Orientador: Emília Wanda Rutkowski / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T07:35:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_AlessandroSanches_D.pdf: 5165595 bytes, checksum: 73620d8378ad8d181301438136ddfb13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A otimização do desempenho das cadeias de ofertas é um processo importante para promover o desenvolvimento sustentável, uma vez que as atividades de produção e seus fluxos de distribuição de produtos estão intimamente ligadas às mudanças ambientais. Neste contexto, o conceito gestão sustentável da cadeia de oferta é entendido como a gestão dos serviços, produtos e matérias-primas ao longo da cadeia com melhorias para os objetivos ambientais e sociais. Este estudo analisa a cadeia de oferta de biomassa florestal com a finalidade de propor uma estratégia de avaliação de desempenho. A Suécia foi usada como área de pesquisa e forneceu informação para a construção da estratégia para a avaliação do conceito de sustentabilidade no desempenho da cadeia de oferta. É importante abordar que este estudo é o resultado da parceria entre Brasil e Suécia representados pela UNICAMP, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, e KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, dentro do Programa de Cooperação Externa Erasmus Mundus entre a União Européia e Brasil / Abstract: The performance optimization of supply chains is an important process to promote sustainable development, since production activities and products distributions flows are closely linked to environmental changes. In this context, the sustainable supply chain management concept is understood as the management of services, products and raw materials along the chain with improvements to the environmental and social goals. This study analyzes the forest-based biomass supply chains with the purpose of proposing a performance assessment strategy. Sweden provided a framework that was used to design a strategy to guide supply chain performance evaluation. It is important to address that this study is the outcome of the partnership between Brazil and Sweden represented by UNICAMP, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, and KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, under the Erasmus Mundus External Cooperation Window EU-Brazil, StartUP Program / Doutorado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Doutor em Engenharia Civil

Subway is the leading fast food franchise chain having over 29.700 branches in 87 countries and differentiating itself among other fast foods by serving healthy food. The chain's focus for further development is concentrated on the countries in Central Europe (Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary and Croatia) and its 47 branches. However, the concept of supply chain in this region is disunited and leads to unfair high costs and high requirements from the branch management. Therefore there is an urgent need to unite the logistic system. The idea is that all the branches in the region will keep two or three local suppliers providing delivery of vegetables, drinks and local specialties; other goods will be distributed by single logistics company in the form of consolidated supply. The new logistic concept for provision of availability of products needed for proper work of all Subway branches in Central and Eastern Europe in context of integration, unification and simplification of logistic chains and its effective management is suggested in the work from the logistic service provider point of view. The task is solved in three parts -- transportation of goods from the producers to the warehouse, its delivery to individual branches, and warehouses itself including the cost calculations. The analysis of supplier's location and the location of supplied branches conclusion follows on locating the warehouse unit near Prague. The kinds of goods could be divided into frozen, cooled, dry and non-food goods. The consumption of individual kinds of goods is specified and the process of supplying the warehouse, means of transport, number of drivers, consolidation on distribution routes and its frequency is suggested. The supply of 47 branches will be done with special means of transport with combined shipping space enabling separate transport of individual kinds of goods by using the mobile screens; on 5 routes always between 7:00 to 23:00 in every country on the same day. The warehouse is a key place for delivery consolidation according to the needs of individual branches in accordance with FIFO principle. About 70 different articles of goods are stocked in three parts; respectively in truss racks with longitudinal filling with capacity of 168 pallet spaces in the height of 4 pallets. The manipulation is provided by low-lift and high-lift trucks. The limit warehouse is rectangular with the area of 122.4 m2, Monthly cost are 485,- Kč for pallet space, the costs in the frozen and cooled warehouse are higher by 15,-Kč per pallet space, that is 500,- Kč. The total costs to supply all the Subway branch restaurants in the whole region is the total sum of costs for good acquisition, its transfer from suppliers to the warehouse, warehouse operations and distribution of goods to individual branches.

