OLIVEIRA, Lucio José de. Sustentabilidade do modelo agrícola: um estudo de caso. 2009. 83 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em engenharia agrícola)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2009. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-06-24T18:08:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_ljoliveira.pdf: 1237958 bytes, checksum: 486b70e28492a5005e54d0127f99782d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-07-21T20:18:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_ljoliveira.pdf: 1237958 bytes, checksum: 486b70e28492a5005e54d0127f99782d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T20:18:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_ljoliveira.pdf: 1237958 bytes, checksum: 486b70e28492a5005e54d0127f99782d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Growth and economic development are different concepts. Growth refers to amount of wealth produced by society while economic development refers to quality of life of the people in society. The main goal of the work was characterize the survival of farmers in the rural communities located in the down stream area of Faé watershed. This watershed belongs to basin of high Jaguaribe and involving the Counties of Acopiara, Iguatu, Orós e Quixelô. This studied area is sited in the South-central region of the Ceará State, Brazil. It was applied 237 forms of the “cross over” type with subjective and objective questions. Data were organized in the software Excel. To define similar groups of farmers it was applied the multivariate hierarchical cluster analysis. Multivariable analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0. It was observed the similarity between the studied families. It was used the cutoff point in the dendrogram to define the amount of groups. This point was determined when the value of rescheduled distance of the clustering coefficient reached 8.68. This enabled formation of 5 groups, composed by families independent of geographic position of their location. Results showed that 96% of people have a low education level; 59% are over 41 years old; 85% use pesticides; only 10% of studied farmers use Individual Protection Equipment; 17% have technical orientation to use pesticides; 54% don’t know and/or disrespect the time for use the pesticides safety. 1% return packaging to suppliers; 2% reuse the empty containers of pesticides and 62% discard them in the environment. Results also showed that 40% of people don’t taking any care after the use of chemicals; 50% of them use irrigation system and among them 52% use flood irrigation; 63% don’t preserve the environment; 36% have no knowledge of repair zone conservation; 77% declared that they have no motivation to conserve the environment; 36% participate in some kind of community association; 54% don’t use soil conservation techniques in sloping areas; 68% don’t make the crop rotation; 41% use tillage technique ; 11% devastate vegetation cover of the land; 33% burn the forest; 73% of properties are up to 1 hectare; 48% are tenant; 61% of people live with family incomes of up to U$ 200,00 monthly; 39% of the people use water supplied by wells; 53% have septic tank in their homes. Groups I, II and III are similar to each other in relation family behavior. They are composed by rural family. Groups IV and V are similar each other, but they are different of others, and they have urban characteristics. / Crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico são conceitos que não podem ser confundidos. O primeiro se refere à quantidade de riqueza produzida pela sociedade. O segundo, está relacionado à qualidade de vida dentro de uma sociedade. A sustentabilidade pode ser entendida como a sobrevivência dos indivíduos no grupo social. A realização deste trabalho objetivou descrever as condições de sobrevivência dos agricultores e agricultoras das comunidades rurais inseridas na parte baixa da bacia hidrográfica do riacho Faé, tributária da bacia do alto Jaguaribe, envolvendo os municípios de Acopiara, Iguatu, Orós e Quixelô, pertencentes à microrregião centro-sul do Estado do Ceará. Foram aplicados 237 questionários do tipo “cross over”, com perguntas abertas e fechadas. Realizou-se a caracterização sócio-econômica e ambiental da região estudada. A tabulação foi feita em planilha Excel. Empregou-se a técnica de analysis de cluster, pelo Método de Ward, através da versão 16.0 do SPSS, para a realização da análise hierárquica multivariada de agrupamentos, observando-se as similaridades entre as famílias estudadas. O ponto de corte no dendrograma, para definir o número de grupos, foi determinado quando a distância reescalonada do coeficiente de aglomeração atingiu o valor 8,68; o que permitiu a formação de 5 grupos, compostos por famílias independente de sua localização comunitária. Constatou-se que 96% da população possuem baixa escolaridade; 59% se encontram acima dos 41 anos de idade; 85% fazem uso de agrotóxicos; 10% utilizam Equipamento de Proteção Individual; 17% recebem orientação técnica para usar agrotóxico; 54% desconhecem e/ou desrespeitam o período de carência dos produtos; 1% devolve as embalagens aos fornecedores; 2% reutilizam as embalagens vazias de agrotóxicos e 62% jogam-nas no meio ambiente; 40% não toma qualquer tipo de cuidado após o uso de produtos químicos; 50% dos produtores fazem uso de irrigação, destes, 52% utilizam o método por inundação; 63% disseram que não preservam o meio ambiente; 88% não têm conhecimento sobre a preservação de matas ciliares; 77% disseram que não existe mobilização comunitária para preservar o meio ambiente; 36,44% participam de algum tipo de agremiação comunitária; 54% afirmaram que não usam curvas de nível em áreas declivosas; 68% não fazem rotação de cultura; 41% realizam aração e gradagem; 11% desmatam; 33% realizam queimadas; 73% das propriedades são de até 1 hectare; 48% são arrendatários;61% com renda familiar de até 1 salário mínimo; 39% se abastecem através de cacimbões; 53% possuem fossa séptica em suas residências. Os grupos I, II e III se apresentaram como semelhantes entre si, formados por famílias com características tipicamente rurais; os grupos IV e V, embora semelhantes entre si, apresentaram-se dessemelhantes entre os demais, demonstrando características tipicamente urbanas.

