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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Complex Vehicle Modeling: A Data Driven Approach

Schoen, Alexander C. 12 1900 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This thesis proposes an artificial neural network (NN) model to predict fuel consumption in heavy vehicles. The model uses predictors derived from vehicle speed, mass, and road grade. These variables are readily available from telematics devices that are becoming an integral part of connected vehicles. The model predictors are aggregated over a fixed distance traveled (i.e., window) instead of fixed time interval. It was found that 1km windows is most appropriate for the vocations studied in this thesis. Two vocations were studied, refuse and delivery trucks. The proposed NN model was compared to two traditional models. The first is a parametric model similar to one found in the literature. The second is a linear regression model that uses the same features developed for the NN model. The confidence level of the models using these three methods were calculated in order to evaluate the models variances. It was found that the NN models produce lower point-wise error. However, the stability of the models are not as high as regression models. In order to improve the variance of the NN models, an ensemble based on the average of 5-fold models was created. Finally, the confidence level of each model is analyzed in order to understand how much error is expected from each model. The mean training error was used to correct the ensemble predictions for five K-Fold models. The ensemble K-fold model predictions are more reliable than the single NN and has lower confidence interval than both the parametric and regression models.
62

Generation of Synthetic Traffic Sign Images using Diffusion Models

Carlson, Johanna, Byman, Lovisa January 2023 (has links)
In the area of Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR), deep learning models are trained to detect and classify images of traffic signs. The amount of data available to train these models is often limited, and collecting more data is time-consuming and expensive. A possible complement to traditional data acquisition, is to generate synthetic images with a generative machine learning model. This thesis investigates the use of denoising diffusion probabilistic models for generating synthetic data of one or multiple traffic sign classes, when providing different amount of real images for that class (classes). In the few-sample method, the number of images used was from 1 to 1000, and zero images were used in the zero-shot method. The results from the few-sample method show that combining synthetic images with real images when training a traffic sign classifier, increases the performance in 3 out of 6 investigated cases. The results indicate that the developed zero-shot method is useful if further refined, and potentially could enable generation of realistic images of signs not seen in the training data.
63

[en] AN APPROACH BASED ON INTERACTIVE MACHINE LEARNING AND NATURAL INTERACTION TO SUPPORT PHYSICAL REHABILITATION / [pt] UMA ABORDAGEM BASEADA NO APRENDIZADO DE MÁQUINA INTERATIVO E INTERAÇÃO NATURAL PARA APOIO À REABILITAÇÃO FÍSICA

