Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Geological Sciences, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-44).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-06T23:44:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006 / Objetivo: Estudar a fase inicial da cicatrização de uma sutura gástrica confeccionada com grampeador linear cortante, submetida ao aumento de pressão intra-abdominal por pneumoperitônio entre 12 e 14 mmHg, durante sessenta e cento e vinte minutos, comparando-as com a mesma sutura mantida sob pressão atmosférica Métodos: Utilizou-se 30 cães distribuídos em 3 grupos de 10 animais: Grupo I, denominado de controle (sutura gástrica linear cortante), Grupo II (sutura gástrica linear cortante) e aumento da pressão intra-abdominal logo após a sutura por 60 minutos e Grupo III (sutura linear cortante) e aumento da pressão intra–abdominal logo após a sutura por 120 minutos. Todos os cães foram mantidos sob anestesia geral por 120 minutos após a sutura comum aos 3 grupos. Decorridos 7 dias de pós– operatório, avaliou-se os parâmetros macroscópicos do estômago e microscópicos de fragmentos gástricos junto a linha de sutura. Resultados: Na observação macroscópica dos grupos (n=30), não se evidenciou deiscências, fístulas ou abscessos, porém houve presença de aderências do omento em torno dessas suturas em 100% dos animais dos grupos II e III (n=20), mostrando significância estatística quando comparados com aqueles do grupo I (p=0,008*). Os estudos histopatológicos mostraram que os animais do grupo controle (n=10) tiveram todas as fases da cicatrização se desenvolvendo normalmente no final do 7° dia, e quando se comparou os resultados com aqueles animais que estiveram submetidos ao aumento da pressão intra–abdominal, grupos II e III (n=20), notou-se alterações com significância estatística nos testes não paramétricos empregados de parâmetros na fase aguda da cicatrização, tais como: migração de fibroblastos (p=0,011*), edema (p<0,001*) e congestão (p=0,011*), que interferiram na reepitelização do tecido (p<0,001*) portanto, no processo final de cicatrização. Conclusões: As suturas se desenvolveram em estágios evolutivos diferentes, em cada grupo de animais, e aquelas submetidas ao aumento de pressão intra-abdominal tiveram retardo no processo normal de cicatrização. Esses fenômenos foram mais evidentes no grupo que permaneceu por mais tempo sob ação do pneumoperitônio. / Purpose: To assess the initial healing after placing a gastric suture with a linear cutting stapler and creating pneumoperitoneum (12-14 mmHg) for 60 minutes or 120 minutes, and compare it with the healing after placing a suture under normal pressure. Methods: A total of 30 dogs were divided into three groups of 10 animals each: Group I (control group – mechanical suture), Group II (mechanical suture and increased intra-abdominal pressure in the first 60 minutes) and Group III (mechanical suture and increased intraabdominal pressure in the first 120 minutes). All dogs were maintained under general anesthesia for two hours after suturing. Seven days after surgery, the area around the mechanical suture was macroscopically and microscopically examined. Results: The macroscopic examination of the samples (n = 30) did not show dehiscence, fistula or abscess. Adhesions between the omentum and the suture were observed in all animals of groups II and III (n = 20), which were significantly different from group I (p = 0.008*). The histopathological analysis showed normal healing up to day 7 in the control animals (n = 10). When these results were compared with those of groups II and III (n = 20), non-parametric tests revealed that there was a significant difference with regard to certain parameters of the early stages of healing, such as fibroblast migration (p = 0.011*), edema (p < 0.001*) and congestion (p = 0.011*). These alterations affected reepithelization (p < 0.001*), and consequently the late stages of healing. Conclusions: Each group showed different healing stages, and the healing process was delayed in the groups submitted to increased pressure. This was more pronounced in the group submitted to increased pressure for longer. / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

abstract: The collision between the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates marked the onset of the rise of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen, but also brought about profound changes to the Earth's oceans and climate. The exact sequence of events that occurred during this collision is poorly understood, leading to a wide range of estimates of its age. The Indus and Yarlung sutures are generally considered to represent the final collision between India and Eurasia, and together form a mostly continuous belt that can be traced over 2000 km along strike. In the western portions of the orogen the Karakoram Fault introduces a key complexity to the study of timing of collision by offsetting the Indus and Yarlung sutures. Recent work has used the complexities introduced by the Karakoram Fault to suggest that the more