Orientador: Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira Bergamasco / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T23:10:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pettan_KleberBatista_D.pdf: 4916137 bytes, checksum: c7a9649e984eb2fa505da30bc068608c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Com a implementação da nova Política Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (PNATER) a partir de 2004, a temática assistência técnica e extensão rural (Ater) surgiu revigorada e fortalecida no âmbito das políticas públicas para a agricultura familiar brasileira. Os textos de apoio à política recorrem à estratégia didática de contraposição desta com as orientações dominantes no período anterior (a "Extensão Rural Agroecológica" versus "Extensão Rural Convencional") ressaltando-se a magnitude da mudança preconizada nas orientações da configuração institucional e da ação extensionista. Embora os novos perfis das entidades de ATER e dos extensionistas estejam configurados com relativa clareza do ponto de vista teórico e durante os sete primeiros anos de sua implementação (2003 a 2009) foram realizadas ações com vistas a promover tais mudanças, registram-se dificuldades para a concretização das mesmas em favor de uma prática mais participativa, mais inclusiva socialmente, mais agroecológica e dirigida à agricultura familiar. Esta situação tem causado preocupações e a discussão de suas causas tem despertado interesse acadêmico e político. Diante deste cenário, o presente trabalho parte do suposto que existe no país uma grande diversidade de ação extensionista e de entidades de ATER. Neste contexto, importa identificar em que medida estão ocorrendo tais mudanças a partir do momento que começam a implementar a PNATER. Nesta perspectiva, a pesquisa objetivou conhecer os perfis dos extensionistas e das entidades cadastradas no Sistema Brasileiro de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Sibrater) responsáveis pela implementação da política em todo o território nacional de modo a construir uma tipologia que permitisse situá-los em relação ao alinhamento ou não à PNATER. Depois da aplicação - via web - de um questionário em âmbito nacional, os dados foram analisados por meio de ferramentas e técnicas da Estatística Descritiva e da Análise Estatística de Dados Multivariados. Desta forma foram identificados três Grupos Comportamentais de Extensionistas: fortemente alinhados, moderadamente alinhados e levemente alinhados. Não foi identificado nenhum grupo formado por extensionistas não alinhados com a política. Quanto às entidades de Ater foram identificados três tipos de comportamentos em relação às suas capacidades organizacional e institucional para implementar a atual política nacional: um grupo Moderadamente Alinhado, outro Alinhado e o terceiro Não Alinhado. Se unidos os dois primeiros grupos, verifica-se que 79,7% dos extensionistas trabalham em organizações alinhadas com a Pnater e que somente 20,3% atuam em organizações Não Alinhadas. Embora muitos autores tenham apontado dificuldades na implementação da política analisada, os resultados desta pesquisa demonstram que tanto os extensionista quanto as organizações de Ater estão se ajustando às novas proposições demonstrando avanços na sua implementação / Abstract: With the implementation of the new National Policy on Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (NAPTARE) as from 2004, the area of technical assistance and rural extension (TARE) emerged invigorated and strengthened within the framework of public policies for family farming in Brazil. The supporting literature to the policy uses the didactic strategy of opposing their guidelines to those of the previous period (the "Agroecological Rural Extension versus Conventional Rural Extension") highlighting the magnitude of change advocated in the guidelines of the institutional setting and of the extensionist action. This has caused some concern and the discussion of their causes have attracted scholarly and political interest. Given this scenario, this work assumes to exist in the country a great diversity of extensionist action and TARE entities. In this context it is important to identify to what extent such changes are occurring from the moment NAPTARE begins to be implemented. In this perspective, the research aimed to identify the profiles of extensionists and organizations responsible for policy implementation throughout the national territory registered in the Brazilian System of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (Sibrater) in order to create a typology for situating them in relation to alignment or not with NAPTARE. After the application - via web - of a nationwide survey, data were analyzed using tools and techniques of Descriptive Statistics and Statistical Analysis of Multivariate Data. Three Groups of Extensionist Behavior were identified: strongly, moderately and lightly alined. There was no group of extensionists not aligned with the policy. With regard to TARE organizations, three types of behavior in relation to their organizational and institutional capacities to implement the current national policy were identified: moderately aligned, aligned, and another third group non-Aligned. If the first two groups are put together, it is verified that 79.7% of the extensionists work in organizations aligned with the TARE and only 20.3% work in organizations not aligned. Although many authors have pointed to difficulties in implementing the analyzed policy, the results of this study demonstrate that both the extension workers and TARE organizations are adjusting to the new propositions showing progress in its implementation / Doutorado / Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:44:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviane Riedner.pdf: 1394413 bytes, checksum: b560a46747eb1a1cd95d48b04147d81d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-23 / This descriptive-qualitative study of case is presented as a research of bibliographical and field nature. As such, it attempted at correlating the thematic of the Spanish Teachers Training and the Education for Brazilian Schools in the country area, called Country Schools, under the perspective of the Rural Sustainable Development. The main aim of the present study was to offer an articulation of these thematic, seeking to motivate the construction of a meaningful and interdisciplinary Spanish Teaching and Learning Process. The inquiring was carried out in the Maralúcia Country State School, in Maralúcia district of Medianeira City, Paraná State. The locus of the study was the Center of Foreign Languages Teaching (CELEM). The analytic corpus was formed mainly by a questionnaire applied to the participants: a teacher and her students from the Spanish Language Course in CELEM. The data were analyzed by the content analysis technique Bardin (2011), and revealed the following aspect: although the teacher recognizes a lack in her academic training for teaching in the Country School level, and hence she considered herself not being prepared to teach the contents of the Environment Education, most of the investigated students showed having some knowledge about the issues of the environment protection and rural sustainable development. All of these students identified the local biodiversity problems, and indicated possible strategies to solve them in order to ensure the sustainable life in the investigated area. The study also indicated that such knowledge comes from the Maralúcia engagement in projects that have been developed by the school and the local community. In respect to the theoretical and methodological reflections it was identified some differences and contradictions about the public politics for the teachers training and for the sustainable development in the rural area. The final results of the research pointed such important aspects: the relevance of empowering the Spanish Teachers Training for the needs of the Education in the Country Schools; the call for politics of Environmental Education; the needs of reinforcing the construction of interdisciplinary projects for contemplating the issues of the Rural Sustainable Development; and also the significance of recognizing the local community support in order to propitiate this integrated practice / O presente estudo de caso, de natureza e cunho descritivo e qualitativo, subsidiado por pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, propôs-se a correlacionar os temas da Formação de Professores de Espanhol e da Educação na Escola do Campo sob a perspectiva do Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável. Seu objetivo geral foi o de propor uma articulação entre estas temáticas para propiciar a construção de uma prática de ensino e aprendizagem de Espanhol como Língua Estrangeira Moderna LEM interdisciplinar e significativa para os sujeitos campesinos. A investigação foi realizada no Colégio Estadual do Campo Maralúcia, distrito de Maralúcia, município de Medianeira, Estado do Paraná, delimitando como lócus do estudo o Centro de Ensino de Língua Estrangeira Moderna, CELEM. O corpus analítico formou-se a partir das respostas dos questionários aplicados aos sujeitos da pesquisa: um docente e seus alunos do curso de Espanhol. O tratamento dos dados e informações coletadas ocorreu pela aplicação da técnica de análise de conteúdo com base na teorização de Bardin (2011). Os dados obtidos evidenciaram as seguintes características: embora a professora reconheça como deficitária sua formação acadêmica para atuação na Educação do Campo, e se percebe despreparada para contemplar no CELEM, Espanhol, temas relativos à Educação Ambiental, a maioria dos estudantes revela conhecimentos sobre os significados de proteção ambiental e desenvolvimento rural sustentável. Todos identificaram o problema que ameaça a biodiversidade e indicaram possíveis estratégias para solucioná-lo a fim de garantir a sustentabilidade da vida no espaço geográfico investigado. Constatou-se que tais conhecimentos revelados provêm das práticas educativas da instituição de ensino, assim como pela participação dos estudantes em projetos desenvolvidos na e pela comunidade Maralucense. O presente estudo de caso, de natureza e cunho descritivo e qualitativo, subsidiado por pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, propôs-se a correlacionar os temas da Formação de Professores de Espanhol e da Educação na Escola do Campo sob a perspectiva do Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável. Seu objetivo geral foi o de propor uma articulação entre estas temáticas para propiciar a construção de uma prática de ensino e aprendizagem de Espanhol como Língua Estrangeira Moderna LEM interdisciplinar e significativa para os sujeitos campesinos. A investigação foi realizada no Colégio Estadual do Campo Maralúcia, distrito de Maralúcia, município de Medianeira, Estado do Paraná, delimitando como lócus do estudo o Centro de Ensino de Língua Estrangeira Moderna, CELEM. O corpus analítico formou-se a partir das respostas dos questionários aplicados aos sujeitos da pesquisa: um docente e seus alunos do curso de Espanhol. O tratamento dos dados e informações coletadas ocorreu pela aplicação da técnica de análise de conteúdo com base na teorização de Bardin (2011). Os dados obtidos evidenciaram as seguintes características: embora a professora reconheça como deficitária sua formação acadêmica para atuação na Educação do Campo, e se percebe despreparada para contemplar no CELEM, Espanhol, temas relativos à Educação Ambiental, a maioria dos estudantes revela conhecimentos sobre os significados de proteção ambiental e desenvolvimento rural sustentável. Todos identificaram o problema que ameaça a biodiversidade e indicaram possíveis estratégias para solucioná-lo a fim de garantir a sustentabilidade da vida no espaço geográfico investigado. Constatou-se que tais conhecimentos revelados provêm das práticas educativas da instituição de ensino, assim como pela participação dos estudantes em projetos desenvolvidos na e pela comunidade Maralucense. Nas reflexões teórico-metodológicas identificaram-se diferenças e contradições nas políticas públicas de formação de professores e nas políticas de desenvolvimento sustentável, especialmente, aquelas que se voltam para o meio rural. Os resultados finais da pesquisa apontaram para importantes aspectos, tais como: a relevância da construção de um processo de formação inicial e continuada dos professores de Espanhol que atenda às especificidades da Educação do Campo; a necessidade urgente de políticas efetivas para a Educação Ambiental; a importância do fortalecimento da construção de projetos interdisciplinares que contemplem o Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável; e também a significação do reconhecimento da participação da comunidade local para possibilitar essa prática integrada

