L’objectif central de cette recherche est d’explorer la question de la longévité d’une alliance coopétitive. Cette question est largement analysée dans les approches portant sur les alliances tandis qu’elle n’est pas véritablement abordée dans les approches portant sur la coopétition. Or, la dimension temporelle pose une question spécifique lorsque l’on aborde une situation de coopétition. Par définition, la stratégie de coopétition suppose la simultanéité de la compétition et de la coopération. Souvent, ces deux forces se trouvent découplées - par un partage des lieux sur lesquels elles se situent, sur les activités qu’elles réalisent, sur les niveaux qu’elles concernent - sans que le concept de coopétition soit dénaturé. Toutefois, la question de la simultanéité demeure un principe fondamental du concept, lui-même, de coopétition. Cette simultanéité nous semble difficile à instaurer sur la durée. Est-elle soutenable ? Nous considérons les apports des chercheurs portant sur la longévité des alliances et des alliances entre concurrents puis sur les situations de coopétition pour tenter de mettre en évidence les facteurs qui peuvent avoir un effet sur la durabilité des alliances coopétitives. À tel propos, nous soutenons que les similarités de taille, pouvoir, management et culture entre les partenaires, permettent à l’alliance de se prolonger dans le temps. Nous réalisons l’analyse de cas approfondie de l’alliance SEVEL, joint-venture entre PSA et FIAT (50%-50%) qui dure depuis quarante ans. Dans ce cas, les partenaires sont placés en situation de coopération pour la production et en situation de concurrence pour la commercialisation des modèles sous leurs marques propres. Au-delà de la longévité exceptionnelle de cette alliance, nous tentons d’analyser la durabilité de la coopétition en situant précisément les moments au cours desquels les partenaires se trouvent en concurrence et en coopération.Nos résultats dérivent d’une riche analyse documentaire, de l’analyse de contenu de 22 entretiens semi-directifs et des statistiques descriptives d’une base de données de 457 alliances du secteur automobile mondial. Les personnes interrogées soutiennent que dans l’automobile les entreprises ne s’engagent pas pour des projets sur le long terme et que la longévité est expliquée principalement par la performance des résultats de l’alliance. L’analyse quantitative met en évidence que, dans ce secteur, beaucoup d’alliances s’arrêtent de manière précoce. Toutefois, un nombre important d’alliances arrive à dépasser la dixième année de vie, notre mesure de longévité. En ce qui concerne la symétrie des partenaires, notre deuxième objectif, les entretiens font émerger l’idée que cette variable aide les partenaires à continuer leurs projets de coopétition mais elle n’est pas le seul facteur explicatif de la longévité. Les statistiques descriptives soulignent, finalement, que les alliances les plus durables sont celles dans lesquelles les partenaires participent de manière égalitaire au projet coopétitif. / In this research, we focus our attention on the coopetitive alliance longevity. This question has been analyzed in the alliances approaches, while it is not really addressed in approaches of coopetition. In this research, we argue that the temporal dimension poses a specific question when we focus on a coopetition situation. Coopetition strategy supposes the simultaneity of competition and cooperation. Often, these two forces are decoupled by a sharing of places where they are located, on activities or on the levels they concern (individual, organizational, inter-organizational) without the concept of coopetition being denatured. However, the question of simultaneity remains a fundamental principle of the concept itself of coopetition. However, this simultaneity seems difficult to implement over time. Is it sustainable?We consider the contributions of researchers on the longevity of alliances and on the alliances between competitors then, on the coopetition situations and we try to highlight the factors that can have an effect on the sustainability of coopetitive alliances. In this regard, we argue that the similarities in size, power, management and culture between the partners allow the alliance to extend over time. To answer to our research question, we carry out the in-depth case analysis of the SEVEL alliance, a 50%-50% joint venture between PSA and FIAT that has lasted forty years. In this case, the partners are placed in a situation of cooperation for production and in a situation of competition for the commerce of the models under their own brands. Beyond the exceptional longevity of this alliance, we try to analyze the sustainability of coopetition by precisely locating the moments in which the partners are exactly in competition and cooperation.Our results derived from a rich archive analysis, a content analysis of 22 semi-structured interviews and descriptive statistics from a database of 457 alliances in the global automotive industry. Our interviewees argue that in the automotive industry, companies do not commit to long-term projects and that longevity is explained by the performance of the alliance results. Quantitative analysis shows that, in this sector, many alliances stop early. However, a significant number of alliances happen to exceed the tenth year of life, our longevity measure. Concerning the “symmetry of the partners”, our second objective, the interviews defend the idea that this variable helps the partners to continue their coopetition projects but it is not the only explanatory factor of longevity. Finally, descriptive statistics highlight that the most durable alliances are those in which the partners participate equally in the coopetitive project.