northerly Shyok suture, not the Indus suture, represents the India-Eurasia collision zone. Estimates for timing of the India-Eurasia collision fall into one of three groups: 40-34 Ma, 55-50 Ma, and 66-60 Ma. Attempts to reconcile these models have thus far been unsuccessful. In order to provide additional data that might further clarify the timing and location of collision, studies have been performed along the Shyok suture in India and along the Yarlung suture in Tibet at Sangsang. A study along the Shyok suture argues that the suture formed between 92-85 Ma. This timing precludes an interpretation that the Shyok suture marks the location of the India-Eurasia collision. A second study demonstrates the utility of two new geochronometers, (U-Th)/Pb joaquinite and 40Ar/39Ar neptunite, that play an important role in unraveling the tectonic history of the Yarlung suture. A third study is an investigation of the structure and geochronology of the Sangsang ophiolite complex. Here, multiple (U-Th)/Pb and 40Ar/39Ar systems record magmatism and metamorphism spanning ca. 125-52 Ma. By tying these chronometers to tectonic process, a history is reconstructed of the southern margin of Tibet that includes Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous forearc rifting associated with mid ocean ridge subduction, Paleocene accretionary wedge uplift and erosion, and finally Eocene metasomatism and collision. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Geological Sciences 2016

Em cães, os estudos experimentais comparativos dos diferentes tipos de sutura para a síntese do brônquio principal são escassos, quando não ausentes nesta espécie. Além disso, existem possíveis complicações decorrentes da má cicatrização do brônquio. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um estudo experimental comparando-se sob o ponto de vista anatomo-patológico, paramétrico, radiológico e broncoscópico as suturas manual e mecânica em brônquio principal após pneumonectomia esquerda em cães. Foram utilizados 18 cães, sadios, machos e fêmeas, adultos, sem raça definida, pesando entre 9 e 27,5 kg. Os cães foram submetidos à intubação seletiva e toracotomia esquerda no 5º espaço intercostal, onde foi feita a pneumonectomia. Foram separados em 2 grupos de 9 cães, de acordo com o tipo de sutura empregada: Grupo A - sutura manual do coto brônquico principal esquerdo com pontos separados \"em 8\" com fio polipropileno 5-0; Grupo B - sutura mecânica do coto brônquico principal esquerdo com grampeador mecânico modelo TL-30 com grampos dispostos em fileira dupla. Cada grupo foi subdividido em 3 subgrupos de 3 animais, sendo estabelecido estudo temporal aos 7, 15 e 36 dias de pós-operatório, onde foi realizado a avaliação anatomo-patológica da cicatrização das suturas manual e mecânica, bem como, a avaliação paramétrica (antes da indução da anestesia, imediatamente após o final do ato cirúrgico, 48 horas, 7, 15 e 36 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico), avaliação radiológica ( 24 horas antes e com 7, 15 e 36 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico) e avaliação broncoscópica (após indução anestésica e com 7, 15 e 36 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico), consideradas importantes para avaliar possíveis complicações decorrentes deste tipo de procedimento cirúrgico. Estas avaliações foram realizadas de acordo com o estudo temporal nos diferentes subgrupos. A avaliação paramétrica foi realizada através da mensuração da temperatura, hematócrito, hemoglobina, freqüências cardíaca e respiratória. Na avaliação histopatológica foram avaliados qualitativamente e semi-quantitativamente a intensidade da inflamação, fibrose, vasos neoformados e a presença ou não de tecido de granulação, granuloma tipo corpo estranho e necrose. Os resultados encontrados foram analisados estatisticamente. Apesar das alterações dos índices paramétricos, todos os cães apresentaram evolução pós-operatória satisfatória. Com relação à análise histopatológica, ocorreu a formação de granuloma tipo corpo estranho no coto brônquico esquerdo em 88,9% dos cães submetidos à sutura manual e em nenhum dos cães submetidos à sutura mecânica. Houve ainda, diferença estatística significativa nos cães dos Grupos A e B em relação à intensidade da inflamação, sendo de maior intensidade nos cães submetidos à sutura manual. Os resultados obtidos mostraram não haver diferença estatística significativa nas avaliações radiográficas e broncoscópicas entre os Grupos A e B. Não foram observadas intercorrências no trans e pós-operatório. Concluiu-se que os 2 tipos de sutura promoveram cicatrização adequada do coto brônquico principal esquerdo, embora tenha ocorrido maior intensidade de inflamação e maior ocorrência de granuloma tipo corpo estranho nos cães submetidos à sutura manual, permitindo evolução paramétrica, radiológica, broncoscópica pós-operatória satisfatória e sem diferença nos cães dos Grupos A e B. / In dogs, comparative experimental studies of the different types of sutures for the synthesis of the main bronchus are scarce, when not all available in