavra árabe que designa o misticismo e esoterismo islâmicos), conhecido no Ocidente como Sufismo e discutir a sua presença no Brasil no geral e em São Paulo especificamente. Nosso objetivo é tentar discorrer sobre a presença do Sufismo em nosso país, fazendo um balanço da relação entre os muçulmanos Sufis com as comunidades em que estão inseridos. Tentaremos demonstrar a presença do Sufismo e de Ordens Sufis desde a época da escravidão até os dias atuais. Apontando a presença das Ordens Sufis que existem em São Paulo hoje. O Sufismo é um assunto bastante atual, sendo necessário que se o compreenda e o conheça. Vemos críticas diárias ao comportamento irascível de algumas comunidades muçulmanas, porém pouca ou nenhuma notícia sobre o Sufismo e seu papel atuante nas comunidades islâmicas, especialmente como contraponto ao seu comportamento iracundo apontado. Esta lacuna é que tentaremos preencher. Abordaremos o Sufismo por um viés exclusivamente muçulmano, ou seja, completamente inserido no universo do Islã. A pesquisa constará de observação livre das Ordens Sufis e entrevistas abertas dos responsáveis por elas. Foi-nos possível identificar nove Ordens Sufis em São Paulo, sendo que sete delas foram descritas

Les Dalā’il al-Khayrāt forment un recueil de prières en l’honneur du Prophète Muhammad, composé par le mystique marocain Muḥammad b. Sulaymān al-Jazūlī (m. 869/1465) vers le milieu du IXe/XVe siècle. Peu de temps après son apparition au Maroc, le texte s’est répandu au reste du Maghreb avant de connaître un large succès en Orient, plus particulièrement en Turquie. Souvent comparé au Coran en raison de l’ampleur de sa diffusion, le bréviaire semble avoir été pareillement porté en très haute estime à en juger par le soin avec lequel on le copiait et le décorait. Aussi, il revêt la singulière particularité d’être le seul texte religieux possédant des illustrations dans lesquelles est représentée, sous une forme stylisée, la chambre funéraire du Prophète à Médine. Cette étude propose donc de retracer l’élaboration de la tradition manuscrite d’un bréviaire à succès et son évolution depuis le début Xe/XVIe jusqu’à la fin du XIIIe/XIXe siècle. Pour cela, elle se concentre spécifiquement sur la région de l’Afrique du Nord où a débuté la diffusion du livre. En soumettant un corpus d’exemplaires maghrébins inédits à un examen codicologique et à l’étude de leurs décors, cette recherche définit les traits qui signalent la confection de ces ouvrages. A travers l’analyse iconographique et stylistique des peintures, nous sommes en mesure de comprendre la place de l’image sacrée au Maghreb et les liens qu’elle entretient avec l’imagerie orientale des lieux saints du Ḥijāz. Enfin, à la lumière de cette approche multidisciplinaire, confrontée à l’exploitation des sources textuelles, nous parvenons à saisir l’importance que revêt la dévotion au Prophète au Maghreb à l’époque pré-moderne. / The Dalā’il al-Khayrāt is a prayer book dedicated to the Prophet Muhammad. Written by the Moroccan Sufi Muḥammad b. Sulaymān al-Jazūlī (m. 869/1465) in mid-15th century, it spread to the Islamic West far into South-East Asia and became one of the most successful religious books after the Qur’an. Often compared to the Qur’an because of its extraordinary success, the book seems to have been held in high regard judging by the careful manner in which it was copied and decorated. Moreover, it has the distinctive feature to be the only religious book that contains illustrations. This study proposes to retrace the formation/elaboration of the manuscript tradition of a successful prayer book and its development from the beginning of the 10th/16th century until the end of the 13th/19th century. In order to do so, the study focuses on the region of the Maghrib where the circulation of the book originated. By submitting a corpus of unpublished manuscripts to a codicological analysis and the examination of their decoration, this investigation will define the features that single out the production of these books. Through the iconographical and stylistic study of the paintings, we are able to understand the value of sacred images in North Africa and their relationship to the imagery of pilgrimage places in the Mashriq. Finally, in light of this interdisciplinary approach along with the exploitation of written sources, we succeed in understanding the importance of the devotion of the Prophet in North Africa during the pre-modern period.