A quantidade de novos casos de câncer, o número de mortes causadas por ele e a quantidade de pessoas convivendo com a doença (cinco anos após o diagnóstico) têm crescido em todo o mundo. Em função disso, analisar dados de pacientes com câncer torna-se uma ferramenta necessária para avaliar os programas de tratamento e monitorar o progresso das iniciativas de controle da doença. No que tange a análise, a mortalidade é um dos parâmetros utilizados para avaliar os resultados dessa área e as metodologias tradicionalmente utilizadas compreendem o método de Kaplan-Meier e o modelo de Cox. Ambos, porém, desprezam que um paciente com câncer pode vir a óbito por um câncer diferente do primeiro diagnosticado ou, até mesmo, por causas não relacionadas à doença. Portanto, propomos a utilização e entendimento de métodos de análise de sobrevivência que consideram eventos competitivos a fim avaliar incidências, letalidades e fatores associados ao óbito de pacientes com câncer primário atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre entre 2002 e 2009. Os resultados obtidos permitiram um melhor conhecimento dos tipos de cânceres com maiores incidências (pele (1.920 casos), próstata (1.080 casos), brônquios e pulmões (950 casos), mama (893 casos), sistema hematopoiético e reticuloendotelial (654 casos), cólon (573 casos), esôfago (497 casos), estômago (422 casos), neoplasia maligna secundária e não especificada dos gânglios linfáticos (360 casos) e colo do útero (328 casos)) e letalidades (pâncreas (145 óbitos; 57,1%), brônquios e pulmões (527 óbitos; 55,5%) e esôfago (262 óbitos, 52,7%)), considerando os eventos competitivos. Em função das vantagens do método, recomenda-se aos pesquisadores que não desprezem, em seus estudos, situações com eventos competitivos, uma vez que há softwares e diversos materiais disponíveis que auxiliam e facilitam sua aplicação. / The amount of new cancer cases, the number of deaths caused by it, and the number of people living with the disease (five years after the diagnosis) have grown around the world. Due that, analyzing cancer patient’s data becomes a necessary tool for evaluating treatment programs and monitor the progress of the disease control initiatives. Regarding the analysis, mortality is one of the parameters used to evaluate the results of this area and the methodologies traditionally used include the Kaplan-Meier and Cox model. However, these methodologies do not consider the fact that the death of a cancer patient can be caused by a different cancer diagnosed or even by causes unrelated to the disease. Therefore, we propose the use and understanding of survival analysis methods that consider competing events in order to assess incidence, lethality and factors associated with death in patients with primary cancer attended at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre from 2002 to 2009. The results allowed a better understanding of the types of cancers with higher incidence (skin (1,920 cases), prostate (1,080 cases), bronchi and lungs (950 cases), breast (893 cases), hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial system (654 cases), colon (573 cases), esophagus (497 cases), stomach (422 cases), second malignancy and not specified lymph nodes (360 cases) and cervix (328 cases)) and lethality (pancreas (145 deaths; 57.1%), bronchi and lungs (527 deaths; 55.1%) and esophagus (262 deaths; 52.7%)), considering the competing events. In addition, we also evaluated how gender and age contribute to the risk of death from some cancers: women has bigger risk of death for esophageal cancer, while age was associated with the risk of death for prostate cancer. This study allowed characterizing the profile of cancers attended by the hospital by considering the competing events into the estimates methods. Due the advantages of the method, we recommend to researchers do not despise, in their studies, situations with competing events, since there are many softwares and materials available to help and facilitate its implementation.