JESSICA MARGARITA PALOMARES PECHO 10 August 2021 (has links)
[pt] A fisioterapia visa melhorar a funcionalidade física das pessoas, procurando atenuar as incapacidades causadas por alguma lesão, distúrbio ou doença. Nesse contexto, diversas tecnologias computacionais têm sido desenvolvidas com o intuito de apoiar o processo de reabilitação, como as tecnologias adaptáveis para o usuário final. Essas tecnologias possibilitam ao fisioterapeuta adequar aplicações e criarem atividades com características personalizadas de acordo com as preferências e necessidades de cada paciente. Nesta tese é proposta uma abordagem de baixo custo baseada no aprendizado de máquina interativo (iML - Interactive Machine Learning) que visa auxiliar os fisioterapeutas a criarem atividades personalizadas para seus pacientes de forma fácil e sem a necessidade de codificação de software, a partir de apenas alguns exemplos em vídeo RGB (capturadas por uma câmera de vídeo digital) Para tal, aproveitamos a estimativa de pose baseada em aprendizado profundo para rastrear, em tempo real, as articulações-chave do corpo humano a partir de dados da imagem. Esses dados são processados como séries temporais por meio do algoritmo Dynamic Time Warping em conjunto com com o algoritmo K-Nearest Neighbors para criar um modelo de aprendizado de máquina. Adicionalmente, usamos um algoritmo de detecção de anomalias com o intuito de avaliar automaticamente os movimentos. A arquitetura de nossa abordagem possui dois módulos: um para o fisioterapeuta apresentar exemplos personalizados a partir dos quais o sistema cria um modelo para reconhecer esses movimentos; outro para o paciente executar os movimentos personalizados enquanto o sistema avalia o paciente. Avaliamos a usabilidade de nosso sistema com fisioterapeutas de cinco clínicas de reabilitação. Além disso, especialistas avaliaram clinicamente nosso modelo de aprendizado de máquina. Os resultados indicam que a nossa abordagem contribui para avaliar automaticamente os movimentos dos pacientes sem monitoramento direto do fisioterapeuta, além de reduzir o tempo necessário do especialista para treinar um sistema adaptável. / [en] Physiotherapy aims to improve the physical functionality of people, seeking to mitigate the disabilities caused by any injury, disorder or disease. In this context, several computational technologies have been developed in order to support the rehabilitation process, such as the end-user adaptable technologies. These technologies allow the physiotherapist to adapt applications and create activities with personalized characteristics according to the preferences and needs of each patient. This thesis proposes a low-cost approach based on interactive machine learning (iML) that aims to help physiotherapists to create personalized activities for their patients easily and without the need for software coding, from just a few examples in RGB video (captured by a digital video camera). To this end, we take advantage of pose estimation based on deep learning to track, in real time, the key joints of the human body from image data. This data is processed as time series using the Dynamic Time Warping algorithm in conjunction with the K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm to create a machine learning model. Additionally, we use an anomaly detection algorithm in order to automatically assess movements. The architecture of our approach has two modules: one for the physiotherapist to present personalized examples from which the system creates a model to recognize these movements; another to the patient performs personalized movements while the system evaluates the patient. We assessed the usability of our system with physiotherapists from five rehabilitation clinics. In addition, experts have clinically evaluated our machine learning model. The results indicate that our approach contributes to automatically assessing patients movements without direct monitoring by the physiotherapist, in addition to reducing the specialist s time required to train an adaptable system.
64

Tracking a ball during bounce and roll using recurrent neural networks / Följning av en boll under studs och rull med hjälp av återkopplande neurala nätverk

Rosell, Felicia January 2018 (has links)
In many types of sports, on-screen graphics such as an reconstructed ball trajectory, can be displayed for spectators or players in order to increase understanding. One sub-problem of trajectory reconstruction is tracking of ball positions, which is a difficult problem due to the fast and often complex ball movement. Historically, physics based techniques have been used to track ball positions, but this thesis investigates using a recurrent neural network design, in the application of tracking bouncing golf balls. The network is trained and tested on synthetically created golf ball shots, created to imitate balls shot out from a golf driving range. It is found that the trained network succeeds in tracking golf balls during bounce and roll, with an error rate of under 11 %. / Grafik visad på en skärm, så som en rekonstruerad bollbana, kan användas i många typer av sporter för att öka en åskådares eller spelares förståelse. För att lyckas rekonstruera bollbanor behöver man först lösa delproblemet att följa en bolls positioner. Följning av bollpositioner är ett svårt problem på grund av den snabba och ofta komplexa bollrörelsen. Tidigare har fysikbaserade tekniker använts för att följa bollpositioner, men i den här uppsatsen undersöks en metod baserad på återkopplande neurala nätverk, för att följa en studsande golfbolls bana. Nätverket tränas och testas på syntetiskt skapade golfslag, där bollbanorna är skapade för att imitera golfslag från en driving range. Efter träning lyckades nätverket följa golfbollar under studs och rull med ett fel på under 11 %.
65

Synthetic Graph Generation at Scale : A novel framework for generating large graphs using clustering, generative models and node embeddings / Storskalig generering av syntetiska grafer : En ny arkitektur för att tillverka stora grafer med hjälp av klustring, generativa modeller och nodinbäddningar