Thesis (Ph.D. (Agricultural Economics )) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Regardless of the strategies adopted globally and nationwide to fight food insecurity within communities, particularly in the rural context, poverty becomes a major constituent which translates to most rural households experiencing food insecurity shocks. Given the high unemployment rate in South Africa which triggers several household’s vulnerability to food insecurity, the country has diverse natural resources which include indigenous plants such as Indigenous Leafy Vegetables (ILVs), which can be used as food and for business purposes by its residents. Irrespective of the diversity of ILVs in South Africa, there is a significant decline in the production and consumption of ILVs particularly in rural areas where these vegetables are mostly available. In addition, production and consumption of ILVs may not only address food insecurity but these vegetables may benefit households through the income obtained from their sales. The income generated from sales of ILVs may therefore assist towards improving and sustaining rural livelihood needs. Given this background information, the study aimed at assessing ILV production for income generation and food security among rural households in the Eastern Cape Province (ECP) of South Africa. The study was conducted within the three district municipalities of the ECP which were selected because statistics report these districts to be the most affected areas by poverty within the province. These districts are OR Tambo District Municipality (ORTDM), Alfred Nzo District Municipality (ANDM) and Joe Gqabi District Municipality (JGDM). Multistage and proportional random sampling procedures were employed to select households which could participate in the study. Thus, 407 households within these three (3) districts municipalities were used for the purposes of the study. The study also included interviewing role players within the ILV production value chain, thus a snowball sampling procedure was used to select role players. Sixteen hawkers and three input suppliers were interviewed from the three district municipalities. In addition, from the 407 households that were interviewed, 260 households from the three district municipalities reported to be producers of ILVs. A structured questionnaire was therefore used to collect pertaining data allied in achieving the aim of the study. The collected data was captured using Excel 2016, after data cleaning, it was then exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 for analysis. Numerous analytical models were used from SPSS 25. For instance, to identify and describe socio-economic characteristics of households, to assess the most produced ILVs from the study areas and to identify role players within the ILV production value chain, descriptive statistics in a form of means, percentages, frequencies, and standard deviation was used. To determine factors which influence production of ILVs, a Binary Logistic Regression Model was used. A Multinomial Logistic Regression model was used to determine factors which influence different uses of ILVs by households and to determine factors influencing food security status among households. A gross margin analysis was used to estimate viability from each ILV produced, harvested and sold, while Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) was used to measure food security status among households. Lastly, a correlation matrix was also used to determine the relationship between the role players and their functions among the ILV production value chain. Based on the results, the study therefore concluded that, from the three district municipalities used in the study, there are various ILVs growing naturally and produced. The production of ILVs from these municipalities is habituated by socio economic characteristics of households, wherein households use ILVs for various purposes which include these vegetables as source of food, medicine and livestock feed. The use of ILVs among households is influenced by socio-economic characteristics and seasonal availability of ILVs in ORTDM, while in ANDM and JGDM, the use of ILVs by households is conditioned by socio-economic characteristics of households, knowledge/ awareness related to nutrition and health benefits of ILVs and seasonal production of ILVs. Furthermore, this research concludes that, ILVs have a potential of diversifying diets and addressing food insecurity problems within rural parts of the three districts. Given the positive gross margins from the three districts, production and selling of ILVs has a potential to contribute to rural household income. Lastly, the study concludes that, the ILV production value chain system lacks governmental support in the form of institutional engagement since there is no evidence of extension officer support from these three district municipalities concerning ILVs production. To this end, the study recommends that, policy makers should further establish inclusion of ILVs in both farming and food systems. Also, government and related institutions which focus on sustainable rural development must intervene in promoting production of ILVs particularly within rural contexts since production of these vegetables may alleviate poverty through job creation, addressing food insecurity and income generation. Thus, a successful intervention of government and policy makers in ILV production would have a potential of translating to sustainable rural livelihoods / National Research Foundation (NRF)

In the discourse of crime and place, the focus has rarely fallen on rural crime. While experiencing comparably lower crime levels than urban counterparts, the common association with rural areas as being symbols of peace and friendly social interaction is not necessarily accurate. One group that often are thought of as inherently rural is farmers, who’s workplaces may possess certain unique vulnerabilities to crime compared to other locations. This thesis aims to obtain a better understanding of the threats against farmers related to animal production in a Swedish context, adding to the knowledge base regarding rural crime and sustainable development of rural and urban areas. The objectives of the study are: • to investigate the nature of the victimization of farmers devoted to animal production in Sweden, especially related the situational conditions of farms and rural areas. • to explore new data that could be used to approximate the scale of the threats against farmers using data from media archives from 2009 to 2019. This study reports types, frequency, and location of crimes against animal production with a focus on mink, rabbit and pig farms. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is used to report the geography of these offences at municipal level. The theories of the routine activity approach and situational crime prevention are used to try to explain certain conditions that may facilitate crime on farms, while the offenders are explored using the theory on techniques of neutralization. The findings of the study show that the experience of the chosen actor’s varied greatly, but with crimes such as trespassing, vandalism and theft being common types of offenses across the board. The locations of the crime events were focused in the southern to mid of Sweden. Situational conditions that may have facilitated crime includes: the large size of farms and low population density providing low detection of crime, high value targets, and relatively high accessibility to the farms. From the data, mainly three techniques of neutralization were observed to be utilized: denial of the victim, denial of injury and appeal to higher loyalties. Multiple techniques were observed to be utilized together, while simultaneously exploiting situational conditions to facilitate the neutralization.

