Thesis (PhD(Prakt. Teol.)--Universiteit van Pretoria, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (PhD(Prakt. Teol.)--Universiteit van Pretoria, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 344-357).

The purpose of this study is to analyze the rhetorics of fear operating in public discourses surrounding metal music. This analysis focuses on how the public rhetorics deploy identity on listener populations through both the mediation and legislation of identities. Specifically, this mediation takes place using both symbols of fear and arguments constructed on potential threats. Texts for analysis in this study include film and television documentaries, newspaper articles, book-length critiques of and scholarship on heavy metal, and transcripts from the U.S. Senate Hearings on Record Labeling. "Heavy metal" and "metal music" are labels that categorize diverse styles of music. While there is no exemplar metal song that accounts for a definition of the genre, the terms have been consistently used in rhetorics of fear. These rhetorical movements produce and deploy deviant identities, depend on the construction of cultural crisis, and generate counter rhetorics of agency for individuals and subcultures. The study moves 1) chronologically through metal history, 2) geographically from the United States to Norway, and 3) contextually through media events that produce the public discourses of identity, crisis, and counter rhetorics. This study charts the rhetorical movements that have created fear within communities, leading to threats of legislation or criminalization of segments of the population.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka samt förstå hur ungdomar i 15-årsåldern diskuterar och formulerar sina uppfattningar om sig själva och den egna kroppen vid bildexponering som sker i sociala medier. Syftet är även att förstå hur ungdomarna diskuterar konstruktionen i relation till begreppen norm, symbolisk interaktionism, självreflexivitet och självkänsla. Vi vill även undersöka om det föreligger könsskillnader vad gäller reaktionsmönstret vid exponeringen.  I studien medverkar 23 ungdomar, varav 12 flickor och 11 pojkar. För att besvara syftet användes kvalitativ metod bestående av tre stycken strukturerade fokusgrupper som vardera varade en timme. Tolkningsramen som användes för att analysera det empiriska materialet var de socialpsykologiska begreppen media, norm, symbolisk interaktionism och självreflexivitet samt det psykologiska begreppet självkänsla. Studiens resultat visar att medelvärdet för internetanvändande bland ungdomarna är 2,95 timmar per dag och mest förekommande medieformerna är Facebook och Instagram. Resultatet visar vidare att ungdomarna förhåller sig kritiska till bilder som exponeras via media. Pojkarna upplever sig inte påverkas tanke- eller känslomässigt och känner sig överlag nöjda med sig själva efter exponeringen vilket förstås med att pojkarna inte identifierar sig med bilden och anser att bilderna inte signalerar en norm värd att efterfölja. Flickorna däremot påverkas av bildexponeringen och vill se ut som på bilden och identifierar sig med bilden vilket resulterar i känslor av avundsjuka uppkommer. / The purpose of this study is to investigate how 15 year olds discuss and form a perception of themselves and their bodies through the influence of social media. The study is also aimed to examine how teenagers discuss such core-concepts as norm, symbolic interactionism, self-reflection and self-esteem as well as explore any gender-related differences in their attitudes. The study involves a total of 23 youngsters; 12 females and 11 males.  The study is based on a qualitative method and three thoroughly structured group-discussions of one hour each. The empiric material, which has been gathered through the process, was analyzed through social-psychological terms as media, norm, symbolic interactionism and self-reflection as well as the psychological concept of self-esteem. This study shows that the average usage of the Internet amongst interviewed teenagers is 2,95 hours per day making Facebook and Instagram the most popular forms of social media. The conclusion also demonstrates that, although the adolescent generally remain critical towards the medial influence, some gender-related differences do exist. It is further shown that boy subjects consider themselves to be less affected on intellectual and emotional level making them feel satisfied about themselves after exposure to media. This can be explained by the fact that boys don’t identify themselves to the images and usually don’t believe that the images reflect a norm which is worth following. Girls, on the other hand, are normally affected in a larger extension than the opposite sex inducting feelings of envy and jealousy.

