A ovinocultura leiteira tornou-se importante economicamente na América do Sul nas últimas décadas, sendo ainda pouco estudada no Brasil. O leite é destinado à produção de queijo, proporcionando valor agregado, sendo considerado fonte de renda aos produtores. Como ponto de partida para o estudo da ovinocultura leiteira, é proposta a descrição do sistema agroindustrial (SAG) para a melhor compreensão das relações entre os agentes. O estudo das cadeias agroalimentares, visando desempenho econômico superior, utiliza abordagens da microeconomia como Economia dos Custos de Transação (ECT), Economia dos Custos de Mensuração (ECM), Visão Baseada em Recursos (VBR) e Teoria do Empreendedor. Dentro dos SAGs existem as cadeias agroalimentares curtas, formas de organização e comercialização que buscam a proximidade entre produtores e consumidores. Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever o SAG do leite ovino no Brasil, buscando entender as estratégias adotadas pelos agentes e propor uma metodologia de estudo as cadeias curtas. A pesquisa foi do tipo exploratória e de multi-caso, por meio de entrevistas com questionários pré-formulados. O SAG do leite ovino foi caracterizado como um sistema em cadeia curta pela aproximação do produtor com o consumidor, possuindo, na maior parte das vezes, apenas um agente responsável pelas diferentes etapas da cadeia. O sistema é composto, em termos de transformação tecnológica, em quatro grandes elos: insumos, produção primária, agroindústria e distribuição, sendo os insumos adquiridos em mercados spot. Foram identificadas 18 fazendas produtoras no país. As raças predominantes eram Lacaune e East Friesian, com média de 1,17 litros de leite/animal/dia, abaixo da média potencial para as raças (2 litros). Observou-se que 14 entre as 18 propriedades apresentam mão de obra familiar. Dentre os laticínios, quatro possuíam inspeção federal, três possuíam inspeção estadual e três possuíam inspeção municipal. Sete propriedades optaram por não ter o próprio laticínio, fazendo parte de cooperativa; as outras propriedades optaram pela integração vertical. A distribuição é realizada por delivery e venda em mercados pequenos ou lojas próprias. Os maiores centros consumidores encontram-se nos estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo e Minas Gerais, havendo, porém, venda do produto em várias regiões do país. A principal característica do consumidor é o alto poder aquisitivo, fazendo-o buscar o produto em lojas especializadas. Pelo modelo das Cinco Forças de Porter, sugere-se que o sistema se apresenta sustentável e estável, sendo que o principal obstáculo para o crescimento são os produtos substitutos. Há falta de informações técnicas para melhorar a produção, assim, a verticalização do sistema e produção em cadeia curta parece ser a opção mais segura e rentável para os produtores. O modelo de estudo proposto permite analisar uma cadeia curta qualquer, caracterizando-a, com vistas à proposição de estratégias superiores de gestão e coordenação / The dairy sheep industry became economically important in South America in recent decades, but still little studied in Brazil. Milk is utilized for the production of cheese, providing added value, and it is considered a source of income to producers. As a starting point for the study of dairy sheep industry is proposed the description of the agro-industrial system for better understanding of the relationship between the agents. The study of the agri-food chains, targeting higher economic performance, uses microeconomic approaches as Economics of Transaction Costs (ETC), the Economics of Measurements Costs (EMC), Resource-Based View (RBV) and Entrepreneur Theory. Within the agribusiness, there are the \"short food supply chains\", forms of organization and marketing seeking the proximity between producers and consumers. This study aimed to describe the agribusiness of dairy sheep in Brazil, seeking to understand the strategies adopted by agents and propose a methodology to study the short food supply chains. The research was exploratory type and multi-case, through interviews with pre-formulated questionnaires. The agribusiness of dairy sheep was characterized as a short food supply chain system due to the approximation of the producer to the consumer having, in most cases, only one agent responsible for the different stages of the chain. The system is composed, in terms of technological transformation, in four major links: inputs, primary production, processing and distribution. The inputs are purchased in spot markets. It was identified 18 producing farms in the country. The predominant races were Lacaune and East Friesian, with an average of 1.17 liters of milk / animal / day, below the average potential for the races (2 liters). It was observed that 14 among the 18 properties had family labor. Among dairy products, four of them had federal inspection, three had state inspection and three had municipal inspection. Seven farms have chosen not to have the dairy itself but they were part of the cooperative; the other farms have opted for vertical integration. The distribution is carried out by delivery and sale in small markets or stores. The largest consumer centers are in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo and Minas Gerais, however, there were sale of the product in various regions of the country. The main consumer characteristic is the high purchasing power, so they looked for the product in specialty stores. By the Porters five forces model, it is suggested that the system is sustained and stable and the main obstacle for growth are substitute products. There is a lack of technical information to improve production, so the verticalization of the system and production in a short chain system seems to be the safest and most costeffective option for producers. The proposed study model allows the analysis of any short food supply chain, characterizing it, with a view to proposing higher management strategies and coordination