Objetivo: Sistematizar las experiencias sobre desarrollo rural sostenible en los caseríos del distrito de Íllimo y de Jayanca, y discutir su aporte para la enfermería comunitaria. Método: El estudio cualitativo utilizó como método la sistematización de experiencias, los datos se recolectaron entre agosto y noviembre 2020 a través de la narrativa, y entrevista semiestructurada a 09 beneficiarios y 07 miembros del equipo que ejecutó los proyectos de desarrollo del 2000 al 2014. Se procesaron los datos con el análisis de contenido temático y se aplicaron los criterios éticos y de rigor científico. Resultados: a) Programa vivienda rural saludable en zonas del bosque seco, b) Trabajo comunitario en manejo forestal del bosque seco para el desarrollo rural sostenible y mitigación del cambio climático, c) Actividades productivas sostenibles en el manejo del bosque seco, d) Participación de la enfermera en la sostenibilidad de los proyectos de desarrollo rural en el bosque seco. Conclusión: Los proyectos de desarrollo rural sostenible ayudaron a detener la desertificación y extrema pobreza. En este contexto se involucró la enfermera generando una experiencia que integra la salud, el ambiente y las actividades productivas que hasta la actualidad perduran; destacando el papel de la metodología participativa, el trabajo interdisciplinario y promotores. Proponiéndose el esquema conceptual de enfermería ambiental comunitaria con visión para el desarrollo rural sostenible- EACO. / Objective: To systematize the experiences on sustainable rural development in the villages of the Íllimo and Jayanca districts, and discuss their contribution to community nursing. Method: The qualitative study used the systematization of experiences as a method, the data was collected between August and November 2020 through narrative, and a semi-structured interview with 09 beneficiaries and 07 members of the team that executed the development projects from 2000 to 2014. Data were processed with thematic content analysis and ethical criteria and scientific rigor were applied. Results: a) Healthy rural housing program in dry forest areas, b) Community work in dry forest forest management for sustainable rural development and climate change mitigation, c) Sustainable productive activities in dry forest management, d) Participation of the nurse in the sustainability of rural development projects in the dry forest. Conclusion: Sustainable rural development projects helped stop desertification and extreme poverty. In this context, the nurse was involved, generating an experience that integrates health, the environment, and productive activities that continue to this day; highlighting the role of participatory methodology, interdisciplinary work and promoters. Proposing the conceptual scheme of community environmental nursing with a vision for sustainable rural development - EACO.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:45:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Orlandina Ferreira Machado.pdf: 11092579 bytes, checksum: 9fc0e83869175d6a3f1605c930861191 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-28 / The present dissertation analyzed the influence of familiar agriculture in its social and economic aspects in the city of São Luis de Montes Belos (SLMB). The studies in this work seek to comprehend the ways that technologies are used, the view of sustainability, the farmer social engagement and, the investment of public resources in agriculture through the PRONAF. The central question turned to the survey of data that shows whether the familiar farmer is concerned with sustainability in its own production system. The generals objectives were identify the reflections about various concepts of familiar agriculture presents by some authors like Caume (1997), Porto e Siqueira (1994), Lamarche (1993), Pietrafesa (2002), which work this category of farmers and, how this social actor become part of dairy production, looking for, or not, sustainable models of develop its familiar system. And, observe the differences between the sustainability and the sustainable development, presents by some authors like Pires (1998) e Santos (2004). Nevertheless, sought comprehend how it is organized the production system in São Luis de Montes Belos. The methodology used was based in two procedures. The first procedure was to review the specialized literature, to create theoretic support to this dissertation. The second was the achievement of field work, with the application of questionnaires to the local familiar famers, which enable the analyses of the data and the obtaining of information about the vision of this sector concern the questions pertinent to the use of technologies, dairy production and sustainability. / Na presente dissertação, analisou-se a influência da agricultura familiar em seus aspectos sociais e econômicos no município de São Luís de Montes Belos-Goiás. Os estudos apresentados neste trabalho buscaram compreender as formas de uso de tecnologias, visão de sustentabilidade, engajamento social do agricultor e a aplicação de recursos públicos na agricultura, por meio do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar - PRONAF. O estudo voltou-se para o levantamento de dados que dessem conta de demonstrar se o agricultor familiar está preocupado com a sustentabilidade de seu sistema de produção. Os objetivos gerais foram: identificar as reflexões sobre os diversos conceitos de agricultura familiar apresentados por alguns autores, tais como Caume (1997), Porto e Siqueira (1994), Lamarche (1993), Pietrafesa (2002), que trabalham essa categoria e como o agricultor inseriu-se na produção leiteira, buscando, ou não, modelos sustentáveis de desenvolver seu sistema familiar. Ainda, captar as diferenças entre sustentabilidade e desenvolvimento sustentável, apresentadas por diversos autores, tais como Pires (1998) e Santos (2004). Objetivou-se, ainda, compreender como se organiza o sistema de produção em São Luís de Montes Belos. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se em dois procedimentos. O primeiro foi o levantamento bibliográfico para o suporte teórico. O segundo foi a realização de pesquisa de campo com aplicação de questionários aos agricultores familiares do município e análise dos dados. Com a análise foi possível a obtenção de informações sobre a visão desse setor sobre questões pertinentes ao uso de tecnologia, produção leiteira e sustentabilidade.