The process of nation-building in nineteenth century Canada involved the production of national symbols which could transcend sub-national loyalties, such as class, gender, ethnic, and religious identities, and unite the residents of the Canadian nation. While the symbols were many and varied, in this study I analyse the manner in which the Canadian state and civil society used royal ceremonies and representations to define and unify the Canadian nation between 1860 and 1911. The study focusses on the Canadian observances of Queen Victoria's Golden and Diamond Jubilees, her Memorial Services, the Coronation and Memorial Services of Edward VII, the Coronation of George V, and the royal visits of the Prince of Wales (Edward VII) in 1860 and the Duke of Cornwall and York (George V) in 1901. Regarding society and social relations as neither static nor fixed, but multiple and contradictory, I use the concept of cultural hegemony combined with elements from the "new" cultural history to examine the complex nature of power, identity, and royal representation in the nation-building process. Specifically, I argue that male members of the middle class articulated representations of themselves, women, the upper and lower classes, and the monarchy in order to legitimise their social authority and consolidate themselves as a cultural hegemony in the new national society. In turn, women and the upper and working classes resisted these representations with images of their own designed to empower themselves. The traditional elite claimed public and royal affirmation of their leadership; women and the working class sought an equal place in the nation. Complicating matters, however, were ethnic and religious identities which impinged upon class and gender loyalties and further altered the nature of royal representation and the formation and negotiation of a cultural hegemony. French Canadians, Irish Catholics, Jews, African and Asian Canadians, and the Peoples of the First Nations added their voices—and imagery—to the process of nation-building as each articulated representations of the monarchy in order to counter the dominant interpretations emanating from Protestants and whites. By doing so, they sought to either negotiate themselves a place within a wider hegemony or demand that their rights—and their place within the Canadian nation—be respected. Royal ceremonies and representations, then, were not trivial events in Canadian history. They comprised a fundamental feature in national imagery and played a vital part in the building of the Canadian nation.

This research examines the ways in which the Vancouver Olympics emblem, an Inuit inuksuk, and other Aboriginal symbols have been ‘adopted’ by the organizers of the 2010 Winter Olympics, how visual and textual Aboriginal representations have been incorporated into the public education mandate of the Games, and how this relates to the Aboriginal Participation Goals of the Vancouver Organizing Committee (VANOC). I use Freirian critical cultural pedagogy and Foucauldian theories along with a visual research method, semiotic analysis, as a way to examine the material presented on the official Vancouver 2010 Olympic website and related websites.

This thesis discusses the use of symbolic elements and metaphors in Edith Wharton’s novel Ethan Forme and analyzes the problems related to rendering them into Lithuanian. Edith Wharton (1862-1937) is a famous turn of the century American writer whose works describe the life of the American nation in the period between the end of the Civil War and the beginning of the First World War. Ethan Frome (1911) describes a poor farmer of New-England village whose marital entrapment and desperate love for his wife’s cousin Mattie eventually lead him to committing suicide which does not kill him but leaves him crippled for the whole life. The study is based on the following two translation theories: the theory suggested by Hasan Ghazala (2003) which is applied to the analysis of translation of metaphors in the novel, and the theory designed by Jean Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet (1958) used in the analysis of translation of symbols. The present thesis is divided into five main parts and has one appendix. Part one introduces the main topic and aims, provides the main biographical facts about the author and critical view on the novel. Part two presents the socio-historical and biographical context for Edith Wharton’s Ethan Frome. Part three reveals the issues of theoretical background and theoretical approaches to the main concepts of a symbol and metaphor. Here, the working definition of symbol is provided referring to Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs (1989), Clarence Hugh Holman (198... [to full text] / Šiame darbe nagrinėjamos simbolių ir metaforų vertimo problemos, analizuojant Edith Wharton romaną „Itenas Fromas“ ir jo vertimą į lietuvių kalbą. Edith Wharton (1862-1937) – yra žymi Amerikiečių literatūros klasikė, kurios literatūriniuose kūriniuose yra aprašomas Amerikos tautos gyvenimo laikotarpis nuo Pilietinio karo pabaigos iki Pirmojo pasaulinio karo pradžios. Romanas „Itenas Fromas“ (1911) – tai istorija apie eilinį Naujosios Anglijos fermerį, kuris, vedęs tironišką žmoną, kantriai tempia vedybinio gyvenimo naštą. Darbas remiasi dviem pagrindinėmis vertimo teorijomis: Hasano Ghazala (2003) pasiūlyta teorija, kuri yra taikoma metaforų vertimo analizei, ir Jean Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet (1958) vertimo strategijų teorija, taikoma simbolių vertimo analizei. Darbą sudaro penkios pagrindinės dalys ir vienas priedas. Pirmoje dalyje pristatoma pagrindinė tema, autoriaus biografiniai duomenys ir kritikų nuomonė apie romaną „Itenas Fromas“. Antroje dalyje nagrinėjamas socio-istorinis romano kontekstas. Trečią dalį sudaro teorinė medžiaga bei simbolio ir metaforos apibrėžimas, remiantis Edgaro V. Robertso and Henry E. Jacobso (1989), Clarence Hugh Holmano (1980) ir Edwino Gentzlerio (2000) teorijomis. Ketvirtoje dalyje analizuojamos romane rastos metaforos ir simboliai, nagrinėjamos jų vertimo iš anglų į lietuvių kalbą problemos. Penktoje dalyje aptariamos tyrimo išvados. Priede pateikiama romano „Itenas Fromas“ siužeto santrauka.

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Bakalauro darbą sudaro penkių darbų skaitmeninės spaudos kolekcija pavadinimu ,,Paukščio akimis“, šis darbas, tai tarsi dailės terapija sau, kuriame naudojant faktūrų ir linijų ritmikas, Adobe Photoshop CS4 programa, buvo kurtos daugiasluoksnės kompozicijos, kuriomis buvo norima atskleisti vidinės būsenos istoriją. Dailės terapijos tikslas - analizuoti savo meno kūrinius ir padėti sau ugdyti asmenybę. Yra manoma, kad kūrėjas norėdamas mokyti kurti kitus, visų pirma turi gerai pažinoti save. Aprašomajame darbe, taikant teorinę analizę darbams pagrįsti, buvo ieškota panašumų kitų autorių darbuose. Kadangi kolekcijoje „Paukščio akimis“ daug simbolių, tai buvo remtasi simbolisto M. K. Čiurlionio ir garsios simbolistės, siurrealistės ir realistės Fridos Kahlo kūryba. Frida tapė savo intymias gyvenimo detales, taip tarsi taikydama dailės terapiją sau. Darbams atlikti buvo pasirinkta skaitmeninės spaudos technika, prieš tai pasidomint kokie lietuvių menininkai dirba šia technika. Išanalizavus lietuvių menininkų R. Dichavičiaus ir K. Grigaliūno darbus, bei kuriant visas kompozicijas, remtasi šių autorių plastiniais kompozicijos sprendimais. Taikant interpretacijos metodą, buvo išanalizuoti kolekcijos darbai ir parengtas pasiūlyms, kaip bakalauro darbo specifiką būtų galima pritaikyti ugdymo procese, nes mokiniams būtina padėti integruotis šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje, kurioje, sparčiai plintant naujausioms medijoms, persipina technologijos ir įvairių meno sričių plastinės išraiškos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Bachelor of Arts work consists of the collection of five digital print pieces under the title “From the bird‘s sight”. This work is as if the therapeutic art for oneself in which multi-layer compositions, revealing the history of inner state, were created by the means of factures and the rhythmic of lines, with the help of Adobe Photoshop CS4 programme. The aim of the art therapy is to analyze your own works of art and to help yourself to develop as a personality. It is thought that the creator, willing to teach others how to create art, first of all has to know well himself. In the work described, similarities in different authors’ works have been looked for, while using theoretical analysis for creations to be justified. Since there are plenty of symbols in the collection “From the bird‘s sight”, the reference to creation of the symbolist M.K Ciurlionis and a famous surrealist and realist’s Frida Kahlo works was made. Frida was painting the details of her intimate life in the way, as if she applied the art therapy for herself. Digital print technique was chosen for completing the work, but before this, some investigation about Lithuanian artists, using this technique in their creation, was made. After analyzing the works by Lithuanian artists R. Dichavicius and K. Grigaliunas and while making all the compositions, it was referred to the plastic solutions of the compositions made by these artists. The whole collection of works was analyzed while applying the method of... [to full text]

Syftet med studien är att beskriva och förstå hur chefer upplever samarbetet mellan enheterna inom den organisationskultur de är verksamma i. Analysen baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer med 11 chefer inom en sektor i en kommunal vård- och omsorgsförvaltning, som utifrån LEAN önskar samla sin personalstyrka mot gemensamma mål för att bättre kunna klara sitt uppdrag. Studiens frågeställningar syftar till att undersöka hur cheferna upplever kulturen inom sin organisation och enhet samt hur de värderar samarbetet mellan enheterna. Undersökningen, som tillämpar en kvalitativ metod med hermeneutisk fenomenologisk ansats, analyserar intervjudata utifrån kulturteori och symbolisk interaktionism, med fokus på gemensamma symboler och mönster.  Studien fann att cheferna har nog med sitt och deras upplevelse av samarbetet är att det präglas av konkurrens, revirtänkande och oförenliga perspektiv. Arbetet med att stärka organisationens gemensamma kultur har ännu inte uppnått någon märkbar effekt och de gemensamma symbolerna är få. Enheterna utgör egna subkulturer som krockar med varandra, vilket gör att det gemensamma samarbetet saknar färdriktning och är flegmatiskt. Vår slutsats är att en gemensam kultur är av avgörande betydelse för att samarbete skall värderas och ge goda resultat. / The purpose of the study was to describe and understand how managers perceive the cooperation between units in their own organization. The analysis was based on semi structured interviews with 11 managers from a municipal social services organization. In order to better handle it´s agenda the organization used LEAN to mobilize staff towards common goals. The study questions aimed towards understanding how the managers experience the culture of their organization and unit and how they value cooperation between the units. The study used a qualitative method with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach analyzing data from interviews with culture theory and a symbolic interactive perspective focusing on common symbols and patterns. The results showed that the managers were busy with their own work and that cooperation with other units was seen as full of competition, territorial thinking, and incompatible perspectives. Little had been achieved as far as strengthening the common culture of the organization and common symbols were few. The units were subcultures of their own colliding with each other and giving a lack of direction. The conclusion was that for cooperation to be valuable and give good results a common culture is essential.