This master thesis describes and proves how companies can improve their operational performance and supplier relationships by using modern collaborative and planning practices, specifically the Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR) concept. The theoretical part depicts main developments in supply chain planning over time, shows common challenges in the world of supply chain and offers possible solutions in terms of collaborative supply chain planning practices. The practical part analyzes the CPFR process between one of the leading providers of telecommunications services T-Mobile and its major mobile handset supplier Nokia. The concluding part defines gaps between an ideal to-be process of supply chain collaboration and the status quo process. Status quo benefits of current CPFR processes are described as well.

O presente trabalho trata da relação entre estratégias de diversificação junto a produção rural familiar e os incentivos decorrentes das diferentes estruturas de governança que determinam as relações sistêmicas de troca e divisão do trabalho. A necessidade de manutenção no nível de bem-estar social associado a renda familiar e as contingências do ambiente em que este segmento se insere leva a considerar o processo de inovação como fenômeno transitório onde a firma rural adote diferentes fontes de rendimento, dentro e fora da propriedade. A compreensão de como as variáveis transacionais (incerteza, especificidade dos ativos, frequência e interação entre transações) interferem na decisão de alocação de recursos pode ser útil no delineamento de políticas voltadas ao desenvolvimento local sustentável. Para isso, um modelo heurístico é proposto relacionando duas variáveis: complementariedade estratégica e mobilidade. Quatro comunidades fornecedoras de insumos da sociobiodiversidade brasileira ajudam a ilustrar a proposta analítica, a saber: Salvaterra, Bragança, Breves, no estado do Pará, e Palmeira do Piauí no estado do Piauí. A conclusão é que os atores econômicos agem conforme suas capacidades tecnológicas e gerenciais e combinação de incentivos externos a firma, o que reflete em sua capacidade de manter o nível de renda. / The aim of this work is the relationship between diversification strategies with rural family production and incentives stemming from different governance structures which determine the systemic relationships of trade and division of labor. The need to sustain the social welfare level associated with family income and environmental contingencies should be consider. The innovation process is described as a transitory phenomenon where rural firm adopts a diversification of income-generating activities. The company can be regarded as transactions link. An empirical model was proposed based on two variables: strategic complementarity and mobility. The purpose is to provide parameters to serve as decision subsidies for formulation of public policies and business practices (including technology transfer mechanisms) aimed at reducing poverty in the rural environment. Four communities were studied in relation to the Brazilian socio-biodiversity chain: Salvaterra, Bragança, Breves, at Pará state and Palmeira do Piauí, at Piauí state. This study concludes that economic actors operate according to their technological and managerial capabilities and combination of incentives external from the firm.

<p>Doktorska disertacija razmatra probleme upravljanja rizicima u lancima snabdevanja sa osnovnim ciljem razvoja modela za upravljanje određenom grupom rizika-logističkim rizicima. Na osnovu širokog pregleda postojeće literature predloženo je više originalnih konceptualnih okvira namenjenih razumevanju složene strukture koncepta rizika u lancima snabdevanja i principa njihove sistemske analize i upravljanja. Takođe, razvijen je originalni model identifikacije, ocene i tretiranja logističkih rizika, koji se zasniva na simulaciji diskretnih događaja i SCOR metodologiji. Testiranjem predloženih okvira i modela na realnom primeru pokazana je njihova praktična primeljivost.</p> / <p>The thesis is dedicated to exploring the problems of supply chain risk<br />management with the final aim of developing model for logistics risk<br />management. Based on a broad literature review it is proposed a several<br />original conceptual frameworks aimed to understanding the complex<br />structure of the supply chain risks concept as well as principles of their<br />system analysis and management. In addition, original model for<br />identification, assessment and control is developed, based on discrete event<br />simulation and SCOR methodology. Case study shows practical applicability<br />of proposed frameworks and models.</p>