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2018-05-03T12:34:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Danilo Cius.pdf: 2128036 bytes, checksum: 5b2c47a2a56fc484a69be66ca861ff21 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-03T12:34:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Danilo Cius.pdf: 2128036 bytes, checksum: 5b2c47a2a56fc484a69be66ca861ff21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo investigar a dinâmica de spin-1=2 no contexto de sistemas quânticos não-hermitianos. Propõe-se um modelo fenomenológico heurístico que inclui simetria dinâmica SL(2;C), cujo operador Hamiltoniano não-hermitiano efetivo de uma única partícula de dois níveis é empregado para simular a dinâmica coletiva de um ensemble de spin- 1=2. O modelo teórico é elaborado a partir da análise do decaimento da magnetização líquida em um experimento constituído de um ensemble de núcleos de 31P (com spin nuclear I = 1=2) de uma amostra de H3PO4, via técnica de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear. Verifica-se que as magnetizações experimentais evidenciam a validade do modelo teórico. / This work aims to investigating the dynamics of spin-1=2 in the context of non-Hermitian quantum systems. It is proposed a heuristic phenomenological model embedding SL(2;C) dynamical symmetry, whose the effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian operator of a single particle is employed to mimic the damped dynamics of an ensemble of spin-1=2. The theorical model is built by the decay on net magnetization analysis in an experiment made up of an ensemble of 31P nuclei (spin I = 1=2) of H3PO4 sample by applying Nuclear Magnetic Resonance technique. It is verified that the experimental magnetizations emphasize the validity of the theoretical model.

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2019-03-15T17:47:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Michele_Mugnaine.pdf: 11968218 bytes, checksum: 5ba2af6a329e543934e520e416683d5c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-15T17:47:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Michele_Mugnaine.pdf: 11968218 bytes, checksum: 5ba2af6a329e543934e520e416683d5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O mapa padrão não twist é um exemplo simples e geral de sistemas Hamiltonianos que violam a condição twist. Sua aplicação abrange fenômenos associados a plasmas, dinâmica celeste, guias de onda, aceleradores de partículas, entre outros. A presença de cadeias gêmeas e da curva shearless, neste mapa, tem uma grande influência sobre as barreiras presentes no espaço de fase e sobre o transporte observado através dele. Neste trabalho, fornecemos uma conexão entre os mecanismos de turnstiles e o cenário de intersecção entre variedades das cadeias gêmeas com o transporte no espaço de fase, uma situação ainda não completamente entendida em sistemas Hamiltonianos não twist. O alto transporte está relacionado com o cenário de intercrossing, com a proximidade dos pontos homoclínicos e heteroclínicos das duas cadeias e com os turnstiles agindo como um mecanismo de transporte, como uma passagem da trajetória de uma região a outra no espaço de fase. Já o transporte baixo é representado pelo cenário oposto, temos um cenário de intracrossing com uma distância maior entre os pontos de interseção e os turnstiles agindo como mecanismo de barreira de trajetórias. O mapa não twist é um mapa simétrico, sendo assim, não há uma direção preferencial para o transporte. Entretanto, a adição de uma nova perturbação na forma c sen(2πmx) é capaz de quebrar a simetria, para m par, e assim o transporte direcionado é um fenômeno possível. O mapa com esta nova perturbação é denominado mapa padrão não twist estendido e ele apresenta fenômenos interessantes como a quebra de simetria, transporte direcionado e a recuperação do cenário monotônico, cenário não observado no mapa não twist original. / The standard nontwist map is a simple and general example of Hamiltonian systems that does not satisfy the twist condition. The map applications cover phenomenons related to plasmas, celestial mechanics, wave guides, particle accelerators and other examples. The presence of twin islands chains and the shearless curve has a big influence over barriers in the phase space and, consequently, over the transport through the space. In this work, we provide a connection between turnstiles, the manifolds intersection scenario and the transport in the phase space. This connection is still not completely understood in non twist Hamiltonian systems. The high transport is associated to the intercrossing scenario and how the homoclinic and heteroclinic points from different islands chains are close to each other and how the turnstiles act like a transport mechanism. The turnstile is the gate or the barrier to the trajectories from one region of the phase space to another. The low transport is represented by the opposite scenario, the intracrossing scenario has a larger distance between the intersection points. In this case, the turnstiles act as a trapping mechanism. The standard nontwist map is a symmetric map, i.e, there is not a preferential direction for the trajectories to follow. However, the addition of a new perturbation with a shape as csin(2πmx) is able to break the symmetry, if m is even, and the directed transport is a possible phenomenon to exist in the phase space. The map with the new perturbation is called extended standard nontwist map and it features interested phenomenon as the symmetry breaking, directed transport and the recovery of the monotonic scenario, which is not present in the original nontwist map.