Current research is necessary to focus management of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the agricultural Midwest, especially given the novel presence of chronic wasting disease in the region. My objectives were to: 1) examine the potential effects of weather and row-crop harvest on daily harvest of white-tailed deer by archery, and individual hunter variables (e.g., age, weapon preference, preference of hunting method) on individual hunter efficiency and success in 2 regions of Illinois (i.e., east-central and southern Illinois); 2) estimate white-tailed deer densities using direct (i.e., spotlighting deer from road transects) and indirect (i.e., counting pellet groups on randomly-placed transects) techniques across 3 study areas in the midwestern U.S.; 3) quantify sex, age, and season-specific survival and dispersal rates of white-tailed deer in east-central Illinois; and 4) assess habitat selection of white-tailed deer during the summer months in east-central Illinois. Knowledge of factors affecting hunter efficiency and success is vital given current trends in hunter attitudes and behaviors that are leading to a reduction in the efficacy of white-tailed deer hunting as a population management tool nationwide. Numerous techniques of density estimation for white-tailed deer have been developed, including aerial surveys, mark-recapture or resight methods, pellet counts, and thermal infrared imaging surveys. Distance sampling has shown great potential for estimating white-tailed deer density at a reduced cost relative to traditional survey techniques and may be useful within the agriculturally-dominated Midwest. Survival and dispersal rates are pertinent model parameters when examining chronic wasting disease (CWD) geographic spread. Structural changes in agricultural landscapes are frequent (i.e., temporally) and ecologically abrupt (i.e., spatially) due to crop harvest and rotation and human development. Providing sex-specific data on site selection would benefit agencies and private land owners by allowing compartmental focus for selective management strategies for either male or female white-tailed deer. Following the 2006 hunting season, I queried white-tailed deer hunters regarding factors potentially affecting hunter efficiency and success in east-central and southern Illinois using a mail-in survey (n = 2,000). I also examined the influence of weather and row-crop harvest progress on daily harvest of white-tailed deer by archery hunting. Hunter efficiency ( ¡À SE= 0.12 ¡À 0.01 deer/day) and hunter success (range = 1.25-1.39 deer/hunter) were similar between study areas. No relationship (r2 <0.01) was detected between respondent age and hunter efficiency, but had a weak influence (r2 = 0.006) on hunter success. Respondents that preferred shotguns, used 1 weapon, and those that preferred still hunting had 62%, 58%, and 52%, respectively, greater (P ¡Ü 0.001) mean hunter efficiency than those in the lowest group within their particular categories. There was no apparent difference (P ¡Ý 0.087) in hunter efficiency across categories of area familiarity, number of hunting methods used, and scouting hours, or categories related to access and use of reconnaissance tools. Respondents that had ¡Ý11 years of area familiarity, preferred archery hunting, used ¡Ý 3 weapons, used ¡Ý3 hunting methods, scouted ¡Ý30 hours, and preferred tree stands had 51%, 45%, 62%, 35%, 61% and 41%, respectively, greater (P ¡Ü 0.001) mean hunter success than those in the lowest group within their particular categories. Access and use of GIS did not appear to affect (P = 0.376) hunter success. Respondents that had access and used topographic maps, aerial or satellite photographs, or GPS had 35%, 34%, and 29% greater (P ¡Ü 0.049), respectively, hunter success than those in the lowest group within their particular categories. Crop harvest progress did not (P = 0.780) appear to affect daily harvest of white-tailed deer by archery hunting. Three models of weather impacts on daily harvest of white-tailed deer by archery hunting had AICc <2. The most parsimonious models¡¯ covariates were MaxWSP, MSLP, and WDSP1, with MaxWSP (¦Â = -0.005) having a negative influence and MSLP (¦Â = 0.00007) and WDSP1 (¦Â = 0.006) having a positive influence on daily harvest of white-tailed deer by archery. I compared direct- and indirect distance sampling techniques for estimating white-tailed deer densities on study areas in east-central Illinois (ECI), southern Illinois (SI, 2007 only), and northern lower peninsula of Michigan (MI) during winter 2007-08. Density estimates obtained via indirect distance sampling for MI, ECI, and SI were 6.1-12.7, 11.2-15.8, and 15.4 deer/km2, respectively. Density estimates obtained via direct distance sampling for MI, ECI, and SI were 18.3-25.2, 14.4-18.1, and 19.0 deer/km2, respectively. Upon examining confidence interval (CI) overlap between direct- and indirect distance sampling techniques by year and study area, only the MI study had non-overlapping CI values. An examination of sites used by deer in summer and quantification of their survival and dispersal rates were conducted in east-central Illinois. From December 2005 to September 2009, I monitored 105 white-tailed deer for 35,478 radiodays for survival and dispersal analysis. I used Program MARK to estimate rates