No atual cenário mundial, problemas sociais e ambientais são desafios que mobilizam muitos na busca de alternativas inovadoras em relação ao paradigma vigente, como a inovação social e a tecnologia social. Em meio à transformação da dinâmica dos mercados agroalimentares, decorrente de mudanças no padrão de consumo alimentar, estão se destacando as cadeias agroalimentares curtas, que realizam uma aproximação entre produtores e consumidores. No contexto de Porto Alegre, foi criada uma cadeia agroalimentar curta, formada por sete cooperativas e associações de agricultores familiares, para atender a demanda criada pela Lei 11.947 de 2009, artigo 14, no âmbito do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, que rege que, do total dos recursos financeiros destinados à alimentação escolar de todos os municípios brasileiros, no mínimo 30% deverão ser utilizados na aquisição de alimentos da agricultura familiar. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a cadeia curta de agricultores familiares fornecedora da alimentação escolar da cidade de Porto Alegre sob as perspectivas da inovação social, tecnologia social e cadeias agroalimentares curtas. O referencial teórico versou sobre essas três perspectivas. Foi realizado um estudo de caso na cadeia curta de cooperativas e associações de agricultores familiares que fornecem à alimentação escolar de Porto Alegre. Os dados primários foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e anotações de campo. Os dados secundários são oriundos de documentos, de artigos e de websites. A análise e interpretação dos dados foram realizadas de acordo com a literatura da presente pesquisa. Os resultados evidenciaram que todas as dimensões de inovação social estavam presentes na cadeia curta estudada, assim como parte dos seus elementos. Como uma inovação social, ela encontra-se no estágio de implementação e sustentação. Todos os aspectos de tecnologia social foram encontrados na cadeia curta de cooperativas e associações. Os aspectos de cadeias agroalimentares curtas presentes na cadeia curta estudada auxiliaram no processo de inovação social e tecnologia social, assim como trouxeram benefícios para os atores envolvidos. As políticas públicas, principalmente a resolução do PNAE que favorece a agricultura familiar, foram importantes nesses três processos: de inovação social, de tecnologia social e na constituição de uma cadeia agroalimentar curta. / In the global scenario, social and environmental problems are challenges that mobilize many in the search for innovative alternatives to the current paradigm, such as social innovation and social technology. Amid, the dynamic transformation of agrifood markets, caused by a pattern of changing in the movement of food consumption, were short food supply chains carry out a connection between producers and consumers. In Porto Alegre, a short food supply chain was created within seven cooperatives and farmers associations, to supply a demand created by Law 11.947 of 2009, Article 14, under the “National School Feeding Program” which states that the city government must use a percentage, (at least 30%), of the resources for school feeding to purchase food directly from family farmers. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the short chain farmer’s provider of school meals in Porto Alegre under the perspectives of social innovation, social technology and short agrifood chains. The theoretical framework expounded on these three perspectives. We perform a case study on the short chain of cooperatives and farmers associations, which provides school feeding in Porto Alegre. Primary data was collected through semi-structured interviews and field notes. Secondary data came from documents, articles and websites. The analysis and interpretation of the data were performed according to the literature of this research. The results showed that all dimensions of social innovation were present in the studied short chain, as well as many of its elements. As a social innovation, it is in the implementation and support stage. All aspects of social technology were found in the short chain of cooperatives and associations. Aspects of short food supply chains presented in this short chain helped in the process of social innovation and social technology, and brought benefits to its different actors. Public policies, especially the resolution of PNAE, which favors family farms, were important in these three processes: social innovation, social technology and the development of a short food supply chain.