OBJECTIVES: This retrospective cohort study tested the effect of Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) on symmetrical volumetric changes in the nasal cavity. Volumetric changes in overall nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and oropharynx were also assessed as well as minimum cross-sectional width changes and molar angulation in association with RME. METHODS: CBCT scans of before and after RME treatment for 28 subjects (17 females, 11 males, average age 9.85 ± 2.42 years) were collected from a previously de-identified database. All subjects were treated for maxillary constriction using banded hyrax expanders. Mimics software was utilized to segment the nasal and pharyngeal airways and create various compartments (left and right nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and oropharynx) for volumetric analysis. Minimum cross-sectional width measurements and maxillary first molar angulation were also assessed. Paired T-test was used to quantify the changes brought about by expansion. Statistical significance was set at the 0.05 level. RESULTS: Posterior expansion as measured between right and left greater palatine foramen (GPF) averaged 2.41 mm (SD = 1.03 mm). There were statistically significant differences in overall nasal cavity (2249.6 ± 2102.5 mm3), right nasal cavity (968.8 ± 1082.7), left nasal cavity (1197.3 ± 1587.0), nasopharyngeal (1000.6 ± 917.7), and oropharyngeal (2349.2 ± 2520.8) volumes. In comparing the right to left nasal cavity, no significant changes were noted for initial volume, post-expansion volume, or pre to post-expansion changes (T2-T1). For cross-sectional analysis, the right nasal cavity (0.13 ± 0.07 mm) and left nasal cavity (0.11 ± 0.06 mm) showed significant increases in minimum crosssectional width measurements. Initial maxillary molar angulation had no significant correlation to initial nasal cavity volume on either side. CONCLUSIONS: RME has significant benefits to increasing nasal and pharyngeal airway cavity volumes in all segments of the airway. Nasal cavity expands symmetrically. Minimum cross-sectional width of the left and right nasal cavities showed highly symmetrical improvements. Initial maxillary molar angulation has no relationship to initial nasal cavity volume.

This study is concerned with the development of a method for creating shapes and form in clothing with minimum exertion on the cloth, using simple construction techniques. It is an exploration of an approach to producing clothing in a less familiar manner to the usual way of working which involves, almost always, drafting or flat-pattern making. With the expression of the movement of the textile around the body as the main aim, the ‘push/pull’ principle is employed to direct its flow in both a symmetric and asymmetric fashion. It is a principle inspired by Madame Gres, the French designer of the 1930s to 1980s, famous for her neo-classic inspired gowns. The textile, usually a rectangle, is manipulated without cutting into it but by pushing and pulling first, through the upper limbs of the body, and then ‘worked’ around the rest of the body, using draping and pleating to create shapes which are spontaneous, elaborate and not pre-determined. Furthermore, the approach explores the aesthetic potential of draping and combining the Filter 80 PPI, an industrial textile used for filtering, with conventional clothing materials, linen and/or cotton in this case. The parallels and constasts of this mix are noted, together with the distinct expressions, which nonetheless both display a simple approach in construction, minimal manipulation of the textile, the use of the upper limbs as natural obstacles, and the ‘no-cut’ principle of the rectangular piece of cloth. With free form construction and reflection, one discovers expressions possible only through the use of an experimental approach in working. / Program: Master Programme in Fashion and Textile Design