of annual survival, seasonal survival, and dispersal for fawns, yearlings, and adults. I measured habitat variables at sites used by white-tailed deer in summer and random locations in east-central Illinois, examining potential differences in site selection by sex and at multiple scales. Male and female full-season (winter/spring [16 Dec¨C14 May], summer [15 May-30 Sep], fall/winter [1 Oct¨C15 Dec]) survival rate ranged from 0.56 to 0.95 and 0.84 to 0.95, respectively. Male survival was lower than that of females during the fall/winter season for a model not accounting for overdispersion. Averaging across parsimonious models, the dispersal rate for yearling and fawn males and yearling and fawn females were 0.44 ¡À 0.07 and 0.41 ¡À 0.07, respectively. Adult male dispersal rate was 0.46 ¡À 0.15 and no adult females dispersed. Slight differences were observed in habitat variables at sites used by male and female white-tailed deer, but hypotheses of sexual segregation between the sexes were not supported. Males were never observed in developed landcover. Sex differences in the use of developed landcover approached significance with females using sites with that landcover 131% more than males; they also used sites with 87% higher patch density of wetland landcover than males. Based on the best-fit AIC model, overall (i.e., both males and females) site selection of white-tailed deer was influenced by patch density of agriculture landcover, percentage of fallow field landcover, disjunct core area of the landscape, upper visual obstruction, and percentage of shrubs. Increases in upper visual obstruction and percent of shrub increased the likelihood of a site being selected. Decreases in patch density of agriculture landcover, percentage of fallow field landcover, and disjunct core area of the landscape increased the likelihood of a site being selected. This study provides updated information regarding white-tailed deer demographics, habitat use, survey methods, and hunter behavior to white-tailed deer managers in the Midwest. The data produced from mail-in surveys may provide knowledge of influences on hunter efficiency and success that may be used to manipulate deer harvest under a declining number of hunters in the U.S. Consistent estimates of density between indirect- and direct distance sampling shows utility for use of direct distance sampling within agriculturally-dominated regions of the Midwest. Fine-scale management by private landowners may benefit from my data by demonstrating a preference for a particular landscape signature by deer during the summer.

I studied population demographics and space-use of white-tailed deer in Manistee and Mason counties in the northern lower peninsula of Michigan during 2005-08. Deer density from spring spotlight distance sampling surveys was 20.1 ± 1.7 deer/km2. The sex ratio was 14 bucks:100 does and the age ratio was 84 fawns:100 does. I radiomarked and monitored 105 does (62 adults and 43 fawns) for survival and space use. Annual adult survival was 0.74 ± 0.06, with most mortalities (n = 8 of 23) caused by human harvest. Adult survival was the highest during winter (1.00) and lowest in autumn (0.81 ± 0.08). Winter/spring fawn survival was 0.74 ± 0.06, with all mortalities caused by predation (n = 4) and starvation (n = 3). Mean size of composite home-ranges and core-areas were 2.0 ± 0.1 km2 and 0.4 ± 0.02 km2, respectively, and did not differ seasonally. Cover-type use did not differ seasonally between home ranges and core areas, indicating that deer did not select specific cover types within their home range. Vegetated openland and mast-producing upland forests received the highest proportion of use in home ranges (47% and 23%, respectively) and core areas (49% and 21%, respectively). These data will be beneficial for modeling deer population growth and response to harvest and to focus habitat management prescriptions for the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians.

Introdução: As bronquiectasias não-fibrocísticas são uma doença supurativa crônica caracterizada pela dilatação anormal e irreversível de um ou mais brônquios e são a via final de uma grande variedade de doenças, embora possam não ter uma causa identificável. Elas levam ao comprometimento da função pulmonar, colonização bacteriana crônica das vias aéreas, infecções respiratórias de repetição, redução da tolerância ao exercício e piora na qualidade de vida, entre outras coisas. Existem poucos estudos na literatura que abordam os fatores relacionados ao prognóstico desses pacientes. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a taxa de mortalidade e os fatores relacionados à morbidade e à mortalidade de uma coorte de pacientes com bronquiectasias não-fibrocísticas durante um seguimento de 6 a 8 anos e testar a habilidade dos escores Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI) e FACED de predizer a mortalidade dos pacientes na nossa coorte. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo de uma coorte de 70 pacientes com bronquiectasias não-fibrocísticas que foram originalmente recrutados de Maio de 2008 a Agosto de 2010. O estudo original forneceu os dados necessários para a classificação de gravidade da doença segundo os escores BSI e FACED e todos os dados usados para esse propósito foram coletados na avaliação inicial. Após o cálculo dos escores, os pacientes foram separados em diferentes grupos de acordo com a gravidade da doença. Nós também avaliamos os prontuários de todos os pacientes para determinar o número de hospitalizações por exacerbações após a avaliação inicial, o desfecho a longo prazo para cada paciente e a causa do desfecho quando apropriado. Os desfechos foram definidos como favoráveis e desfavoráveis (sobreviventes submetidos a transplante pulmonar e óbito por todas as causas) e foram determinados até 1° de março de 2016. Resultados: Dos 70 pacientes, 27 (38,57%) haviam morrido e 1 (1,43%) sido submetido ao transplante pulmonar. Análise de sobrevivência demonstrou que o tempo médio para a ocorrência dos desfechos desfavoráveis foi de 74,67 ± 4,00 meses (IC 66,82 – 82,52). A principal causa de óbito foi a exacerbação infecciosa aguda das bronquiectasias (60,7% dos óbitos). Na nossa coorte, o modelo de risco proporcional de Cox identificou a idade (p=0,035; HR 1,04; IC 1,01 – 1,08), o VEF1 % do previsto (p=0,045; HR 0,97; IC 0,93 – 0,99) e a Pemax (p=0,016; HR 0,97; IC 0,94 – 0,99) como preditores independentes de desfechos desfavoráveis. A maior parte dos pacientes (44,3%) foi classificada como tendo doença grave pelo escore BSI e 97,2% como tendo doença leve ou moderada (48,6% cada) pelo escore FACED. De maneira geral, o escore FACED foi um melhor preditor de desfechos desfavoráveis na nossa população de pacientes (log-rank test, FACED p = 0,001 e BSI p = 0,286). A análise da curva ROC demonstrou que ambos os escores foram similares na predição de desfechos desfavoráveis (área sob a curva BSI 0,65; FACED 0,66), mas nenhum deles foi um bom preditor para essa população específica de pacientes. Conclusão: Os pacientes da nossa coorte apresentaram maior comprometimento da função pulmonar e uma taxa de mortalidade mais alta do que o previamente reportado na literatura. A principal causa de óbito foi a exacerbação infecciosa aguda da doença. A idade mais avançada, o VEF1 % do previsto e uma Pemax mais baixa foram os fatores independentemente associados aos desfechos desfavoráveis. Os escores FACED e BSI não foram bons preditores de mortalidade para este grupo de pacientes, contrastando com os dados disponíveis na literatura até o momento, portanto outros estudos incluindo um maior número de pacientes são necessários para validar o uso deles na nossa população. / Background: Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is a chronic suppurative disease characterized by an abnormal and irreversible dilation of one or more bronchi. It is the final pathway of a large number of diseases, although it can be present without an identifiable cause. It leads to impaired lung function, chronic bacterial colonization, recurrent respiratory tract infections, reduced exercise tolerance and poor quality of life, among other things. There are few studies about prognostic factors in these patients. Objectives: The goal of this study is to assess the mortality rates and the factors related to the morbidity and mortality on a cohort of patients with non cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis during a 6 to 8-year follow-up and to test the ability of the Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI) and FACED scores in predicting mortality in our cohort. Materials and methods: This was a prospective cohort analysis of 70 patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis who were originally recruited from May 2008 to August 2010. The original study records provided the necessary data for the determination of the disease severity scores (BSI and FACED) and all the data used for that purpose were collected at baseline. After the calculation of the scores, patients were separated into different groups according to disease severity. We also reviewed the records of all patients to determine the number of hospitalizations for exacerbations after baseline, the long-term outcome for each patient and the cause of the outcome when appropriate. Outcomes were defined as favorable and unfavorable (survivors who underwent lung transplantation and death from all causes) and were determined as of March 1st, 2016. Results: Out of 70 patients, 27 (38.57%) had died and 1 (1.43%) had undergone lung transplantation by the end of the study. Survival analysis demonstrated that the mean time for the occurrence of an unfavorable outcome was 74.67 ± 4.00 months (CI 66.82 – 82.52). The main cause of death among non-survivors was an acute infectious exacerbation of bronchiectasis (60.7% of the deceased). In our cohort, the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analysis identified age (p=0.035; HR 1.04; CI 1.01 – 1.08), FEV1 % of predicted (p=0.045; HR 0.97; CI 0.93 – 0.99) and MEP (p=0.016; HR 0.97; CI 0.94 – 0.99) as independent predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Most patients (44.3%) were classified as having severe disease when BSI was used and 97.2% as having a mild or moderate disease (48.6% each) when FACED was used. Overall the FACED score was better at predicting unfavorable outcomes in our population of patients (log-rank test, FACED p = 0.001 and BSI p = 0.286). AUC from the ROC analysis shows us that both scores are similar in predicting poor outcomes in our cohort (BSI 0.65; FACED 0.66), but they weren't good predictors for this specific population. Conclusion: Patients in our cohort had worst lung function and a higher mortality rate than previously reported and the main cause of death among them was an acute infectious exacerbation of bronchiectasis. Older age, lower FEV1 % of predicted and lower MEP were independently linked to the occurrence of poor outcomes. FACED and BSI scores were not accurate in predicting mortality in our cohort, contradicting the available data at the moment, so other studies including a greater number of subjects are needed to validate their use in our population.