This thesis explores Centralised Demand Information Sharing (CDIS) in supply chains. CDIS is an information sharing approach where supply chain members forecast based on the downstream member’s demand. The Bullwhip Effect is a demand variance amplification phenomenon: as the demand moves upstream in supply chains, its variability increases. Many papers in the literature show that, if supply chain members forecast using the less variable downstream member’s demand, this amplification can be reduced leading to a reduction in inventory cost. These papers, using strict model assumptions, discuss three demand information sharing approaches: No Information Sharing (NIS), Downstream Demand Inference (DDI) and Demand Information Sharing (DIS). The mathematical analysis in this stream of research is restricted to the Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) forecasting method. A major motivation for this PhD research is to improve the above approaches, and assess those using less restrictive supply chain assumptions. In this research, apart from using the MMSE forecasting method, we also utilise two non-optimal forecasting methods, Simple Moving Averages (SMA) and Single Exponential Smoothing (SES). The reason for their inclusion is the empirical evidence of their high usage, familiarity and satisfaction in practice. We first fill some gaps in the literature by extending results on upstream demand translation for ARMA (p, q) processes to SMA and SES. Then, by using less restrictive assumptions, we show that the DDI approach is not feasible, while the NIS and DIS approaches can be improved. The two new improved approaches are No Information Sharing – Estimation (NIS-Est) and Centralised Demand Information Sharing (CDIS). It is argued in this thesis that if the supply chain strategy is not to share demand information, NIS-Est results in less inventory cost than NIS for an Order Up To policy. On the other hand, if the strategy is to share demand information, the CDIS approach may be used, resulting in lower inventory cost than DIS. These new approaches are then compared to the traditional approaches on theoretically generated data. NIS-Est improves on NIS, while CDIS improves on the DIS approach in terms of the bullwhip ratio, forecast error (as measured by Mean Squared Error), inventory holding and inventory cost. The results of simulation show that the performance of CDIS is the best among all four approaches in terms of these performance metrics. Finally, the empirical validity of the new approaches is assessed on weekly sales data of a European superstore. Empirical findings and theoretical results are consistent regarding the performance of CDIS. Thus, this research concludes that the inventory cost of an upstream member is reduced when their forecasts are based on a Centralised Demand Information Sharing (CDIS) approach.

This dissertation discusses two independent topics. The first part of the dissertation relates three theories of international economics (comparative advantage, competitive advantage, and competitiveness), and formulates the thesis that incorporating them in the form of readily available individual competitiveness indicators in OR/MS models offers promise to enhance decision-support for the strategic planning of global supply chains in general, and for locating facilities in particular. The objectives of this research were to relate each of these theories and to describe their interrelationships; to describe measures provided by two well-known annual competitiveness reports; and to illustrate application of the theories as a means of supporting the thesis of the research, and justifying the research questions we pose for future research. While this research discusses topics relative to the broader background of global supply chain design, it illustrates applications associated with facility location, a component of the global supply chain design. In the last chapter of the first part of the dissertation, we provide a vision to foster future research that will enhance the profitability of international enterprises under NAFTA. The second part of the dissertation deals with the DSCR model with capacity expansion and contraction. The strategic dynamic supply chain reconfiguration (DSCR) problem is to prescribe the location and capacity of each facility, select links used for transportation, and plan material flows through the supply chain, including production, inventory, backorder, and outsourcing levels. The objective is to minimize total cost. The configuration must be dynamically redesigned over time to accommodate changing trends in demand and/or costs by opening facilities, expanding and/or contracting their capacities, and closing facilities. The problem involves a multi-period, multi-product, multi-echelon supply chain. Research objectives are alternative formulations of DSCR and tests that identify the computational characteristics of each model to determine if one offers superior solvability in comparison with the others. To achieve the first objective, we present an initial MIP model, a refined model that relates decision variables according to a convenient structure, and branch and price (B&P) schemes for the refined model. We found that the network-based formulation offered superior solvability compared to the traditional formulation.