<p>Beginning with the theoretical survey of social, economic, ecological and institutional<br />relevancy of rural development, the work explores vital potentials, priorities and<br />challenges of rural development, together with basic reasons for contrivance of the<br />model of rural development in the Republic of Serbia and the countries of the Western<br />Balkans in the conditions of Euro integrations. After the insight into the related<br />literature, the necessity of solving problems of rural development as integrated and<br />compatible with specificity of particular region in contemporary conditions is<br />emphasized, since no generally accepted universal model of sustainable rural<br />development exists, but depends on rural developmental potentials and social and<br />economic surroundings. Although the policy of sustainable rural development of<br />European Union is not perfect per se, it still provides the best and strongest support to<br />social and territorial cohesion of rural regions and is significant primarily as a reference<br />base for the outline of further strategy and policy of rural development of the Republic<br />of Serbia and the countries of the Western Balkans from the viewpoint of their more<br />effective endogenic development and EU integration. The countries of the Western<br />Balkans have suitable preconditions for successful application of the concept of integral<br />rural development; however, there are numerous limitations in the development of these<br />regions in the process of European integrations. These countries are faced with<br />significant structural changes in the economic, organizational and management<br />structure in terms of new EU rural policy. Therefore, all countries conduct reforms<br />aimed at harmonization and strengthening connections with major priorities of EU rural<br />development; hence a suitable model of rural development is still being shaped in<br />practice. The ultimate effect of these changes is related to strengthening of local<br />entrepreneuring and organizational activities and initiatives, the network of local<br />organizations of civic society and local action groups in the function of improvement of<br />competitive abilities of rural economy. Defining clear and realizable strategic aims and<br />priorities, as well as their implementation will be of decisive importance for<br />contrivance of the model of rural development in the Republic of Serbia and other<br />countries of the Western Balkans in the future. Significant unsolved issued were<br />identified together with the courses of regulatory reforms of development of rural<br />regions in these countries.<br />Intersectoral and interregional connection, decentralization and strengthening the role<br />of local factors in the creation and realization of strategies in policy, model and practice<br />of rural development have a strong effect on more efficient activation of localresources, increase of attractiveness for investment in rural regions and more rational</p><p>utilization of finance for the development of rural communities. Demographic<br />revitalization of rural regions, promotion of rural economy and entrepreneurial<br />stimulation of the programs of development of small and medium enterprises, as well as<br />environmental protection and facilitation are of vital significance</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-12T11:55:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AfranioCA_TESE.pdf: 5802290 bytes, checksum: fd6a3b6955fd8eca343b02a54254a104 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / The exceeded use of the natural resources required by the modern agriculture has been caused soil impoverishment, soil salinization and soil compaction. The unreasonable use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides causes chemical imbalances in the plant tissues, nutritional losses, taste chances and human health problems. The monocrops are more vulnerable to the pest and disease attacks. The aim of this work were to indicate the better relative planting time of the cowpea bean for the sesame/cowpea bean intercropping based on the evaluation of agronomic, economic, ecological and physiological parameters and to evaluate the viability of the cow urine and cassava wastewater use as alternative fertilizers on the sesame cultivation. In a field essay, when the sesame/cowpea bean was evaluate, the mainly treatments were the single planting of the two cultures and the multiple cropping, with the cowpea bean being planted on the same time, 7, 14 and 21 days after the sesame. The mainly treatments of the second essay were the combined doses of the cow urine (0 and 50 ml) and cassava wastewater (0, 500 and 1000 mL). In the intercrop evaluation significant differences were found between the treatments for the most of the parameters. It was verified that as the sowing of the cowpea bean was retarded in relation to the sesame sowing, the sesame performance increased when the cowpea bean performance decreased. The treatment 7 days balanced the competition relations that occurred between the two crops in the intercrop. The sesame presented little pronounced responses to the different doses of cassava wastewater. The cow urine affected the sesame growth and the growth rates increased with the increasing of the application of the product. The responses of the sesame growth to the cow urine application must be related both the nutritional richness of the product and the presence of growth stimulating substances. The obtained results indicated that in the sesame/cowpea bean intercropping, when the sesame is planted 7 days after the sesame, there is a higher possibility of the net gains to the farmer. Cow urine and cassava wastewater may be used as additional organic fertilizers / A explora??o exacerbada dos recursos demandados pela Agricultura Moderna vem provocando empobrecimento, saliniza??o e compacta??o dos solos. O uso irracional de fertilizantes qu?micos e agrot?xicos tem causado desequil?brio qu?mico nos tecidos vegetais, perdas nutricionais, altera??es no sabor e problemas na sa?de humana. As monoculturas est?o mais sujeitas ao ataque de pragas e doen?as, sendo altamente dependentes de agrot?xicos. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho: (1) indicar a(s) ?poca(s) relativa(s) mais apropriada(s) de plantio do feij?o caupi no cons?rcio com o gergelim a partir da avalia??o de aspectos agron?micos, econ?micos, ecol?gicos e fisiol?gicos e (2) avaliar a viabilidade da utiliza??o de urina de vaca e manipueira como fertilizantes alternativos no cultivo do gergelim. No ensaio de campo, quando o cons?rcio gergelim/feij?o caupi foi avaliado, os tratamentos principais foram os monocultivos das duas culturas e os cultivos consorciados, sendo a Fabacea plantada no mesmo tempo, 7, 14 e 21 dias ap?s a Pedaliaceae. No experimento em vasos, os tratamentos principais constaram de doses combinadas de urina de vaca (0 e 50 mL) e manipueira (0, 500 e 1000 mL). Na avalia??o do cons?rcio, foram verificadas diferen?as significativas entre os tratamentos para a maior parte das vari?veis. Percebeu-se que na medida em que se atrasava a semeadura do feij?o caupi em rela??o ao plantio do gergelim, obtinham-se respostas proporcionalmente mais positivas para a Pedaliaceae, o contr?rio ocorrendo para o feij?o. Destacou-se o tratamento 7 dias como o ponto de equil?brio considerando as rela??es competitivas estabelecidas entre as duas culturas no cons?rcio. O gergelim apresentou respostas pouco pronunciadas ?s diferentes doses isoladas de manipueira. A urina de vaca exerceu efeito sobre o crescimento vegetativo do gergelim, o que se refletiu no aumento das taxas de crescimento em resposta ? aplica??o do produto. As respostas do crescimento do gergelim ? aplica??o da urina de vaca devem estar relacionadas tanto ? riqueza nutricional do produto quanto ? presen?a de subst?ncias estimuladoras do crescimento. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que, no cons?rcio gergelim/feij?o caupi, quando a Fabacea ? plantada 7 dias ap?s o gergelim, h? maior possibilidade de ganhos l?quidos para o produtor e que urina de vaca e manipueira podem ser utilizados como complementos na aduba??o do gergelim

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-12-23T13:36:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Brasiliana Elisete Reis de Oliveira - 2014 (1).pdf: 19286666 bytes, checksum: 391387ca818b422638b98fb435b9b32b (MD5) Tese - Brasiliana Elisete Reis de Oliveira - 2014 (2).pdf: 18302057 bytes, checksum: 2068c9d38a9af4f7f2609a9288f3f33e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-26T13:08:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Brasiliana Elisete Reis de Oliveira - 2014 (1).pdf: 19286666 bytes, checksum: 391387ca818b422638b98fb435b9b32b (MD5) Tese - Brasiliana Elisete Reis de Oliveira - 2014 (2).pdf: 18302057 bytes, checksum: 2068c9d38a9af4f7f2609a9288f3f33e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-26T13:08:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Brasiliana Elisete Reis de Oliveira - 2014 (1).pdf: 19286666 bytes, checksum: 391387ca818b422638b98fb435b9b32b (MD5) Tese - Brasiliana Elisete Reis de Oliveira - 2014 (2).pdf: 18302057 bytes, checksum: 2068c9d38a9af4f7f2609a9288f3f33e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-06 / This work presents the results of a study on the potential for rural development and the livelihoods of family farmers in Tombos and Araponga cities, both located in the Forest Zone of Minas Gerais – Brazil. For that, two synthetic indicators were used: Rural Development Index - IDR and Living Conditions Index - ICV. These indicators are based on the works of Kageyama (2004 and 2008), Rambo et al. (2012) and Sepúlveda (2008). To calculate the IDR were collected secondary data from the Population Censuses (2000 and 2010), Census of Agriculture (2006) from the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics – IBGE, Rural Development Planes and others studies concerned to both cities mentioned. And to determine the ICV were collected primary data applying questionnaires to the family farmers and interviews were done with institutions´ agents and public agencies. This study promotes a discussion about rural development in the course of time showing the new rurality that has been debated by many researchers, government agencies and rural class´ representatives. The essential of this debate is to understand the reality of rural population and construct collectively programs and public policies that provide subsidies for the promotion of rural development in the economic, social and environmental dimensions. Throughout the text, the reader can follow the dynamics of sustainable rural development through the IDR and meet, by the results of the ICV, the perception of farmers about their real living conditions. The results obtained by IDR pointed a timid evolution in development in both surveyed cities. The overall IDR for Tombos was 0.42 and 0.39 for