This dissertation sheds new light on the nature and development of Hindu devotional religiosity (bhakti) by drawing attention to bhakti's understudied historical relationships with Tantra, Yoga, and Sufism. Specifically, this thesis explains the phenomenal rise of bhakti in early modern north India as a process of identity and community formation fundamentally connected to Sufi-inflected critiques of tantric and yogic religiosity. With the advent of the Mughal Empire in the sixteenth century, new alliances--most notably Akbar's with the Kacchvaha royal clan of Amer--led to the development of a joint Mughal-Rajput court culture and religio-political idiom in which Vaishnava bhakti institutional forms became key symbols of power and deportment, and thus bhakti communities became beneficiaries of extensive patronage. Through a study of the life and works of the important but little-known bhakti poet-saint Agradas, this thesis offers insight into how these bhakti communities competed for patronage and followers. If the rise of bhakti was inseparable from Mughal socio-political developments, it was also contingent upon the successful formation of a new bhakti identity. This thesis centers on the Ramanandi community at Galta, comparing them with the Nath yogis to show the development of this bhakti identity, one defined especially in opposition to the "other" of the tantric yogi and shakta. It also contributes a broad study of early modern bhakti poetry and hagiography demonstrating the rise of new, Sufi-inflected, exclusivist bhakti attitudes that stigmatized key aspects of tantric and yogic religiosity, and that therein prefigured orientalist-colonialist depictions of bhakti as "religion" and Tantra as "magic."

A presente tese focaliza a questão da individuação espiritual na obra de Henry Corbin, valendo-se de pontos da obra de Heidegger que iluminam essa questão. Heidegger foi um dos filósofos que mais influenciaram Corbin, sendo que este foi o primeiro tradutor de Heidegger para o francês. No entanto, não é o propósito da tese demonstrar essa influência, embora muitas vezes o faça. O que importa é se valer das idéias de Heidegger que parecem equivaler às de Corbin, para ajudar-nos na anãlise da questao do exílio e da individuação. Conceitos de Heidegger tais como hermenêutica, fenomenologia, o Dasein, o Ser, a Superação da Metafísica, o Impessoal (das Man), a decisão pela Autenticidade, pelo ser si-mesmo mais próprio, colocam-se em cena ao longo da tese para colaborar com o aprofundamento da compreensão da individuação espiritual em Corbin. Parto da questão do exílio da alma em Corbin e nos místicos que este representa, tentando primeiramente levantar a etiologia de tal exílio, de tal disjunção alma-mundo. Para isso, lanço mão não só de Heidegger, mas também de Husserl, que foi bastante importante para Corbin. Em seguida, abordo, a partir da hermenêutica e da fenomenologia, a noção de imaginal e de hermenêutica espiritual, que equivale a uma interiorização e a uma integração do mundo na alma. Para isso, valho-me das noções de tempo e espaço na mística oriental de Corbin assim como na filosofia de Heidegger. O percurso desta primeira parte vai do exílio da alma no mundo do espaço quantitativo ao mundo vivido na alma, ou seja, a perspectiva da saída do exílio enquanto um retorno ao mundo da alma. A segunda parte, aborda o conceito de alma em Corbin e na mística sufi, que possui um caráter dual e pressupõe o conceito de anjo do sufismo, assim como o de Pessoa, que foi herdado por Corbin de Berdiaev, para então justapô-los ao conceito de Dasein de Heidegger e a verificação dos pontos onde os conceitos de Dasein e de Pessoa se encontram e se equivalem. A ideia de personalismo e autenticidade contrapõe-se em ambos autores ao nihilismo e ao Impessoal que oprime o homem moderno e o atira no exílio. Esta crise é apresentada na tese como