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:24:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cardoso_srs_dr_botfca.pdf: 2542117 bytes, checksum: 05184fee4ec69978c01502fbf878687b (MD5) / As formigas cortadeiras são consideradas pragas importantes para diversas plantas cultivadas, o que exige constante controle. No entanto, a mortalidade natural de colônias iniciais de Atta spp é alta, alcançando até 100%, no primeiro ano de fundação. Dentre vários fatores os micro-organismos patógenos são apontados como um dos responsáveis por tal mortalidade. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo: (1) estudar a morfogênese dos ninhos iniciais em função do tempo de fundação essas espécies; (2) avaliar a taxa de mortalidade de rainhas de Atta bisphaerica e Atta sexdens rubropilosa, durante os primeiros meses de fundação; (3) isolamento e caracterização dos fungos entomopatogênicos de ocorrência natural em rainhas; (4) realizar bioensaios para avaliar a patogenicidade desses isolados em operárias de Atta sexdens rubropilosa e (5) formulação e aplicação de iscas à base de isolados de fungos entomopatogênicos, em colônias de Atta sexdens rubropilosa, visando possibilidades de aplicação prática. Para tal, foram coletadas rainhas recém-fecundadas ou provenientes de escavações dos ninhos incipientes marcados no período da revoada. As escavações ocorreram aos 20, 45, 90, 135, 180 e 225 dias de idade do ninho em 2007, e aos 20, 45 e 90 dias em 2008, e aos 60 dias em 2009. Foram obtidos os seguintes resultados: (1) as dimensões da câmara-recém fundada aumentam com o tempo de fundação; (2) altas taxas de mortalidade para A. bisphaerica e A. sexdens rubropilosa; (3) rainhas de Atta spp. podem ser parasitadas por diversos fungos, dentre eles Beauveria bassiana, Isaria lilacinus, Isaria fumosorosea e Aspergillus flavus; (4) todos os isolados são patogênicos e os mais virulentos BBOT11, BBOT12 de B. bassiana e IBOT33 de I. lilacinus; e (5) iscas formuladas com fungos são atrativas, carregadas e incorporadas por operárias de A. sexdens rubropilosa, contudo não causam / The leaf-cutting ants are pests for several important crop plants, which requires constant control. However, the natural mortality of Atta spp colonies is high, reaching 100% in the first year of foundation. Among many factors the pathogenic microorganisms are noted as one of those responsible for such mortality. Thus, this study aimed to: (1) study the morphogenesis of early nests depending on the time of foundation of these species; (2) assess the death rate of the queens of Atta bisphaerica and Atta sexdens rubropilosa during the first months of the foundation, through excavations in newly founded nests; (3) isolation and characterization of entomopathogenic fungi found in queens; (4) perform bioassays to assess the pathogenicity of these isolates in Atta sexdens rubropilosa and (5) formulation and application of baits based on entomopathogenic fungi isolated in colonies of Atta sexdens rubropilosa, seeking opportunities for practical application. To this end, we collected newly fertilized queens or from excavations of incipient nests marked during the time of nuptial flight. The excavations were performed at 20, 45, 90, 135, 180 and 225 days of nest age in 2007, and at 20, 45 and 90 days in 2008. The results were: (1) the dimensions of the incipient chamber increases with time of the foundation; (2) high rates of mortality for Atta bisphaerica and Atta sexdens rubropilosa; (3) queens of Atta spp. can be parasitized by several fungi, including Beauveria bassiana, Isaria lilacinus, Isaria fumosorosea and Aspergillus flavus; (4) all strains are pathogenic and the most virulent BBOT11, BBOT12 of B. bassiana and IBOT33 of I. lilacinus; and (5) baits made with fungi are attractive, loaded and incorporated by workers of A. sexdens rubropilosa, yet not cause mortality of the colony

Environmental entrepreneurs are considered to be important drivers for an environmentally sustainable development. As other entrepreneurs, they face survival challenges while operating their businesses. Due to the increased importance of environmental entrepreneurs in counteracting environmental issues we argue that it is necessary to gain an understanding of their specific challenges of survival. In this thesis, we build theory based on environmental venture cases located in Sweden. We provide an extensive overview of the current literature and contribute by identifying an institutional dimension being of high relevance in this field. Our findings are of particular interest for policy makers, public institutions, environmental entrepreneurs and their advisors. Additionally, we provide further necessary access to this relatively new research field and suggest future research directions.

