Automatinis testų rinkinių generavimas (pasaulyje priimtas angliškas sutrumpinimas – ATPG) yra pakankamai senai sprendžiama problema. Jos tikslas – surasti optimalų testinių vektorių sekas, kurios pilnai užtikrintų visas schemos gamybos etape padarytas klaidas per mažiausią laiką. Vienas iš skaitmeninių schemų testavimo ir testų rinkinių sudarymo metodas yra funkcinis testavimo metodas. Jo privalumai yra tame, kad testų rinkinių sudarymo programa nežino schemos vidinės struktūros, o testuoja tik idealų schemos modelį, kuri yra pateikta juodos dėžės pavidale, tai yra programa gali gauti idealaus schemos reakciją į tam tikrą įvedimo signalų vektorių. Šiame darbe parinktas funkcinis testavimo metodas. Šiame darbe aprašoma testinių rinkinių atrinkimo programinės įrangos teorinė bazė, automatinio testų rinkinio formavimo trumpa istorinė apžvalga, baltos ir juodos dėžės modelių pagristų formavimo algoritmų palyginimai. Aprašoma programų sistemos statinė struktūra bei jos komponentai, sistemos panaudojimo atvejai. Tyrimų dalyje aprašoma tyrimo metodika, siūlomi programos kokybės tobulinimo metodai. Eksperimentų dalyje aprašomi tyrimų eksperimentų rezultatai. / Automated test pattern generation (ATPG) problem is being solved for a relatively long time. Its' point is to find optimal test vector sequences, which would cover most of all production-caused digital circuit faults and would run for the minimum amount of time. One of the ways to test and generate test vectors for digital circuits is functional test method. Its' benefit is that system does not need to be aware of digital circuit's inner logical model, but has to deal only with the input, so that just the ideal model of the digital circuit can be used as a "black box". The program's algorithm can get ideal digital circuit's reaction for corresponding input test vector. This paper will mostly cover functional model approach to ATPG. This paper covers automated test vector generation software basic theory with brief historical review, comparison of white box and black box models' testing and test vector generation algorithms. Also the software's static structures along with its components, system’s typical use cases are covered. The research part of the paper is focused mostly on the algorithms used, containing research methods which provide the results for the experiment part.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os diques de diabásio da região de Ubatuba são subverticais e têm orientação preferencial NE-SW, mais precisamente N40-50E, seguindo o trend principal das fraturas na área. Este padrão é concordante com aquele da suíte de alto-TiO2 do Enxame de Diques da Serra do Mar (EDSM) do litoral sudeste do Brasil. As espessuras desses corpos variam de 30 cm a 55 m, tendo, a maioria, entre 1,5 e 8 metros. Subordinadamente, ocorrem diques orientados segundo as direções NW-SE e ENE-WSW. Com relação às formas das fraturas-conduto, a mais comum na qual os diques da área de estudo afloram é a retilínea. No entanto, também foram observadas feições como degraus, pontes, tocos, bifurcações, escalonamento e diques em ziguezague. Os diabásios estudados têm cor preta, por vezes variando em tons avermelhados, de acordo com o grau de alteração. Podem tanto apresentar-se afaníticos quanto finos e, comumente, são porfiríticos, com fenocristais de plagioclásio. Em alguns casos, podem ser observadas amígdalas milimétricas de carbonato de coloração branca. A composição mineralógica desses diabásios é pouco variável, em geral, representada, essencialmente, por plagioclásio, clinopiroxênio rico em Ca (augita) e/ou clinopiroxênio pobre em Ca (pigeonita). Como acessórios podem ocorrer olivina, mineral opaco e apatita. Quanto às características geoquímicas, das 27 amostras selecionadas para análise de elementos maiores e traços, os resultados mostraram que 22 amostras plotam no campo subalcalino e têm afinidade toleítica. A afinidade toleítica da grande maioria das amostras (22 em um total de 27) é corroborada pela presença de quartzo e hiperstênio (e ausência de nefelina) na norma CIPW e, dessa forma, as mesmas podem ser classificadas como quartzo-toleítos. Em três das amostras estudadas, há presença de olivina e hiperstênio normativos e ausência de quartzo, o que as inclui em um grupo de olivina-toleítos. De todas as 25 amostras de diabásio toleítico estudadas, 24 foram inseridas dentro de uma suíte de alto-TiO2 (TiO2 > 2%peso) e apenas 1 foi inserida dentro de uma suíte de baixo TiO2 (TiO2 < 2%peso). O estudo petrológico revela a existência de quatro suítes de alto-TiO2, tendo sido as mesmas discriminadas com base nas razões La/Yb de amostras com o teor semelhante de MgO. Destas, apenas as suítes 2 e 3 tem quantidade mínima de amostras para avaliação de processo evolutivo e os resultados indicam a cristalização fracionada com mudança de assembléia fracionante como processo evolutivo mais provável. A discriminação de fontes mantélicas foi feita exclusivamente com base nas razões entre elementos traços de amostras representativas de líquidos parentais das quatro suítes discriminadas. Os resultados indicam que todas as suítes originaram-se pela fusão de fontes mantélicas enriquecidas, tendo, assim, pelo menos uma contribuição de componentes litosféricos. / The diabase dykes of the study area (Ubatuba region) consist, predominantely, of NE-SW (N40-50E) subvertical bodies which follow the main trend of fractures in the area. This pattern is concordant with that of the high-TiO2 suite of the Serra do Mar Dykes Swarm in southeast coast of Brazil. Subordinately, these dikes follow a NW-SE or a NE-WSW orientation. The thickness of those bodies varies from 0,3 to 55 meters, although most of them have thickness between 1,5 and 8 meters. Regarding the forms of the fracture-conduit, the great majority of the dikes are emplaced within straight fractures. However, features like steps, bridges, stubs, bifurcations, stagger and dykes in zigzag are also observed. The studied diabases have black color, per times varying in red tones, as a reflection of the alteration degree. Most often, diabases are aphanitic or fine grained and, commonly, display porphyritic texture with plagioclase phenocrysts. In some cases, white carbonate-filled milimetric amigdals can be observed. The mineralogical composition of those diabases is little variable, consisting, essentially, of plagioclase, Ca-rich clinopyroxene (augite) and/or Ca-poor clinopyroxene (pigeonite). Acessory minerals are, commonly, olivine, opaque mineral(s) and apatite. Considering the lithogeochemical study, results indicate that, of the 27 samples selected for analysis of major and trace elements, 22 are tholeiitic diabases. The tholeiitic affinity of the great majority of the samples (22 in a population of 27) is corroborated by the presence of quartz and hypersthene (and absence of nepheline) in the CIPW