[pt] A preocupação com o esgotamento de recursos naturais, acrescida de legislações cada vez mais restritivas no descarte de materiais, fez com que modelos de negócio baseados na reutilização de itens ganhassem força em comparação aos baseados em descarte. Nas cadeias de distribuição do tipo closed-loop, a gestão de itens retornáveis permanece como ponto de grande preocupação para seus gestores, dados os altos investimentos realizados nestas populações, contrastando com a relativa baixa atenção dada ao desenvolvimento de técnicas de gestão. O controle individual de itens retornáveis com a utilização de tecnologias como identificação por radiofrequência (RFID) mostra-se como a solução para alguns destes desafios. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a viabilidade desta aplicação dado o atual estágio de maturidade da tecnologia RFID, identificar os fatores críticos de sucesso através da análise de estudos de caso envolvendo aplicações similares, e propor uma abordagem integrada para a indústria de distribuição de gás liquefeito de petróleo (GLP) no mercado brasileiro. Tendo a tecnologia atingido um grau adequado de maturidade, com soluções integradas disponíveis no mercado, os principais desafios deste tipo de aplicação passam a envolver questões organizacionais, como a gestão da mudança, similarmente à implantação de tecnologias bastante maduras, como sistemas de gestão integrados. / [en] Concerns with the exhaustion of natural resources, combined with growing legal restrictions on waste disposal, has drawn attention to business models based on the reutilization of items, in comparison with the disposal-based models. In closed-loop supply chains, the management of returnable items remains as a major challenge for its leaders, due to the significant investments made on these populations, contrasting with the relatively low attention given to the development of management practices in this area. The individual control of returnable items with the use of the radio frequency identification (RFID) technology emerges as a possible solution for these challenges. The objectives of this research are to evaluate the current maturity level of the RFID technology, identify critical success factors through the analysis of related case studies, and propose an integrated approach for the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) distribution industry in Brazil. Having reached a satisfactory maturity level, with integrated solutions available in the marketplace, the main challenges of such applications move towards organizational issues, as change management, similar to the implementation of more mature technologies, such as enterprise resource planning systems.

The research topic of this study is market-specific supply chain strategy, and the research problem is defined as, how manufacturing companies can use the DWV3 classification system to evaluate the opportunity for a market-specific supply chain strategy. What has been written about the DWV3 classification system is somewhat general in its nature and the practitioner is left without detailed instructions on how to proceed with the analytical analysis. Key elements of the DWV3 classification system that is not explicitly described in the literature is (1) how to measure each of the classification variables, (2) how to define a suitable limit for each measure in order to classify the products and (3) how to reason when sequencing the classification variables in the clustering analysis. Hence, the purpose of this thesis is to make the DWV3 classification system more available to practitioners, and thus the aim is to illustrate how to tackle the key elements of the framework by applying it on the Atlas Copco Industrial Technique Business Area product portfolio. A single-case study design was chosen as a suitable research approach for this thesis. The application of the DWV3 system to the ITBA product portfolio was considered as the phenomenon under investigation, the case, of this study. Two sets of quantitative data were collected, demand data and product master data. The qualitative data collected was related to the ITBA supply chain set-up and the products as well as the customers’ responsiveness requirements for each assortment included in the study. All qualitative data was collected through interviews. The findings of this study are summarized in a number of conclusions that can serve as guidelines for practitioners that are about to apply the DWV3 system. These are (1) as far as possible use measures at the single product level, (2) use measures that express each classification variable in a way that is relevant to the matching of demand characteristics and supply chain strategy, (3) be prepared to redefine initial measures in order to describe the studied products’ characteristics in the best possible way, (4) develop measures that are based on available data or data that is feasible to attain, (5) adjust the number of codification levels to find the best trade-off between the level of detail in the cluster analysis and the number of populated segments, (6) alter the sequencing and repeat the cluster analysis to gain insight into the demand characteristics of the product portfolio, (7) the final sequencing of the classification variables must produce clusters that are relevant for the chosen production philosophy concepts.