In this research, a decision support model for coordinating sustainable product and supply chain design decisions is developed using a multi-stage hierarchical approach. The model evaluates alternate product designs and their corresponding supply chain configurations to identify the best product design and the corresponding supply chain configuration that maximizes the economic, environmental and societal benefits. The model considers a total life-cycle approach and incorporates closed-loop flow among multiple product lifecycles. In the first stage, a mixed integer linear programming model is developed to select for each product design an optimal supply chain configuration that maximizes the profit. In the subsequent stages, the economic, environmental and societal multiple life-cycle analysis models are developed which assess the economic, environment and the societal performance of each product design and its optimal supply chain configuration to identify the best product design with highest sustainability benefits. The decision support model is applied for an example problem to illustrate the procedure for identifying the best sustainable design. Later, the model is applied for a real-time refrigerator case to identify the best refrigerator design that maximizes economic, environmental and societal benefits. Further, sensitivity analysis is performed on the optimization model to study the closed-loop supply chain behavior under various situations. The results indicated that both product and supply chain design criteria significantly influence the performance of the supply chain. The results provided insights into closed-loop supply chain models and their behavior under various situations. Decision support models such as above can help a company identify the best designs that bring highest sustainability benefits, can provide a manager with holistic view and the impact of their design decisions on the supply chain performance and also provide areas for improvement.

Local procurement by public bodies is one type of Short Food Supply Chain (SFSC), which have been argued to contribute to economic regeneration and local sustainable development. In the current UK policy environment, quantifying actual local economic gains could add much-needed weight to arguments in favour of local procurement in the NHS and other public bodies. To aid such quantification, this paper exemplifies and evaluates the use of a ¿quick and simple¿ tool called LM3, designed to measure the local economic benefit of initiatives like SFSCs. LM3 is calculated for the Cornwall Food Programme (CPF), a localised procurement initiative. The findings confirm that the CPF has a considerable impact on the local economy. Notwithstanding this conclusion, difficulties in data collection combined with inaccuracies inherent to the LM3 process created a large margin of error in the findings. Moreover, a qualitative evaluation of the CPF added a valuable understanding of the wider economic impact of the CFP. The use of an even simpler and more reliable ¿LM2¿ multiplier tool is recommended for future studies, accompanied by some qualitative evaluation to create a fuller picture of local economic impacts.

Le lien entre l’entreprise et son territoire d’implantation questionne depuis longtemps les chercheurs qui y répondent diversement selon les disciplines. Depuis quelques années, des formes inédites d’initiatives économiques donnent au territoire une place centrale. Ce travail de recherche entend mener une réflexion, dans le champ de l’entrepreneuriat, sur les relations entre les actants d’un territoire dans leur rapport à la nature et la destination de la valeur créée par leurs organisations. Cette recherche sera conduite dans le cadre d’analyse de l’acteur-réseau pour répondre aux attendus d’une démarche processuelle et méso-analytique.Le travail d’enquête s’est déroulé sur un territoire couvrant trois départements. Il a permis la constitution d’un corpus composé de trente-quatre entretiens semi-directifs faisant référence à cinquante-trois projets ainsi qu’une focale sur soixante-dix-sept initiatives dans le domaine agro-alimentaire. Ce matériau a fait l’objet d’une double analyse thématique et linguistique, à l’aide du logiciel TROPES. Les résultats de cette thèse apparaissent en deux temps. Le premier consiste à décrire le phénomène du point de vue de la forme des organisations et du discours porté sur la valeur et le territoire. Le second, dans le chapitre conclusif, propose une typologie des démarches entrepreneuriales territorialisées dans la perspective de la théorie des réseaux.Plusieurs réseaux coexistent sur les territoires qui partagent entre eux de nombreuses connexions avec toutefois des différences notables entre les structures entrepreneuriales étudiées. Une meilleure connaissance de l’hétérogénéité du phénomène peut permettre aux professionnels un accompagnement plus adapté, tant technique que financier, de ces initiatives. / The link between corporations and the region that they operate in has been a concern for a long time to research scientists, who are responding to this subject differently according to their specialities. For several years, previously unseen economic initiatives have given the region a central place. In the area of entrepreneurship, this research intends to highlight the interactions between the local and regional agents, their relationship with nature, and the end result of the value created by their organisations. This thesis will be driven by the analysis of the actor-network to respond to the considerations of a process oriented and meso-analytical approach. This research has taken place over an area covering three departments. It has allowed the collection of a body of work composed of thirty four semi directed interviews in reference to fifty three projects, as well as a focus on seventy seven initiatives in the food processing industry. This material has been the object of both a thematic and linguistic analysis, with the help of the TROPES software programme.