um mundo sem alma assim como um mundo onde prevalece o esquecimento do ser, sendo que as indicações de superação de Heidegger e Corbin apontam para direções similares e às vezes complementares. A saída do Exílio tem como condição a tomada de consciência das consequências da despersonalização do mundo, do empobrecimento espiritual, e do perigo que o homem está correndo de desaparecer enquanto homem, enquanto Pessoa. A superação da crise, o retorno à casa, aparece em ambos ligada à capacidade de desconstrução de qualquer objetivação e na neutralização do caráter reificador e dominador do pensamento, que concorrerão para a reintrodução do transcendente, do inabarcável e misterioso, do espiritual na cotidianeidade e na visão de mundo do homem moderno. / This thesis focuses the question of spíritual individuation in Henry Corbin1s work, using the parts of Heideggers work which throw light on this question. Heidegger was one of the philosophers which most influenced Corbin, who was the first translator of Heideggers work in french. Nevertheless, it is not the purpose of this work to demonstrate this influence, although it becomes evident along the thesis. What matters here is is to take Heideggers ideas that seem to match to Corbins in order to help us in the analisis of the question of exile and of individuation. Heideggerian concepts such as hermeneutics, phenomenology, the Dasein, Being, the overcoming of metaphysics, the Impersonal (das Man), the will to authenticity to be one\'s very self, are employed throughout the thesis, so as to contribute to a better understanding of spiritual individuation in Corbin\'s philosophy. I take as my starting point the subject of the exile of the soul in both Corbin and the mystics whom he represents, first of all by attempting to trace the etiology of this exile, this disjunction between soul and world. To that end, I avail myself not only of Heidegger\'s philosophy, but also that of Husserl, which had a great deal of influence on the work of Corbin. I then address, with the help of hermeneutics and phenomenology, the concepts of imaginal and spiritual hermeneutics, which is equivalent to the interiorization and integration of the world into the soul. To that purpose, I utilize the notions of time and space in the oriental mysticism of Corbin and in Heidegger\'s philosophy. The first part then covers the trajectory of the soul from its exile in the world of quantitative space back to the lived world of the soul; in other words, the way of exile as a return to the soul-world. The second part covers both the concept of soul in Corbin and in Sufi mysticism, wich possesses a dual character and in Sufism pressuposes the concept of \"angel\", and that of Person, which Corbin inherited from Berdiaev, with the intention of contrasting these concepts with Heidegger\'s Dasein and verifying where they meet and are the same. In both authors, the ideas of personalism and authenticity are put in opposition to ninhilism and the Impersonal which oppresses man in the modern world and casts him into exile. In the thesis, this crisis is described in terms of a world devoid of soul, a world where the soul has been forgotten, and what Corbin and Heidegger appoint as the way to overcome it are many times similar and sometimes complementary. The way out of Exile has as its condition the awareness of the consequences of the de-personalization of life, of spiritual empoverishment, and of the risk man runs of diassappearing as man, as a person. In both Heidegger and Corbin, the overcoming of the crisis, the return home, is associated with the capability of desconstructing any sort of objectification and of neutralizing the reifying and imposing character of thought, which will collaborate with the re-introduction of the transcendent, the unfathomable, and the mysterious in the daily life and world view of modern man.