Over the past decades the world has become increasingly interconnected, and global commodity trade has increased substantially in scope and complexity. Simultaneously, we are rapidly moving towards a future with an increased risk of severe disruption caused by the effects of climate change globally. As trade flows can connect distant regions thousands of miles apart, they can also transmit risks of climate change via impacts on supply chains. This study examines these risk flows through a case study, focusing on exposure to climate change risks to the Swedish consumption of Brazilian soy. Taking in to account both the exposure of climate change to agricultural production in Brazil, and the potential climate vulnerability of the transport network that is used in the agricultural supply, this study brings together data and methods from eight different sources to assess climate risks to production and transport in a novel integrated climate risk assessment. The ability to link consumption data, production data and transport network information together at a municipality resolution constitutes a major innovation and step forward in climate-related supply chain risk assessment. The study find that future risks posed to Swedish sourcing of Brazilian soy are relatively low. Considering dynamic effects of the future market does however suggest that securing future supplies of soy can still be a challenging task for Sweden.

Global supply chains feature multi-tier systems encompassing many geographically dispersed and sequential partners operating across diversified product chains. This research attempts to examine the different mechanisms that reinforce the management of sustainability throughout complex multi-tier supply chain. Using a multi-case study of a sample of eight firms and relying on the foundations of complexity theory, this research recognises the complex operating environment of global multi-tier supply chains and reveals various mechanisms to effectively manage and facilitate the relationships with first- and lower-tier suppliers. Although institutional controls are important to manage the sustainability of first-tier suppliers, the findings posit that due to the inherent complexities of global multi-tier supply chains, duplicating institutional controls to lower-tier suppliers might not be effective. Therefore, firms should attempt to foster modest mechanisms that reinforce adaptation and self-organisation, for example, collaboration and guiding mechanisms, to effectively manage the sustainability of lower-tier suppliers. The research contributes to multi-tier sustainable supply chain management literature by exploring the different mechanisms to manage multi-tier supply chains and the inherent complexities that may impact on firms’ endeavours in achieving their sustainability goals. Managers can utilise different contingent mechanisms to effectively manage the relationships with suppliers that are beyond their immediate visibility.

Dans le contexte des défis environnementaux et sociaux de l’Anthropocène, les microfermes sont des fermes maraîchères biologiques qui questionnent les fondements de la modernisation agricole par leurs petites surfaces, leur grande diversité cultivée, leur faible niveau de motorisation, une approche écologique holiste et leur commercialisation en circuits courts. Cette thèse a examiné la viabilité de ces systèmes agricoles atypiques qui suscitent un intérêt croissant dans les pays industrialisés. Elle s’est basée sur une étude de 20 cas en milieu rural dans le nord de la France et 10 cas en milieu urbain à Londres. Une démarche inductive a été mise en œuvre combinant analyse qualitative d’entretiens avec des paysans et modélisation quantitative à partir de données de terrain. Un cadre conceptuel a été développé pour analyser les choix stratégiques des paysans au regard des multiples aspirations de leur projet de vie où des considérations éthiques et subjectives occupent une place centrale. La satisfaction de ces aspirations est primordiale pour la viabilité de ces fermes. Un modèle de simulation stochastique de revenu et de temps de travail a été créé pour explorer les chances de viabilité économique de scénarios contrastés de microfermes intégrant stratégies techniques, commerciales et d’investissement. Des simulations ont été réalisées pour le contexte français et londonien et ont été discutées avec des acteurs de terrain. Bien que les chances de viabilité varient selon les scénarios, ce travail montre que les microfermes peuvent être viables. / In the context of the environmental and social challenges of the Anthropocene, microfarms are organic market gardens which are questioning the principles of agricultural modernisation. They are characterised by a high level of crop diversity on small acreages, low motorisation, holistic ecological approach and marketing through short supply chains. My PhD work examined the viability of these atypical farming systems which are raising an increasing interest in industrialised countries. It was based on the study of 20 cases in rural Northern France and 10 cases in the urban context of London. An inductive approach was carried out combining qualitative analysis of interviews with farmers and quantitative modelling based on field data.A conceptual framework was developed to analyse farmers’ strategic choices in the light of their life project embracing various aspirations where ethics and subjectivity played a central role. The fulfilment of these aspirations is determinant for the viability of these fams. A stochastic simulation model of income and workload was created to explore the chances of economic viability of contrasted microfarms scenarios integrating technical, commercial and investment strategies. Simulations were run for the French and London context and were discussed with stakeholders. Although viability chances vary among scenarios, this work shows that microfarms can be viable.