Araponga, ranked respectively in Low and Middle Low. Except the sub-indicator of environment others had results classified into Medium Low, indicating a low potential for rural development. The presence of supporting and fostering rural development institutions is recognized in both municipalities as important instruments for the process of development in accordance with their legal representatives. However, at the perception of family farmers the performance of the same is short in their demands. This latter group believes that institutions must have their plans redesigned, including a greater involvement of stakeholders in building policies and programs for rural development. Regarding their living conditions, family farmers were satisfied, specially with respect to housing, food, health and cultivable area. Now the related variables the participation in social, political and institutional groups the indices found are ranked in Middle Low and Low, indicating the difficulty in forming social capital and in building networks, which would strengthen the family farmers and would contribute to the sustainable rural development. / Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre o potencial de desenvolvimento rural e as condições de vida dos agricultores familiares dos municípios de Tombos e Araponga, ambos localizados na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. Para tanto foram utilizados dois indicadores sintéticos: o Índice de Desenvolvimento Rural – IDR e o Índice de Condições de Vida – ICV. A base teórica dos referidos índices foram extraídos de Kageyama (2004 e 2008), Rambo et. al. (2012) e Sepúlveda (2008). Para o cálculo do IDR foram utilizados dados secundários coletados dos Censos Demográficos (2000 e 2010), Censo Agropecuário (2006) do IBGE, no DATASUS, nos Planos de Desenvolvimento Rural e em dissertações e teses dos dois municípios. Já para a apuração do ICV foram coletados dados primários por meio da aplicação de questionários aos agricultores familiares e entrevistas semi-estruturadas aos representantes de instituições e órgãos públicos dos municípios. O trabalho apresenta uma base teórica que discute o desenvolvimento rural ao longo dos tempos evidenciando a nova ruralidade que vem sendo debatidos por vários pesquisadores, órgãos públicos e representantes da classe rural. O foco destes debates esta em compreender a realidade da população rural e construir, coletivamente, políticas públicas e programas que ofereçam subsídios para a promoção do desenvolvimento rural nas dimensões econômica, social e ambiental. Ao longo do texto o leitor poderá acompanhar a dinâmica do desenvolvimento rural sustentável por meio do IDR e conhecer, pelos resultados do ICV, a percepção dos agricultores familiares acerca das suas reais condições de vida. Os resultados apurados pelo IDR apontaram uma tímida evolução no desenvolvimento em ambos os municípios pesquisados. O IDR geral para Tombos foi de 0,42 e para Araponga foi de 0,39, classificados respectivamente em Médio e Médio Baixo. Com exceção ao sub-indicador de meio ambiente os demais apresentaram resultados classificados em Médio Baixo, indicando um potencial fraco para o desenvolvimento rural. A presença de instituições de apoio e fomento ao desenvolvimento rural é reconhecida nos dois municípios como importantes instrumentos para o processo de desenvolvimento segundo seus representantes legais. Porém, na percepção dos agricultores familiares a atuação das mesmas está aquém das suas demandas. Este último grupo acredita que as instituições precisam ter seus planos reformulados, incluindo uma maior participação dos atores na construção das políticas e programas para o desenvolvimento rural. Com relação às suas condições de vida, os agricultores familiares demonstram satisfação, principalmente com relação a moradia, alimentação, saúde e área cultivável. Já nas variáveis relacionadas a participação em grupos sociais, políticos e institucionais os índices encontrados estão classificados em Médio Baixo e Baixo, indicando dificuldade na formação de capital social e na construção de redes, o que fortaleceria os agricultores familiares e contribuiria para o desenvolvimento rural sustentável.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:44:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudio_Schultz.pdf: 3406951 bytes, checksum: 89e09d45e7affdc655809e136f7904a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-26 / The Agricultural and Cattle Raising Census of Family Farm 2006 by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics IBGE shows that the family farm occupied 84.4% of agricultural and cattle raising establishments, but with only 24.3% of this area intended for agriculture. On the other hand, this kind of agriculture contributed expressively on food production being responsible for 87% of cassava national production, 70% of bean production, 46% of corn, 38% of coffee, 34% of rice, 21% of wheat and on animal production, 58% of milk, 59% of pig breeding, 50% of poultry and 30% of bovines, significative quantities on Brazilians market basket with a strategic support of credit lines from PRONAF. The aim of this research were identify the public polices existents relating to family farm sustainable development, understand about the modalities and involved resources on National Program for the Strengthening of Family Farming (PRONAF) that has a possibility of use in West of Paraná and confront with 2013/2014 agricultural plan; describing which modalities are more accessed in Maripá