Children develop the ability to perceive symmetry very early in life; symmetry is abundant in the world around us, and it is a naturally occurring theme in children’s play and creative endeavors. Symmetry is a type of pattern structure and organization of visual information that has been found by psychologists to aid adults in the processing and recall of visual information. Symmetry plays an important role across branches of mathematics and at all levels, and it provides a link between mathematics and a variety of fields and areas of study. Despite this, symmetry does not figure prominently in early childhood mathematics curriculum in the United States. The purpose of this study is to develop, implement, and evaluate a computer program that expands young children’s innate perception and understanding of symmetry and its subtopics—reflection, translation, and rotation. Eighty-six first and second grade children were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: nine sessions using the symmetry computer program designed for this study, or nine sessions using a non-geometry-related computer program. Results showed that children assigned to the experimental condition were better able to identify symmetry subtypes, accurately complete translation tasks and symmetry tasks overall, and explain symmetric transformations. These findings suggest that children are capable of learning about symmetry and its subtypes, and the symmetry software program designed for this study has the potential to improve children’s understanding of symmetry beyond what is currently taught in the early elementary mathematics curriculum. Recommendations for other researchers, educators, and future research are discussed

O propósito deste trabalho é dar uma contribuição ao projeto iniciado por Hornos & Hornos que visa explicar as degenerescências do código genético como resultado de sucessivas quebras de simetria ocorridas durante sua evolução. O modelo matemático usado requer a construção de todas as representações irredutíveis de dimensão 64 das álgebras de Lie simples (chamadas representações de códons) e a análise de suas regras de ramicação sob redução a subalgebras. A classicação de todas as possibilidades é baseada na classicação das subalgebras maximais das álgebras de Lie semisimples obtida por Dynkin. No presente trabalho, os resultados de Dynkin são apresentados em linguagem e notação moderna e são aplicados ao problema de construir todas as possíveis cadeias de subalgebras maximais das álgebras de Lie simples B_6 = so(13) e D_7 = so(14) e de identicar aquelas que reproduzem as degenerescências do código genético. / The purpose of this work is to make a contribution to the project initiated by Hornos & Hornos which aims at explaining the degeneracy of the genetic code as the result of a sequence of symmetry breaking that occurred during its evolution. The mathematical model employed requires the construction of all 64-dimensional irreducible representations of simple Lie algebras (called codon representations) and the analysis of their branching rules under reduction to sub-algebras. The classification of all possibilities is based on Dynkins classification of the maximal sub-algebras of semi-simple Lie algebras. In the present work, Dynkins results are presented in modern language and notation and are applied to the problem of constructing all possible chains of maximal sub-algebras of the simple Lie algebras B_6 = so(13) and D_7 = so(14) and of identifying all those that reproduce the degeneracies of the genetic code.

Esta tese apresenta alguns resultados da pesquisa realizada com as cerâmicas pintadas Guarani do Baixo Paranapanema. A experiência com a análise dos desenhos presentes nos fragmentos cerâmicos permitiu avaliar algumas das propriedades estruturais e simétricas que envolvem essas configurações, bem como demonstrar alguns aspectos interpretativos relacionados com as práticas socioculturais dos indivíduos ceramistas. O objetivo principal é estudar a cerâmica Guarani e interpretar seus desenhos, explicitando os processos cognitivos que envolvem essa atividade. Além disso, proponho uma metodologia de análise dos fragmentos cerâmicos pintados de modo a não fragmentar os estilos em motivos mínimos, que se desenvolvem gradualmente, defendendo e procurando demonstrar o caminho para a compreensão da estrutura do desenho como um todo. / This thesis presents some results of the research carried out with the Guaraní ceramics of the Lower Paranapanema. The experience with the analysis of the drawings present in the ceramic fragments allowed to evaluate some of the structural and symmetrical properties that involve these configurations, as well as to demonstrate some interpretive aspects related to the sociocultural practices of the ceramist individuals. The main objective is to study Guarani ceramics and interpret their drawings, explaining the cognitive processes that involve this activity. In addition, I propose a methodology for analyzing the painted ceramic fragments so as not to fragment the styles into minimal motifs, which are gradually developed, defending and trying to demonstrate the way to understand the structure of the design as a whole.

Yuan Tianqiang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 51-55). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / abstract --- p.i / acknowledgments --- p.iv / table of contents --- p.v / list of figures --- p.vii / list of tables --- p.ix / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Reflectional Symmetry Detection --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research Progress on Face Analysis --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Face Detection --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Face Alignment --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Face Recognition --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of this thesis --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Local reflectional symmetry detection --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- Proposed Method --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Symmetry measurement operator --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Potential regions selection --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Detection of symmetry axes --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Experiments --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Parameter setting and analysis --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Experimental Results --- p.14 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Global perspective reflectional symmetry detection --- p.16 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction of camera models --- p.16 / Chapter 3.2 --- Property of Symmetric Point-Pair --- p.18 / Chapter 3.3 --- analysis and Experiment --- p.20 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Confirmative Experiments --- p.20 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Face shape generation with PSI --- p.22 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Error Analysis --- p.24 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Experiments of Pose Estimation --- p.25 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.28 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Pre-processing of face analysis --- p.30 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction of Hough Transform --- p.30 / Chapter 4.2 --- Eye Detection --- p.31 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Coarse Detection --- p.32 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Refine the eyes positions --- p.34 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Experiments and Analysis --- p.35 / Chapter 4.3 --- Face Components Detection with GHT --- p.37 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Parameter Analyses --- p.38 / Chapter 4 3.2 --- R-table Construction --- p.38 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Detection Procedure and Voting Strategy --- p.39 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Experiments and Analysis --- p.41 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Pose estimation with face symmetry --- p.45 / Chapter 5.1 --- Key points selection --- p.45 / Chapter 5.2 --- Face Pose Estimation --- p.46 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Locating eye corners --- p.46 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Analysis and Summary --- p.47 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusions and future work --- p.49 / bibliography --- p.51

This thesis concerns the metaphysics of scale. It investigates the implications of a physical determinable being dimensionful. In particular, it considers the case study of mass, as it features within Newtonian Gravity. Nevertheless, most of the terminology, methodology and arguments developed should be relatively straightforwardly applicable to other determinables and theories. Weak Absolutism about mass holds that mass ratios obtain in virtue of absolute masses. Weak Comparativism denies this. In the first five chapters I argue in favour of Weak Absolutism over Weak Comparativism. The sixth chapter argues against reducing mass to other non-mass facts. The overall conclusion is Strong Absolutism about mass within Newtonian Gravity: mass ratios obtain in virtue of absolute masses, which themselves are fundamental (i.e. they do not require anything further in order to obtain). Comparativism promises to recover all the virtues of absolutism, in particular its empirical adequacy, but at a lower 'metaphysical cost'. Special attention is given to Dasgupta's recent comparativist proposal. Dasgupta interprets the requirement of empirical adequacy in terms of the undetectability of the absolute mass scale. I argue that undetectability is an unsuitable way of understanding empirical adequacy and that we would do better to understand it in terms of a theory's ability to correctly generate the set of empirically possible worlds (or at least the actual world). I refute Dasgupta's comparativism both on my terms and on his own terms. I subsequently develop and strongly criticise alternative versions of comparativism. Chapter five sheds doubt on the supposed 'metaphysical parsimony' of comparativism. This debate should be of particular interest to readers who engage with the substantivalism-relationalism debate. These debates are much more entwined than previously acknowledged, which provides a significant source of mutual inspiration, although I do also draw out some important disanalogies.