No description available.

p. 1-196 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-03-19T20:17:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2222222.pdf: 1529556 bytes, checksum: afdc34643e34ea5474e67858ae69165f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima(tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2013-04-09T18:29:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2222222.pdf: 1529556 bytes, checksum: afdc34643e34ea5474e67858ae69165f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-09T18:29:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2222222.pdf: 1529556 bytes, checksum: afdc34643e34ea5474e67858ae69165f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Essa dissertação teve como objetivo geral analisar a aprendizagem organizacional como fonte de competitividade em cadeias de supr imento de sistemas complexos de produção, utilizando o conceito de Redes de Aprendizado como abordagem analítica. A pesquisa busca contribuir com a identificação de mecanismos associados à aprendizagem organizacional e à criação da capacidade tecnológica, considerando não só a empresa isolada, mas também o seu contexto competitivo, ou seja, as relações interorganizacionais na cadeia de suprimento. O referencial teórico estabelecido reúne três áreas de conhecimento: os estudos organizacionais, a economia industrial e a administração estratégica. Com base neste marco referencial foram estabelecidos dois conceitos articulados no modelo de análise: o conceito de aprendizagem organizacional e o de redes de aprendizado. Para o conceito de aprendizagem organizacional foram identificados três componentes: o social, o tecnológico e o estratégico. Já o conceito de Redes de Aprendizado, utilizado como abordagem analítica, foi construído a partir de três dimensões: a cooperação, a coordenação e a motivação -, as quais es tão associadas a uma organização em rede de arranjos de firmas. A estratégia de pesquisa foi o estudo de caso de duas cadeias de suprimento da Embraer, caracterizadas como sistemas complexos de produção. A pesquisa desenvolvida indicou que a aprendizagem organizacional em cadeias de suprimento ocorre efetivamente em projetos de cooperação, com a existência de formas de coordenação que articulam competências, processos organizacionais, estratégias e motivações individuais e coletivas das diferentes firmas da cadeia, podendo resultar em maior capacidade competitiva para as empresas e para a cadeia como um todo. Em função da relevância da coordenação nos processos de aprendizagem organizacional nas cadeias de suprimento pesquisadas, essa dimensão do modelo de análise foi reafirmada como aquela que estabelece a relação entre a aprendizagem organizacional como fonte de competitividade e o conceito de Redes de Aprendizado. Ao utilizar o conceito de Redes de Aprendizado como abordagem analítica foi possível capturar alguns aspectos da dinâmica de trajetórias coletivas de acumulação de competências que podem ser associadas a diferenciais de uma cadeia de suprimento. / Salvador

Submitted by Daniele Santos (danielesantos.htl@gmail.com) on 2017-03-16T20:11:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Harper McConnell_Submission.pdf: 844847 bytes, checksum: bea7b15af8dbef9f8365d2341a82cc90 (MD5) / Rejected by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br), reason: Favor efetuar nova submissão incluindo a folha com a Ficha Catalográfica e a Folha de Assinatura da Banca. A versão impressa que foi entregue na SRA está correta. A SRA aguarda a comunicação sobre a nova submissão. Cordialmente. on 2017-03-17T17:03:23Z (GMT) / Submitted by Daniele Santos (danielesantos.htl@gmail.com) on 2017-03-22T14:10:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Harper.pdf: 2355964 bytes, checksum: 3bcc6a19c6f13be514720d40defa37d3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2017-03-22T14:15:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Harper.pdf: 2355964 bytes, checksum: 3bcc6a19c6f13be514720d40defa37d3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T12:44:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Harper.pdf: 2355964 bytes, checksum: 3bcc6a19c6f13be514720d40defa37d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-08 / A proliferation of coffee ethical sourcing certifications has cropped up over the past two decades, yet do these certifications have a positive correlated impact on coffee farmers and how does the industry measure this impact? This study analyzes 340 coffee supply chains, representing 11% of the global green Arabica coffee production, participating in a verification program that measures the following categorical indicators: social responsibility, economic accountability, producer support, coffee processing and environment. The study finds that as Producer Support indicator scores increase, Economic Accountability scores increase, while Social Responsibility indicators have no statistical correlation to Economic Accountability scores as measured by this verification program.