Os cânceres ou neoplasias malignas vêm assumindo um lugar cada vez mais importante entre as doenças que acometem a população feminina, representando no Brasil e no mundo, importante causa de morte. O câncer de mama é o segundo tipo de câncer mais freqüente no mundo e o primeiro entre as mulheres. Os avanços da medicina, possibilitando tratamentos mais eficientes e técnicas que viabilizam a detecção precoce, têm contribuído para o aumento da sobrevida das mulheres com câncer de mama.Tendo em vista a alta incidência do câncer de mama eo aumento da sobrevida, faz-se cada vez mais necessário compreender a realidade destas mulheres que experienciam o adoecimento e a sobrevivência a ele. Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender a experiência de sobreviver ao câncer de mama a partir de elementos presentes nas histórias de mulheres sobreviventes. O estudo é de natureza qualitativa, realizado com 15 mulheres sobreviventes de câncer de mama, que haviam concluído o tratamento há no mínimo cinco anos. A técnica utilizada para coleta de dados foi a entrevista narrativa e a análise foi feita com base nos estudos de Little et al. (2002) e Frank (2012). Os dados foram organizados em torno de três momentos principais: o início da história - o diagnóstico; o enfrentamento - tratamento; e o desfecho - retomando a vida, buscando compreender o sentido que cada participante atribuía a sua história enquanto uma pessoa que passou pelo tratamento do câncer e sobreviveu. Foi percebido que muitas mulheres tiveram sua identidade mudada após a experiência do adoecimento e a maioria delas conseguiu retomar sua vida a uma condição semelhante à anterior à doença. Assim os resultados revelam a singularidade e diversidade no modo de experienciar o adoecimento e a sobrevivência e as repercussões desta experiência na identidade da mulher. / Cancers or malignant neoplasias have been reported as important diseases among women, representing causes of death not only in Brazil but in the whole world. Breast cancer is the second most frequent type of cancer worldwide and the first among women. Medical advancements have improved the survival rates for women with breast cancer through more efficient treatments and techniques. Considering the high incidence of breast cancer and the increase of survival rates, the understanding of these women\'s realities - being sick and recovering from it - has become extremely important. The objective of this study was to understand the experiences of surviving breast cancer from elements present in the stories of women survivors. The study is qualitative - 15 surviving breast cancer women were studied and their treatments had been finished 5 years earlier at least. The technique used to collect data was through interviews and the analysis was done based in the studies of Little et al. (2002) and Frank (2012). The data was organised considering 3 main moments: the beginning of the disease (medical diagnosis); the confrontation (treatment); and the end (regaining life). The main objective was to understand the meaning each woman gave to her experience after having survived. Many women have had their identities changed after the disease and most of them have managed to regain their lives. Thus, the results show the singularity and the diversity in experiencing getting sick and surviving and the effects of these experiences in women\'s identities.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:20:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zuque_mas_me_botfm.pdf: 1111853 bytes, checksum: 787bea6ac9df2348f479d351db534ce2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Quase três décadas após o primeiro diagnóstico no Brasil, a aids demonstra tendência contínua de interiorização, com aumento da incidência em pequenos municípios. A implantação de Serviços de Atendimento Especializado (SAE´s) foi marco importante para o sucesso das ações programáticas em cidades de pequeno porte. Curiosamente, a maior parte dos estudos epidemiológicos e de avaliação dos serviços tem sido realizada em grandes centros urbanos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar o atendimento multiprofissional a pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS (PVHA) realizado no SAE de Três Lagoas (MS), uma cidade de aproximadamente 100.000 habitantes. A autora estava especialmente interessada em aspectos relacionados à adesão à Terapia Antirretroviral Potente e Combinada (TARV), condição essencial para redução de morbidade e mortalidade de PVHA. Dois estudos foram realizados. No primeiro (Estudo No.1), foram analisados prontuários e fichas de notificação de 356 pacientes admitidos entre 1984 e 2005, para avaliar características demográficas. Os dados foram analisados para dois períodos: 1984-1995, fase em que a TARV não era utilizada na prática clínica (pré-TARV); e 1996 e depois (pós-TARV), quando a introdução de novos medicamentos permitiu a utilização da TARV no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Realizou-se também análise de sobrevida, para avaliar o impacto da disponibilização da TARV e de outros fatores sobre o prognóstico dos pacientes. O Estudo No.2 teve delineamento quali-quantitativo, e baseou-se em entrevistas com 55 pacientes e sete profissionais da saúde de diversas categorias. Os resultados do Estudo No.1 demonstraram que dois terços dos pacientes foram