norm, which lead to the classification of these diabases as quartz- tholeiites. In three of the studied samples, the presence of normative olivine and hypersthene (and absence of normative quartz) includes them in an olivine- tholeiite group. Of all the 25 samples of tholeiitic diabases, 24 were accounted to a high-TiO2 suite (TiO2> 2%peso) and only 1 was accounted to a low TiO2 one (TiO2 <2%peso). On the basis of La/Yb ratios and its relations to MgO, it was possible to discriminate four distinct high-TiO2 suites (suites 1, 2, 3 and 4). Of these, only suites 2 and 3 include a minimum amount of samples necessary for the evaluation of evolutionary process, and results indicate, for both suites, that fractional crystallization with change of fractional assembly as a more plausible evolutionary process. The discrimination of mantle sources was made exclusively on the basis of incompatible trace element ratios of samples considered as representative of parental liquids of the four discriminated suites. Results indicate that all four suites were generated by partial melting of an enriched source, which points to the consideration of lithospheric components contribution.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os diques de diabásio da região de Ubatuba são subverticais e têm orientação preferencial NE-SW, mais precisamente N40-50E, seguindo o trend principal das fraturas na área. Este padrão é concordante com aquele da suíte de alto-TiO2 do Enxame de Diques da Serra do Mar (EDSM) do litoral sudeste do Brasil. As espessuras desses corpos variam de 30 cm a 55 m, tendo, a maioria, entre 1,5 e 8 metros. Subordinadamente, ocorrem diques orientados segundo as direções NW-SE e ENE-WSW. Com relação às formas das fraturas-conduto, a mais comum na qual os diques da área de estudo afloram é a retilínea. No entanto, também foram observadas feições como degraus, pontes, tocos, bifurcações, escalonamento e diques em ziguezague. Os diabásios estudados têm cor preta, por vezes variando em tons avermelhados, de acordo com o grau de alteração. Podem tanto apresentar-se afaníticos quanto finos e, comumente, são porfiríticos, com fenocristais de plagioclásio. Em alguns casos, podem ser observadas amígdalas milimétricas de carbonato de coloração branca. A composição mineralógica desses diabásios é pouco variável, em geral, representada, essencialmente, por plagioclásio, clinopiroxênio rico em Ca (augita) e/ou clinopiroxênio pobre em Ca (pigeonita). Como acessórios podem ocorrer olivina, mineral opaco e apatita. Quanto às características geoquímicas, das 27 amostras selecionadas para análise de elementos maiores e traços, os resultados mostraram que 22 amostras plotam no campo subalcalino e têm afinidade toleítica. A afinidade toleítica da grande maioria das amostras (22 em um total de 27) é corroborada pela presença de quartzo e hiperstênio (e ausência de nefelina) na norma CIPW e, dessa forma, as mesmas podem ser classificadas como quartzo-toleítos. Em três das amostras estudadas, há presença de olivina e hiperstênio normativos e ausência de quartzo, o que as inclui em um grupo de olivina-toleítos. De todas as 25 amostras de diabásio toleítico estudadas, 24 foram inseridas dentro de uma suíte de alto-TiO2 (TiO2 > 2%peso) e apenas 1 foi inserida dentro de uma suíte de baixo TiO2 (TiO2 < 2%peso). O estudo petrológico revela a existência de quatro suítes de alto-TiO2, tendo sido as mesmas discriminadas com base nas razões La/Yb de amostras com o teor semelhante de MgO. Destas, apenas as suítes 2 e 3 tem quantidade mínima de amostras para avaliação de processo evolutivo e os resultados indicam a cristalização fracionada com mudança de assembléia fracionante como processo evolutivo mais provável. A discriminação de fontes mantélicas foi feita exclusivamente com base nas razões entre elementos traços de amostras representativas de líquidos parentais das quatro suítes discriminadas. Os resultados indicam que todas as suítes originaram-se pela fusão de fontes mantélicas enriquecidas, tendo, assim, pelo menos uma contribuição de componentes litosféricos. / The diabase dykes of the study area (Ubatuba region) consist, predominantely, of NE-SW (N40-50E) subvertical bodies which follow the main trend of fractures in the area. This pattern is concordant with that of the high-TiO2 suite of the Serra do Mar Dykes Swarm in southeast coast of Brazil. Subordinately, these dikes follow a NW-SE or a NE-WSW orientation. The thickness of those bodies varies from 0,3 to 55 meters, although most of them have thickness between 1,5 and 8 meters. Regarding the forms of the fracture-conduit, the great majority of the dikes are emplaced within straight fractures. However, features like steps, bridges, stubs, bifurcations, stagger and dykes in zigzag are also observed. The studied diabases have black color, per times varying in red tones, as a reflection of the alteration degree. Most often, diabases are aphanitic or fine grained and, commonly, display porphyritic texture with plagioclase phenocrysts. In some cases, white carbonate-filled milimetric amigdals can be observed. The mineralogical composition of those diabases is little variable, consisting, essentially, of plagioclase, Ca-rich clinopyroxene (augite) and/or Ca-poor clinopyroxene (pigeonite). Acessory minerals are, commonly, olivine, opaque mineral(s) and apatite. Considering the lithogeochemical study, results indicate that, of the 27 samples selected for analysis of major and trace elements, 22 are tholeiitic diabases. The tholeiitic affinity of the great majority of the samples (22 in a population of 27) is corroborated by the presence of quartz and hypersthene (and absence of nepheline) in the CIPW norm, which lead to the classification of these diabases as quartz- tholeiites. In three of the studied samples, the presence of normative olivine and hypersthene (and absence of normative quartz) includes them in an olivine- tholeiite group. Of all the 25 samples of tholeiitic diabases, 24 were accounted to a high-TiO2 suite (TiO2> 2%peso) and only 1 was accounted to a low TiO2 one (TiO2 <2%peso). On the basis of La/Yb ratios and its relations to MgO, it was possible to discriminate four distinct high-TiO2 suites (suites 1, 2, 3 and 4). Of these, only suites 2 and 3 include a minimum amount of samples necessary for the evaluation of evolutionary process, and results indicate, for both suites, that fractional crystallization with change of fractional assembly as a more plausible evolutionary process. The discrimination of mantle sources was made exclusively on the basis of incompatible trace element ratios of samples considered as representative of parental liquids of the four discriminated suites. Results indicate that all four suites were generated by partial melting of an enriched source, which points to the consideration of lithospheric components contribution.