this species. Furthermore, there are possible complications due to the poor healing of the bronchus. The objective of this study was to perform an experimental study to be compared under the pathological-anatomic, parametric, radiological and bronchoscopic point of views, the manual and mechanical sutures in the main bronchus after left pneumonectomy in dogs. Eighteen adult mongrel, healthy dogs, both male and female, were utilized weighing from 9 to 27.5 kg. The dogs were submitted to a selective intubation and left thorax incision in the 5 th intercostal space where a pneumonectomy was performed. Were separated into 2 groups of 9 dogs according to the type of suture employed: Group A - a manual suture of the main left bronchial stump with separate stitches \"in 8\" with polypropylene 5-O; Group B - a mechanical suture of main left bronchial stump with a mechanical stapler, model TL-30 arranged in a double file. Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups of 3 animals and a temporal postoperative study was established at 7, 15 and 36 days where an pathological-anatomic evaluation was made on the healing of the manual and mechanical sutures as well as a parametric evaluation (before the induction of anesthesia, immediately after the final surgical act, 48 hours, 7, 15 and 36 days after the surgical procedure), radiological evaluation (24 hours before and with 7, 15 and 36 days after the surgical procedure), and bronchoscopic evaluation (after the induction of anesthesia and with, 7, 15 and 36 days after the surgical procedure), considered important to evaluate possible complications due to this type of surgical procedure. These evaluations were made according to the temporal study in the subgroups. The parametric evaluation was made through the mensuration of temperature, hematocrit, hemoglobin, heart and respiratory rate. During the histopathological evaluation, the intensity of inflammation, fibrosis, neoformed vessels, and the presence or absence of granulation tissue, foreign body reaction and necrosis were evaluated qualitatively and semi-quantitatively. The results found were analyzed statistically. Although the difference observed in the parametric evaluations, all the dogs showed good recovery postoperative. Regarding the histopathologic analysis, foreign body reaction occured in the left bronchial stump in 88,9% of the dogs submitted to a manual suture and in none of the dogs submitted to a mechanical suture. There is still, significant statistical difference in the dogs in Groups A and B in relation to the intensity of the inflammation, the greatest intensity being in the dogs submitted to the manual suture. The results obtained showed that there was no significant statistical difference in the radiographic and bronchoscopic evaluations between Groups A and B. No intercurrences were observed in the trans and postoperative period. It is concluded that both types of sutures brought an adequate healing of the main left bronchial stump, although there was a greater intensity of inflammation and a greater occurence of foreign body reaction in the dogs submitted to the manual suture, permitting satisfactory parametric, radiological and bronchoscopic postoperative evolution and there is no difference in all of the dogs in Groups A and B.

The estimation of age is an important aspect in osteoarchaeological analysis. In order to understand people and their fates in past societies, researchers must turn to palaeodemography. Therefore, it is vital that the methods of age estimation, which the foundations of palaeodemographic reconstructions rest upon, are as accurate and reliable as possible. In current Swedish cremation-osteoarchaeology, two methods of age estimation are commonly used: suture closure and relative thickness of the diploë. However, no substantial evaluation of these two methods have been undertaken. This study aims to evaluate the two methods of age estimation of cremated remains, suture closure and relative thickness of the diploë. This was done by testing the two methods on two unburnt populations, Mediaeval city-dwellers from Helgeandsholmen, Stockholm, Sweden, and Middle-Neolithic hunter-gatherers from Ajvide, Gotland, Sweden. Suture closure and proportion of diploë was observed in comparison with age-related changes of the auricular surface of the ilium and the pubic symphysis. Based on the results of the study, possible courses of action were proposed and then applied on cremated remains from a Late Iron Age burial ground on Lovö, Stockholm, Sweden. The results showed significant moderate correlation with age for both methods (0.61 for suture closure and 0.58 for proportion of diploë). However, early stage of suture closure could identify a group consisting of juveniles and young adults, while advanced suture closure could identify a group consisting of middle adults and old adults. These results, which proved to be more reliable than existing methods, can, hopefully, lead to improvements of the assessment of age in cremated remains, and increase our understanding of the fates of people of the past.