Hammarstedt, Johan January 2022 (has links)
The field of generative graph models has seen increased popularity during recent years as it allows us to model the underlying distribution of a network and thus recreate it. From allowing anonymization of sensitive information in social networks to data augmentation of rare diseases in the brain, the ability to generate synthetic data has multiple applications in various domains. However, most current methods face the bottleneck of trying to generate the entire adjacency matrix and are thus limited to graphs with less than tens of thousands of nodes. In contrast, large real-world graphs like social networks or transaction graphs can extend significantly beyond these boundaries. Furthermore, the current scalable approaches are predominantly based on stochasticity and do not capture local structures and communities. In this paper, we propose Graphwave Edge-Linking CELL or GELCELL, a novel three-step architecture for generating graphs at scale. First, instead of constructing the entire network, GELCELL partitions the data and generates each cluster separately, allowing for efficient and parallelizable training. Then, by encoding the nodes, it trains a classifier to predict the edges between the partitions to patch them together, creating a synthetic version of the original large graph. Although it does suffer from some limitations due to necessary constraints on the cluster sizes, the results showed that GELCELL, given optimized parameters, can produce graphs with reasonable accuracy on all data tested, with the largest having 400 000 nodes and 1 000 000 edges. / Generativa grafmodeller har sett ökad popularitet under de senaste åren eftersom det möjliggör modellering av grafens underliggande distribution, och vi kan på så sätt återskapa liknande kopior. Förmågan att generera syntetisk data har ett flertal applikationsområden i en mängd av områden, allt från att möjligöra anonymisering av känslig data i sociala nätverk till att utöka mängden tillgänglig data av ovanliga hjärnsjukdomar. Dagens metoder har länge varit begränsade till grafer med under tiotusental noder, då dessa inte är tillräckligt skalbara, men grafer som sociala nätverk eller transaktionsgrafer kan sträcka sig långt utöver dessa gränser. Dessutom är de nuvarande skalbara tillvägagångssätten till största delen baserade på stokasticitet och fångar inte lokala strukturer och kluster. I denna rapport föreslår vi ”Graphwave EdgeLinking CELL” eller GELCELL, en trestegsarkitektur för att generera grafer i större skala. Istället för att återskapa hela grafen direkt så partitionerar GELCELL all datat och genererar varje kluster separat, vilket möjliggör både effektiv och parallelliserbar träning. Vi kan sedan koppla samman grafen genom att koda noderna och träna en modell för att prediktera länkarna mellan kluster och återskapa en syntetisk version av originalet. Metoden kräver vissa antaganden gällande max-storleken på dess kluster men är flexibel och kan rymma domänkännedom om en specifik graf i form av informerad parameterinställning. Trots detta visar resultaten på varierade träningsdata att GELCELL, givet optimerade parametrar, är kapabel att genera grafer med godtycklig precision upp till den största beprövade grafen med 400 000 noder och 1 000 000 länkar.
66

Gaze tracking using Recurrent Neural Networks : Hardware agnostic gaze estimation using temporal features, synthetic data and a geometric model