Nous nous intéressons à prévoir séquentiellement une suite arbitraire d'observations. À chaque instant, des experts nous proposent des prévisions de la prochaine observation. Nous formons alors notre prévision en mélangeant celles des experts. C'est le cadre de l'agrégation séquentielle d'experts. L'objectif est d'assurer un faible regret cumulé. En d'autres mots, nous souhaitons que notre perte cumulée ne dépasse pas trop celle du meilleur expert sur le long terme. Nous cherchons des garanties très robustes~: aucune hypothèse stochastique sur la suite d'observations à prévoir n'est faite. Celle-ci est supposée arbitraire et nous souhaitons des garanties qui soient vérifiées quoi qu'il arrive. Un premier objectif de ce travail est l'amélioration de la performance des prévisions. Plusieurs possibilités sont proposées. Un exemple est la création d'algorithmes adaptatifs qui cherchent à s'adapter automatiquement à la difficulté de la suite à prévoir. Un autre repose sur la création de nouveaux experts à inclure au mélange pour apporter de la diversité dans l'ensemble d'experts. Un deuxième objectif de la thèse est d'assortir les prévisions d'une mesure d'incertitude, voire de prévoir des lois. Les applications pratiques sont nombreuses. En effet, très peu d'hypothèses sont faites sur les données. Le côté séquentiel permet entre autres de traiter de grands ensembles de données. Nous considérons dans cette thèse divers jeux de données du monde de l'énergie (consommation électrique, prix de l'électricité,...) pour montrer l'universalité de l'approche. / We are interested in online forecasting of an arbitrary sequence of observations. At each time step, some experts provide predictions of the next observation. Then, we form our prediction by combining the expert forecasts. This is the setting of online robust aggregation of experts. The goal is to ensure a small cumulative regret. In other words, we want that our cumulative loss does not exceed too much the one of the best expert. We are looking for worst-case guarantees: no stochastic assumption on the data to be predicted is made. The sequence of observations is arbitrary. A first objective of this work is to improve the prediction accuracy. We investigate several possibilities. An example is to design fully automatic procedures that can exploit simplicity of the data whenever it is present. Another example relies on working on the expert set so as to improve its diversity. A second objective of this work is to produce probabilistic predictions. We are interested in coupling the point prediction with a measure of uncertainty (i.e., interval forecasts,…). The real world applications of the above setting are multiple. Indeed, very few assumptions are made on the data. Besides, online learning that deals with data sequentially is crucial to process big data sets in real time. In this thesis, we carry out for EDF several empirical studies of energy data sets and we achieve good forecasting performance.