La thèse porte sur la caractérisation des réservoirs non conventionnels. Elle cherche à intégrer paramètres sédimentologiques, diagénétiques et structuraux dans un réservoir gréseux "tight" pour prédire ses propriétés hydrauliques. Elle concerne la formation des "Quartzites de Hamra", un des réservoirs pétroliers les plus prolifiques des bassins paléozoïques algériens. Cette formation s’est déposée à l’Arenig dans un environnement marin peu profond. Elle a connu au cours de l’enfouissement une diagenèse siliceuse qui a modifié ses propriétés mécaniques et sa porosité. Les fractures, présentes à toutes les échelles, pallient aux faibles caractéristiques matricielles, et leur géométrie est peu précise. La thèse s’est focalisée sur deux cas de terrain, situés sur la zone de suture panafricaine et un champ à gaz localisé dans la partie centrale du bassin de l’Ahnet. L’étude pluridisciplinaire combine plusieurs approches allant de la télédétection aux analyses de laboratoire. Les résultats montrent que les «Quartzites» se sont déposés dans une rampe sableuse, soumise à une forte hydrodynamique tidale. Le système fracturé est en grande partie influencé par la présence des failles. La diagenèse siliceuse a été favorisée par la maturité minéralogique des faciès et leur richesse en quartz monocristallin. La principale source de silice est interne, et liée à la pression-dissolution. A cette histoire de la diagenèse succède une histoire complexe de la déformation, pendant laquelle on assiste à la création de veines en crack-seal, puis à des circulations hydrothermales, d’une précipitation dominée par les hydroxydes de fer et les phosphates. / This PHD subject is related to the "Characterization of nonconventional reservoirs". It’s purpose is to understand the interactions between sedimentary facies, fracturation and digenesis in a tight gas reservoir, in order to predict its hydraulic properties. This approach was applied to the "Quarzites de Hamra" formation, which is one of the most prolific reservoirs in the Algerian Paleozoic basins. This formation was deposited during Arenig time, in a shallow marine setting, and underwent during its burial history an important quartz cementation which modified its mechanical properties and porosity. Natural fractures are present at all levels and mitigate low matrix porosities, but their geometric attributes still poorly understood and difficult to predict. The thesis was focused on two field cases, located on the Panafrican suture zone, and a tight gas field located in the central part of Ahnet basin. The multi-disciplinary approach we used integrates satellite imagery, field and well data, and laboratory techniques. The results obtained show that the "Quarzites de Hamra" formation was deposited in a tidal clastic ramp. The fracture system is mainly controlled by the presence of faults. The quartz cementation was favored by the mineralogical maturity of the facies and their high mococristalline quartz content. The source of silica is internal, and related to pressure-solution phenomena. The digenetic history is succeeded by a complex history of deformation, during which a system of veins with crack-seal texture was created, followed by hydrothermal circulations resulting mainly in precipitation of phosphates and iron hydroxides.

The Eldivan ophiolite, in the Ankara Mélange, represents the remnant of an ocean basin that developed in the İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Ocean and collapsed the form the İzmir -Ankara-Erzincan suture zone (İAESZ) through continental block collision. Whole-rock and mineral geochemical evidence show supra-subduction zone tectonomagmatic affinity for the ophiolite, revealing this basin formed in the upper plate of an intra-oceanic subduction zone. Detrital zircon from the ophiolitic mélange sandstone and the overlying Karadağ Formation suggest the ophiolites maximum age is 143.2 (±2) Ma, and the overlying Karadağ Formation is 105.2 (±5) Ma. The angular unconformity between the ophiolite and Karadağ formation reveal that the Eldivan ophiolite was imbricated between 105.2 (±5) Ma and 143.2 (±2) Ma. Petrographic analysis of sandstone from the ophiolitic mélange reveals a source terrain of a volcanic arc rather than a continental source. Structural restoration of the sheeted dike complex reveals the back or intra-arc spreading ridge of the Eldivan ophiolite as NE-SW, oblique to the Sakarya-Pontide continental margin. Three phases of evolution for the Eldivan ophiolite are constrained by complied age data: a constructional, destructional, and suturing phase. The evolution is similar the Philippine Sea Plate and Mariana Trough and fits well within the framework of other eastern Mediterranean Tethyan ophiolites.

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Objective: To evaluate the effect of two tibial attachment sites for lateral suture stabilization (LSS) on the kinematics of the cranial cruciate ligament-deficient (CrCL-D) canine stifle during early, middle and late stance.<br />Study design: In vitro biomechanical study: 32 hind limbs from 16 canine cadavers.<br />Methods: Limbs were mounted in a testing jig and an electromagnetic tracking system was used to determine 3-D stifle kinematics under 33% body weight load during early, middle and late stance in the following sequence: CrCL intact, CrCL-D and LSS with the distal anchor through the tibial tuberosity (LSSTT) or through the cranial eminence of the extensor groove (LSSEG). The proximal anchor point was the lateral femoro-fabellar ligament.<br />Results: Transection of the CrCL resulted in significant changes in stifle kinematics during early, middle and late stance. Post-LSS stifle kinematics were more comparable to normal than post-transection kinematics for both techniques. Both LSS techniques restored stifle kinematics in CrCL-D stifles to varying amounts but neither technique successfully restored normal 3-D stifle kinematics. LSSEG improved kinematics of the CrCL-D stifle in the medial-lateral direction and axial rotation but performed poorly in restoring stifle kinematics in the cranial-caudal plane as compared to LSSTT.<br />Clinical significance: LSSTT and LSSEG techniques failed to completely restore normal stifle kinematics in CrCL-D stifles in vitro. / Master of Science