Este trabalho consiste numa pesquisa pictórica a partir de uma experiência de contemplação de mosaicos geométricos islâmicos medievais. A pesquisa busca fazer um percurso desde o estudo pictórico da urdidura dos mosaicos, mostrando a natureza de seu ritmo e seu movimento até a elaboração e apresentação de um corpo de trabalhos em desenho e pintura que se apropriam deste movimento \"encapsulado\" nos mosaicos, revelando-os. / This work consists in a pictorical research based on the contemplation of Islamic Medieval Geometric Mosaics. The research comprehends the trajectory from the study of Mosaics\' warp, in which are shown their rithm and movement, towards the preparation and presentation of a corpus of works in design and painting that reveals the countless possibilities of moves \"encapsulated\" in the Mosaics.

Cette thèse porte sur l’itinéraire thérapeutique des personnes qui se pensent possédées par un esprit maléfique ou une divinité à travers les différentes thérapies disponibles à Kanke, ville du nord de l’Inde. Trois hôpitaux psychiatriques, construits à l’époque coloniale, s’y concentrent. Depuis quelques décennies un dargah, sanctuaire musulman, a été construit sur les terres-mêmes de l’un d’entre eux. Il est spécialisé dans le traitement des personnes possédées, tout comme les bhaktain, dévotes possédées par des divinités qui officient à leur domicile. Le travail de terrain a été réalisé dans deux hôpitaux psychiatriques, au dargah, et auprès de deux bhaktain. Dans les thérapies délivrées par les bhaktain et thérapeutes du dargah, l’émotion est suscitée chez le patient : il s’agit de provoquer l’esprit impur possédant le patient au moyen de substances divines. L’esprit maléfique se manifeste, et sera contraint de quitter ce corps. Si certains affirment avoir guéri, d’autres possédés consultent en psychiatrie. Les enjeux familiaux et socioéconomiques jouent un rôle de taille dans le choix du lieu de soins.L’interprétation des troubles est bien différente en psychiatrie où les professionnels utilisent des manuels de classification des troubles mentaux rédigés aux Etats-Unis pour diagnostiquer ces patients de milieu rural, pauvre, et parfois tribal. Ici, la possession est considérée comme un signe de maladie mentale. Les professionnels tentent de décourager l’interprétation des troubles en termes de possession au profit d’une conception neuroscientifique des problèmes et encouragent le patient à un contrôle émotionnel, usant parfois de références à l’hindouisme brahmanique.Les patients qui circulent entre ses lieux de soins sont pris dans ces logiques de soins antinomiques. La difficile articulation des différentes interprétations et pratiques thérapeutiques nous renseignent sur les enjeux politiques qui sous-tendent les rapports entre les différents thérapeutes. / This thesis is about the therapeutic journey of people who think they are possessed by a malefic spirit or a divinity. Various therapies are available for them in Kanke (north India). Here three psychiatric hospitals, built in the colonial period, provide mental health care. Few decades ago a dargah, a Muslim sanctuary, was built on one of them. It is specialized in the treatment of possessed people, like bhaktain, devotees possessed by divinities, which provide therapy at home. The fieldwork was realized between 2008 and 2014 in two psychiatric hospitals, in the dargah, and with two bhaktain.In the therapies delivered by bhaktain and therapists of the dargah, the patient’s emotion is stimulated : the impure spirit possessing the patient is provoked by means of divine substances. The malefic spirit manifests itself, and is forced to leave the body. While some possessed people assert being cured, others consult in psychiatry. The family and socioeconomic stakes play an important role in the choice of the place of care.The interpretation of the disorders is very different in psychiatry where the professionals use medical textbooks of classification of mental disorders published in the United States to diagnose these rural, poor, and sometimes tribal patients. Here, the possession is considered as a sign of mental illness. Only the private hospital tries another approach. The professionals try to discourage the interpretation of the disorders adopting a neuroscientific conception of the problems and encourage the patient to an emotional control, sometimes referring to Brahmanical Hindu texts. The patients who circulate between these places of care are caught in these paradoxical logics of care. The difficult articulation of the various interpretations and therapeutic practices the patient encounters informs us about the political stakes which influence relationships between therapists of various places of care.

<p>Mouridiyya är en senegalesisk sufiorden, som sprider sig i världen genom att medlemmarna flyttar till nya städer och nya länder. De finns också representerade i Sverige och har bl. a bildat en bönecirkel, en dahira, i Stockholm. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur mouridiska immigranter bygger upp sin organisation i Sverige, särskilt när det gäller religiös mötesverksamhet, ansvarsfördelning, ekonomi, könsperspektiv och koppling till Senegal eller Gambia, samt att undersöka om detta kan länkas till teorier om religion och migration. Vi har fått möjlighet att besöka den mouridiska gruppen och fått en att undersöka den utifrån vår frågeställning. Vi har varit med om en vanlig lördagsdahira samt besökt en konferens som Dahira Mouridoullahi Touba Sweden anordnade på temat ”islam och ickevåld”. Vi har genom fältstudier samt intervjuer skaffat oss en bild av dahiran och i nedanstående arbete presenterat det vi kommit fram till.</p>

<p>India is a syncretistic country where several religions coexist. Amystical branch of Islam, ufism, brings Hindus and Muslims togetherwhen the devotees from both religions worship the same saints andmeet at the same sacred places. The purpose of this essay is to researchif, or to what extent, a mazar is a meeting place of cultures, as well asexplore mysticism within religion. A special focus is aimed at YakubShahid Mazar in Banaras where an interview study was conductedduring the autumn of 2009. This essay will also show similarities inreligious views and how Hindus and Muslims interact in themulticultural city of Banaras.</p><p>Results show that the mazar is a meeting place of multi-culture and thatpeople from varying backgrounds meet there. They come for a varietyof reasons, mostly for wishing or praying,</p> / <p>Indien är ett synkretiskt land där flera religioner samexisterar. Enmystisk gren av Islam, ufism, sammanför hinduer och muslimer näranhängare från båda religioner ber till samma helgon och möts påsamma heliga platser. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om,och i så fall i vilken utsträckning, en mazar är en multikulturellmötesplats, samt att utforska religiös mysticism. Ett särskilt fokus liggerpå Yakub Shahid Mazar i Banaras där en intervjustudie utfördes underhösten 2009. Den här uppsatsen kommer också att visa likheter ireligiösa uppfattningar och visa hur hinduer och muslimer interagerar iden multikulturella staden Banaras.</p><p>Resultaten visar att mazaren är en multikulturell mötesplats och attmänniskor från varierande bakgrund möts där. De kommer dit för enmängd olika orsaker, mestadels för att önska eller be om något, ochhelgonets historia är inte besökarnas första prioritet.</p>