The purpose of this dissertation is to present a comparative analysis of the sarabandes from the six cello suites. Six individual analyses each address the following elements: harmonic reduction, the relationship between the large-scale harmonic and metrical structures, the melodic elaboration of the harmonic-metrical structure, and the type and prevalence of sarabande rhythm. A summary at the end of each analysis provides a cumulative comparison of the results. Knowledge gained from this exercise will provide insight into Bach's conception of the genre by identifying both those features that stylistically unify the sarabandes as well as those that make each unique. In addition, the author will demonstrate the relationship between analysis and interpretation, using the sixth sarabande as an example. This interpretive process will also take into account the idiomatic nature of the guitar.

The music of Jean Francaix is well known to those familiar with woodwind chamber literature. His long, successful career began in the 1930s when French composers rejected the excessively chromatic harmonies, intense emotionalism and grandiose proportions of late Romantic music. Embracing the concepts of neoclassicism, economy of means, clarity and objectivity, and a return to diatonicism and formal structures, the new "Classical" music contained the added spice of twentieth-century harmonic techniques including bitonality, modality, and quartal and quintal harmonies. Francaix has written many concertos and solos for woodwind instruments, but his enduring popularity resides in his chamber music for various combinations. His publisher for the last six decades has been B. Schott's Sohne who commissioned Francaix to write several chamber works in honor of his eightieth birthday. Two of his works for flute, Divertimento pour flute et piano and Suite pour flute seule, are known to professional flutists but not considered standards in the flute repertoire. The purpose of this paper is to call attention to the wide variety of Francaix's repertoire which is eminently suitable for concert and recital programming. The identification of formal and tonal elements in Francaix's two works for flute helps to place his prodigious output within the context of the prevailing musical and philosophical aesthetic in France of the 1920s through 1940s. An annotated list of Francaix's works with flute in a primary role is included as an appendix.

Cette étude prédit et vérifie l'hypothèse principale voulant que les sujets énonceront plus de verbalisations erronées que de verbalisations correctes dans une tâche de production de suites aléatoires. L'hypothèse secondaire voulant que les sujets verbaliseront d'autant plus de conceptions erronées que l'enjeu monétaire sera important n'est pas confirmée. À titre exploratoire, la possibilité d'analyser les suites produites en regard des alternances et segments produits est examinée. Au moyen d'un ordinateur, les sujets (N=45) produisent une suite de 100 pile-face en utilisant la méthode de la pensée à voix haute. Un montant de$5.00 est offert aux sujets du groupe 1, les sujets du groupe 2 reçoivent de$10.00 à$20.00 selon le degré d'aléatoirité de la suite. L'enjeu monétaire du groupe 3 est une somme de$125.00 décernée à la personne ayant produite la suite de P-F la plus au hasard. La discussion soulève les aspects pratiques et théoriques de ces résultats.

This thesis is a critical study of three violoncello suites of Johann 8ebastian Bach from the performer's point of view. Its purpose is to determine the comparative differences and similarities of several well known editions including the Bach Gesellschaft edition and the Pablo Casals recording. It will explain a few of the many discrepancies and provide adequate reasons for given suggestions and preferences concerning dynamics, tempi, ornamentation, bowing styles, and other elements of performance. By stating a brief historical background of the evolution of the violoncello and the development of musical form and style, it is possible to conceive Bach's ideas and intentions as he wrote the collection of six suites.

published_or_final_version / Music / Master / Master of Philosophy

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.