city and the demands of family farm that aren t contemplated in the program. So, also to know the PRONAF in a context of family farm sustainable development, in Maripá city, based on indicators of sustainability in their technical, social, economic, environmental and institutional policy dimensions. The research is presented in three papers that constitute the dissertation chapters: first, it was presented the theoretical context about agriculture history, sustainable rural development and public polices to support the family farm, in the second one, the contextualization of family farm in Maripá city, in the last one, the PRONAF in scope of family farm sustainable rural development in Maripá city. The qualitative and quantitative methodology was used based in a theoretical studies and structured interviews with 61 family farmers. After this, it was made a direct ponderation and used secondary elements. It could be concluded that the agriculture is a set of techniques, practices and social, that has as aim the animal and vegetal production, together with the concern about exploration and environmental impacts; that in Maripá city the family farm has its origin on agrarian model executed by Companhia Maripá on colonization of Britania s farm, whose model is maintained until nowadays and develops environmental practices that support the sustainable rural development; that there was a decrease of cultivated area, between 1993 and 2012; that the cultive of corn and soybean is indispensable, but with a considerable rise of dairy production, pig farming, poultry, fish farming and agricultural diversification; and that the familiar rural establishments has an 25,48ha average area, with diversification practices, exploration mainly by family, support from EMATER, credit available by PRONAF to costing and investment, which contributed to a rise of production, modernization and acquisition of new equipment, improvement of the infrastructure, agricultural expansion and diversification / O Censo Agropecuário da Agricultura Familiar, de 2006, do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística IBGE mostra que a agricultura familiar, no país, ocupava 84,4% dos estabelecimentos agropecuários, mas somente 24,3% do total da área destinado para a agricultura. Em contrapartida, desempenhou um peso significativo na produção de alimentos, responsável por 87% da produção Nacional de mandioca, 70% da produção de feijão, 46% do milho, 38% do café, 34% do arroz, 21% do trigo e, na pecuária 58% do leite, 59% do plantel de suínos, 50% das aves e 30% dos bovinos, volumes significativos na cesta básica do brasileiro com apoio estratégico das linhas de crédito do PRONAF. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as políticas públicas, existentes no âmbito do desenvolvimento sustentável da agricultura familiar, buscar entendimentos sobre as modalidades existentes do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) para fazer frente ao Plano-Safra 2013/2014 e que podem ser utilizadas na região do Oeste do Paraná e respectivos recursos envolvidos; e, quais modalidades do PRONAF mais acessados e as demandas específicas oriundas da agricultura familiar, no município de Maripá, que ainda não estão contempladas no programa e volumes envolvidos. E, por fim, conhecer o PRONAF no contexto do desenvolvimento sustentável da agricultura familiar, no município de Maripá, com base nos indicadores de sustentabilidade nas suas dimensões técnica, social, econômica e ambiental e político-institucional. A pesquisa é apresentada em forma de três artigos que se constituem nos capítulos da dissertação: no primeiro, apresenta-se o contexto teórico sobre a história da agricultura, desenvolvimento rural sustentável e políticas públicas de apoio à agricultura familiar, no segundo, a contextualização da agricultura familiar no município de Maripá e, no terceiro, o PRONAF no ambiente do desenvolvimento rural sustentável da agricultura familiar do município de Maripá. Empregou-se a metodologia qualitativa e quantitativa, através de estudos teóricos concernentes aos objetivos específicos e realizaram-se entrevistas estruturadas com (61) agricultores familiares, ponderação direta e elementos secundários. Conclui-se que a agricultura é um conjunto de técnicas práticas e sociais que tem por objetivo a produção de bens de origem animal e vegetal, acompanhada, historicamente, pela preocupação com a exploração agropecuária e com os problemas de impacto ao meio ambiente; que no município de Maripá, a agricultura familiar tem sua origem advinda e alicerçada no modelo fundiário que a Companhia Maripá executou na colonização da Fazenda Britânia, cujo modelo se mantém até os dias atuais e, com este modelo de agricultura, desenvolve as práticas ambientais que sustentam o desenvolvimento rural sustentável; que houve diminuição da área, cultivada, no período de 1993 a 2012; que o cultivo da soja e milho, no conjunto da agropecuária, é indispensável, verificando-se, porém, a ascensão da pecuária leiteira, suinicultura, avicultura, piscicultura e a diversificação agrícola; e que os estabelecimentos rurais familiares possuem uma área média de 25,48 há, com fortes práticas na diversificação, exploração prioritariamente efetuada por familiares, com apoio e instrução da EMATER, amparados pelos créditos do PRONAF nas linhas prioritárias de Custeio e Investimento, que contribuíram no aumento da produção, modernização e aquisição de equipamentos novos, melhoria na infraestrutura, ampliação e diversificação agrícola