admitidos no período pós-TARV. Nessa fase, aumentaram os casos no sexo feminino (22,0% para 36,2%, p=0,02) e em pessoas com escolaridade inferior a ensino fundamental completo... / Nearly three decades after the first diagnosis in Brazil, AIDS demonstrates the continuing trend of internalization, with increasing incidence in small towns. Deployment of Specialized Care Services (SCS) was important to the success of Brazilian aids program in small cities. Interestingly, most epidemiological studies and evaluation of services have been conducted in large urban centers. This study aimed to characterize the multidisciplinary care for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) held at SCS in Três Lagoas (State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil), a city of about 100,000 inhabitants. The author was especially interested in aspects related to adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), an essential condition for reducing morbidity and mortality among PLWHA. Two studies were conducted. In the first study (Study #1), the author analyzed medical records and notification forms for 356 patients admitted between 1984 and 2005 in order to assess demographic characteristics. Data were analyzed for two periods: 1984-1995, a phase in which HAART was not used in clinical practice (pre-HAART) and 1996 and later (post-HAART), when the introduction of new drugs has allowed the use of HAART in the Brazilian Public Health System. Survival analysis was applied to assess the impact of the availability of HAART and other factors on the prognosis of patients. Study #2 had a qualitative and quantitative design. The author interviewed 55 patients and seven health professionals from various categories. The results of Study #1 showed that two thirds of patients were admitted in the post-HAART period. At this stage, cases increased in females (22.0% to 36.2%, p=0.02) and among people with less than eight years of schooling (61.3% to 72.3%, p<0.001 ). The mortality risk was lower for patients admitted in the post-HAART (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 0.31, 95% Confidence Interval[CI] = 0.22 to 0.45,... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Márcia Justino Rossini Mutton / Resumo: Cachaça is the second most widely consumed alcoholic beverage in Brazil, obtained by distillation of sugarcane wine, having its quality affected by the raw material, fermentation conditions and productive process. With the growing demand of the consumer market for quality cachaça, the search for the improvement in relation to the progress of the technical-scientific knowledge has been intensified. The physical chemical treatment of the juice is a technology that qualifies the beverage. This study aimed is to evaluate the performance of two types of yeast (selected CA-11 and the pressed) and the influence of the physical-chemical treatment of sugarcane juice on the secondary compounds and the interference of the same in the quality of the beverage. The experiment was carried out in 2014/2015, using a variety of SP83-2847 cane grown in Pitangueiras-SP region. The trial design was done in blocks with 9 repetitions, 3 cycles with 3 repetitions, where the primary treatment was the clarified juice and not clarified and secondary the two types of yeast. It has assessed the viability of the cells and shoots and the index of budding along the fermentation. In the wine was determined the total acidity, pH, ARRT, alcoholic content, glycerol, efficiency fermentative and mineral composition. In distillates was analyzed total aldehydes, volatile acidity, total esters, methanol, acrolein, ethyl carbamate, furfuraldehyde and hydroxymethylfurfural, higher alcohols, alcohol sec. butyl and n-bu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: A cachaça é a segunda bebida alcoólica mais consumida no Brasil, obtida pela destilação do vinho de cana-de-açúcar, tendo sua qualidade afetada pela matéria-prima, condições da fermentação e processo produtivo. Com a crescente exigência do mercado consumidor por cachaça de qualidade, intensificou-se a busca pelo aprimoramento em relação ao avanço do conhecimento técnico-científico. O tratamento físico químico do caldo é uma tecnologia que pode qualificar a bebida. Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de dois tipos de fermento (selecionado CA-11 e o prensado) e a influência do tratamento físico-químico do caldo de cana sobre os compostos secundários e a interferência dos mesmos na qualidade da bebida. O experimento foi realizado na safra 2014/2015, utilizando a variedade de cana SP83- 2847 cultivada na região de Pitangueiras-SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi feito em blocos com 9 repetições, sendo 3 ciclos com 3 repetições, onde o tratamento primário foi o caldo clarificado e não clarificado e o secundário os dois tipos de fermento. Avaliou-se a viabilidade das células e de brotos e o índice de brotamentos ao longo da fermentação. No vinho determinou-se acidez total, pH, ARRT, teor alcoólico, glicerol, eficiência fermentativa e composição mineral. Nos destilados foram analisados aldeídos totais, acidez volátil, ésteres totais, metanol, acroleína, carbamato de etila, furfural e hidroximetilfurfural, álcoois superiores, álcool sec. butílico e n-butanol, todos determinad... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre