Syftet med studien är att undersöka samt förstå hur ungdomar i 15-årsåldern diskuterar och formulerar sina uppfattningar om sig själva och den egna kroppen vid bildexponering som sker i sociala medier. Syftet är även att förstå hur ungdomarna diskuterar konstruktionen i relation till begreppen norm, symbolisk interaktionism, självreflexivitet och självkänsla. Vi vill även undersöka om det föreligger könsskillnader vad gäller reaktionsmönstret vid exponeringen.  I studien medverkar 23 ungdomar, varav 12 flickor och 11 pojkar. För att besvara syftet användes kvalitativ metod bestående av tre stycken strukturerade fokusgrupper som vardera varade en timme. Tolkningsramen som användes för att analysera det empiriska materialet var de socialpsykologiska begreppen media, norm, symbolisk interaktionism och självreflexivitet samt det psykologiska begreppet självkänsla. Studiens resultat visar att medelvärdet för internetanvändande bland ungdomarna är 2,95 timmar per dag och mest förekommande medieformerna är Facebook och Instagram. Resultatet visar vidare att ungdomarna förhåller sig kritiska till bilder som exponeras via media. Pojkarna upplever sig inte påverkas tanke- eller känslomässigt och känner sig överlag nöjda med sig själva efter exponeringen vilket förstås med att pojkarna inte identifierar sig med bilden och anser att bilderna inte signalerar en norm värd att efterfölja. Flickorna däremot påverkas av bildexponeringen och vill se ut som på bilden och identifierar sig med bilden vilket resulterar i känslor av avundsjuka uppkommer. / The purpose of this study is to investigate how 15 year olds discuss and form a perception of themselves and their bodies through the influence of social media. The study is also aimed to examine how teenagers discuss such core-concepts as norm, symbolic interactionism, self-reflection and self-esteem as well as explore any gender-related differences in their attitudes. The study involves a total of 23 youngsters; 12 females and 11 males.  The study is based on a qualitative method and three thoroughly structured group-discussions of one hour each. The empiric material, which has been gathered through the process, was analyzed through social-psychological terms as media, norm, symbolic interactionism and self-reflection as well as the psychological concept of self-esteem. This study shows that the average usage of the Internet amongst interviewed teenagers is 2,95 hours per day making Facebook and Instagram the most popular forms of social media. The conclusion also demonstrates that, although the adolescent generally remain critical towards the medial influence, some gender-related differences do exist. It is further shown that boy subjects consider themselves to be less affected on intellectual and emotional level making them feel satisfied about themselves after exposure to media. This can be explained by the fact that boys don’t identify themselves to the images and usually don’t believe that the images reflect a norm which is worth following. Girls, on the other hand, are normally affected in a larger extension than the opposite sex inducting feelings of envy and jealousy.

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Using a recently developed measure of extrinsic contingency focus (ECF; Williams, Schimel, Hayes & Martens, 2009), four studies were conducted to examine the relationship between extrinsic contingency focus and the extent to which individuals strive to meet the social ideals shown in advertising media. In Study 1 it was found that ECF predicted participants’ desire for the image oriented aspects of consumer products. Study 2 demonstrated the moderating effects of ECF on women’s food consumption and preference for healthy foods following exposure to thin models. Study 3 showed that ECF also moderated reactions to idealized body images among males who were exposed to idealized images. Study 4 extended the results of the previous studies, by demonstrating that reactance to idealized images among low ECF women can be limited by affirming the intrinsic self. The implications of these findings relative to a multifaceted conceptualization of self-esteem and the use of idealized images in media are discussed.

Bakgrund: Ätstörningar är vanligt hos unga kvinnor och etologin är okänd, biologiska och sociala faktorer kan påverka. Sociala medier används dagligen av unga kvinnor och innehållet kan framkalla negativa känslor vilka försämrar ätstörningen. Kvinnor med ätstörningar upplever ohälsa och lidande. För sjuksköterskan är det en utmaning att lindra lidande och sträva efter hälsa hos unga kvinnor med ätstörning. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa hur sociala medier inverkar på bloggande och vloggande unga kvinnors ätstörningar. Metod: I studien användes kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att analysera bloggar och vloggar producerade av unga kvinnor med ätstörning. Sju bloggkonton och två vloggkonton analyserades. Resultat: Sociala medier inverkar på unga kvinnors ätstörningar både positivt och negativt. Till stor del beror det på kvinnornas förmåga att identifiera triggers och att sluta följa konton som triggar. Sociala medier kan användas för att uttrycka känslor och tankar och vid ett sunt användande kan det stötta kvinnor till att förändra sitt beteende kring mat. Slutsats: Unga kvinnor med ätstörningar har ett stort behov av stöd och uppmuntran vilket de söker efter på sociala medier. Sjuksköterskan bör samtala med den unga kvinnan om sociala mediers inverkan på ätstörningsbeteendet. / Background: Eating disorders are common among young women and the ethology is unknown, biological and social factors can affect. Social media is used daily by young women and the content can evoke negative emotions which worsen the eating disorder. Women with eating disorders experience ill health and suffering, for the nurse it is a challenge to alleviate suffering and strive for health in young women with eating disorders. Purpose: The aim was to clarify social medias impact on blogging and vlogging young women´s eating disorders. Method: This study used qualitative content analysis to analyze blogs and vlogs produced by young women with eating disorder. Seven blog accounts and two vlog accounts were analyzed. Results: Social medias affects young women´s eating disorders both positively and negatively. This is largely due to women´s ability to identify triggers and to stop following accounts that trigger. Social media can be used to express feelings and thoughts and with healthy use it can support women to change their behavior around food. Conclusion: Young women with eating disorders have a great need for support and encouragement, which they are looking for on social media. The nurse should talk to the young woman about the impact of social media on eating disorder behavior.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:27:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fabiana alzira cultura visual.pdf: 851834 bytes, checksum: 5a304823f14a7741211719d15f423343 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 / This study aims to discuss which the body conceptions from egress students of the first graduation class from ESEFFEGO are and what role these newly graduated students had in the characterization of the Physical Education in Goiania during the 1960 s. Therefore, taking in consideration that the methodological proceedings of this research privileged the senses and meanings systems of the subjects of this investigation, we were also interested in understanding the following questions: which symbolic elements composed the body conceptions of the subjects of this research? And more: how the body conceptions of the egress students from the first graduate class articulated with the conceptions of man and society that sustained the city of Goiania during the 1960 s? And in which manner the conceptions and practices of these students consubstantiates the Physical Education as a field of knowledge in the superior education in Goiás? It is expected as result of this research the visibility of the construction of the body conceptions found in the Physical Education in ESEFFEGO and its inter-relations with the cultural and social context in the history of the superior education in the city of Goiania / Este trabalho busca discutir quais as concepções de corpo dos alunos egressos da primeira turma de formandos da ESEFFEGO e que papel exerceram posteriormente, já como professores da instituição, na caracterização da Educação Física goianiense durante a década de 1960. Assim sendo, levando em consideração que os procedimentos metodológicos desta pesquisa privilegiaram os sistemas de sentidos e significados dos participantes da investigação, interessou-me também compreender as seguintes questões: quais elementos simbólicos compunham as concepções de corpo dos informantes desta pesquisa? Como as concepções de corpo dos alunos egressos da primeira turma se articulavam com os ideários de homem e de sociedade que sustentaram a cidade de Goiânia durante a década de 1960? De que forma as concepções e práticas desses alunos consubstanciaram a Educação Física como campo de conhecimento no ensino superior em Goiás? Espera-se, como resultado desta pesquisa dar visibilidade à construção de um ideário de corpo encontrado no curso de Educação Física na ESEFFEGO e as suas interrelações com o contexto cultural e social da história do ensino superior na cidade de Goiânia

Kroppen, i termer av kroppsliga vardagserfarenheter och unga tjejers kroppsliga gestaltning av lik- eller olikartade erfarenheter, som uppvisas inom en nätkultur på bloggar om hälsa och träning har använts som empirisk och analytisk grund. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur heteronormativ femininitet iscensätts, förhandlas och görs normerande i populära bloggar inom träning och hälsa samt varför de konsumeras av unga tjejer. Inledningsvis redogörs för en beskrivande bakgrund av moderna västerländska konsumtionssamhället och vad det kan innebära för individers identitetsarbete. Tidigare forskning inom området berör ungas förhållningssätt till kroppen, ideal och femininitet, kulturella framställningar av normer samt medier som verktyg för identitetsskapande. En netnografisk undersökning med text- och bildanalys har genomförts av tre stycken bloggar för både publicerat material och interaktiva delar, det vill säga bloggarens inlägg och läsarnas frågor och kommentarer. Tre grundläggande teman var specifikt framträdande i den funna empirin; tämjandet av kroppen, iscensättningen av heteronormativ femininitet samt konsumtion och klasskillnader. Vidare har analyser utgått ifrån grundläggande genusteorier som berör performativitet, klass, queerteorin, normalisering och makt och stereotyper och sociomentala relationer. Resultaten visar att tjejernas föreställningar om och iscensättningen av femininitet inom nätkulturen strukturerar såväl tankar som handlingar. Deras kroppar är eller strävar efter att vara bärare av viss slags ideal heteronormativ femininitet och kroppen fungerar som medium varigenom denna kan verka. Konsumtion och markörer visar sig vara medel som möjliggör iscensättningen och den ideala livsstilen. Relationen mellan skribenten och läsarna diskuteras i termer av makt, klass och expertkunskap. Diskussioner har även förts kring vilken betydelse och mening bloggarnas diskurser om femininitet och kroppsnormer kan ha för unga tjejers föreställningar om vad som krävs för att vara kvinna ”på rätt sätt” i dagens samhälle. / The human body, in terms of everyday experiences and young women’s body staging of similar or unequal experiences that is exposed among an Internet culture on lifestyle blogs about health and fitness has based the empiric analyses. The study aims to examine how young women practice and negotiate hetero normative femininity on popular blogs about health and fitness and what conveys girls’ interest to read and interact in these type of online communities. The main questions of the study concern what type of feminine body standards are negotiated and orchestrated in blogs consumed by young women, what messages and ideals about health are conveyed and communicated through text and images, what kind of femininity do the girls strive to achieve by active consumption of and communication in blogs and why is it desirable, what enables the staging and what legitimizes the writers position as a role model and how can young girl’s health as a discursive practice be analysed and related to a broader social perspective concerning norms and ideals. The theoretical framework of the study is based on gender theories such as performativity, class, queer theory, normativity, power and social control, stereotypes and sociomental relationships. The methodology for the study is a netnographic observation of three blogs with further text- and image analysis both for published material and interactive fragments - blog posts and readers’ comments and questions. The three main themes that were specifically disclosed in the results are modifying of the body, the implementation of hetero normative femininity according to ideal images and consumption and class disparities. The results are illustrating the girls’ notions and staging of a specific heteronormative femininity among the Internet culture. The ideas about the ideal female body and lifestyle can structure thoughts as well as actions. Consumption and various types of labels and markers are used as tools for enabling the staging of the ideal lifestyle. The relation between the writer and the readers has been discussed in aspects of power, class and expertise. Further analyses and discussions has been held in terms of the theoretical framework of the study.

The literature survey reports that persons electing cosmetic plastic surgery for aesthetic or medical reasons, or those persons not electing any form of surgery, often experience physical, psychological and socio-cultural problems. The complexity among the associated variables, body images, identity status, fashionable clothing behaviour and social self-consciousness were investigated comparatively, using a biopsychosocial approach. The samples consisted of cosmetic surgery patients (n=25), Black and White female fashion participants (n=60) and breast oncology case studies (n=3). The research methods included descriptive and inferential statistics. A maximum of six questionnaires was administered per individual. The results indicated that a positive body image perception was related to identity integrity, fashionable dressing and a sense of social acceptance. Insight into the importance placed on the body as a means of self-expression can contribute to successful cosmetic and breast oncology surgery and also promote intercultural harmony, by reducing body-based prejudice. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

The literature survey reports that persons electing cosmetic plastic surgery for aesthetic or medical reasons, or those persons not electing any form of surgery, often experience physical, psychological and socio-cultural problems. The complexity among the associated variables, body images, identity status, fashionable clothing behaviour and social self-consciousness were investigated comparatively, using a biopsychosocial approach. The samples consisted of cosmetic surgery patients (n=25), Black and White female fashion participants (n=60) and breast oncology case studies (n=3). The research methods included descriptive and inferential statistics. A maximum of six questionnaires was administered per individual. The results indicated that a positive body image perception was related to identity integrity, fashionable dressing and a sense of social acceptance. Insight into the importance placed on the body as a means of self-expression can contribute to successful cosmetic and breast oncology surgery and also promote intercultural harmony, by reducing body-based prejudice. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)