Malmberg, Fredrik January 2022 (has links)
Vision is an important tool for us humans and significant effort has been put into creating solutions that let us measure how we use it. Most common among the techniques to measure gaze direction is to use specialised hardware such as infrared eye trackers. Recently, several Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based architectures have been suggested yielding impressive results on single Red Green Blue (RGB) images. However, limited research has been done around whether using several sequential images can lead to improved tracking performance. Expanding this research to include low frequency and low quality RGB images can further open up the possibility to improve tracking performance for models using off-the-shelf hardware such as web cameras or smart phone cameras. GazeCapture is a well known dataset used for training RGB based CNN models but it lacks sequences of images and natural eye movements. In this thesis, a geometric gaze estimation model is introduced and synthetic data is generated using Unity to create sequences of images with both RGB input data as well as ground Point of Gaze (POG). To make these images more natural appearing domain adaptation is done using a CycleGAN. The data is then used to train several different models to evaluate whether temporal information can increase accuracy. Even though the improvement when using a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) based temporal model is limited over simple sequence averaging, the network achieves smoother tracking than a single image model while still offering faster updates over a saccade (eye movement) compared to averaging. This indicates that temporal features could improve accuracy. There are several promising future areas of related research that could further improve performance such as using real sequential data or further improving the domain adaptation of synthetic data. / Synen är ett viktigt sinne för oss människor och avsevärd energi har lagts ner på att skapa lösningar som låter oss mäta hur vi använder den. Det vanligaste sättet att göra detta idag är att använda specialiserad hårdvara baserad på infrarött ljus för ögonspårning. På senare tid har maskininlärning och modeller baserade på CNN uppnått imponerande resultat för enskilda RGB-bilder men endast begränsad forskning har gjorts kring huruvida användandet av en sekvens av högupplösta bilder kan öka prestandan för dessa modeller ytterligare. Genom att uttöka denna till bildserier med lägre frekvens och kvalitet kan det finnas möjligheter att förbättra prestandan för sekventiella modeller som kan använda data från standard-hårdvara såsom en webbkamera eller kameran i en vanlig telefon. GazeCapture är ett välkänt dataset som kan användas för att träna RGB-baserade CNN-modeller för enskilda bilder. Dock innehåller det inte bildsekvenser eller bilder som fångar naturliga ögonrörelser. För att hantera detta tränades de sekventiella modellerna i denna uppsats med data som skapats från 3D-modeller i Unity. För att den syntetiska datan skulle vara jämförbar med riktiga bilder anpassades den med hjälp av ett CycleGAN. Även om förbättringen som uppnåddes med sekventiella GRU-baserade modeller var begränsad jämfört med en modell som använde medelvärdet för sekvensen så uppnådde den tränade sekventiella modellen jämnare spårning jämfört med enbildsmodeller samtidigt som den uppdateras snabbare vid en sackad (ögonrörelse) än medelvärdesmodellen. Detta indikerar att den tidsmässiga information kan förbättra ögonspårning även för lågfrekventa bildserier med lägre kvalitet. Det finns ett antal intressanta områden att fortsätta undersöka för att ytterligare öka prestandan i liknande system som till exempel användandet av större mängder riktig sekventiell data eller en förbättrad domänanpassning av syntetisk data.
67

Methodik zur Erstellung von synthetischen Daten für das Qualitätsmanagement und der vorausschauenden Instandhaltung im Bereich der Innenhochdruck-Umformung (IHU)

Reuter, Thomas, Massalsky, Kristin, Burkhardt, Thomas 28 November 2023 (has links)
Unternehmen stehen zunehmend vor der Herausforderung, dem drohenden Wissensverlust durch demografischen Wandel und Mitarbeiterabgang zu begegnen. In Zeiten voranschreitender Digitalisierung gilt es, große Datenmengen beherrschbar und nutzbar zu machen, mit dem Ziel, einerseits die Ressourceneffizienz innerhalb des Unternehmens zu erhöhen und anderseits den Kunden zusätzliche Dienstleistungen anbieten zu können. Vor dem Hintergrund, ein effizientes Qualitätsmanagement und eine vorausschauende Instandhaltung mit ein und demselben System zu realisieren, sind zunächst technologische Kennzahlen und die Prozessführung zu bestimmen. Im Bereich der intelligenten Instandhaltung ist es jedoch nicht immer möglich, Fehlerzustände von physischen Anlagen im Serienbetrieb als Datensatz abzufassen. Das bewusste Zulassen von Fehlern unter realen Produktionsbedingungen könnte zu fatalen Ausfällen bis hin zur Zerstörung der Anlage führen. Auch das gezielte Erzeugen von Fehlern unter stark kontrollierten Bedingungen kann zeitaufwendig, kostenintensiv oder sogar undurchführbar sein.
68

Methodology for the creation of synthetic data for quality management and predictive maintenance in the field of hydroforming (IHU)

Reuter, Thomas, Massalsky, Kristin, Burkhardt, Thomas 28 November 2023 (has links)
Companies are increasingly challenged by the impending loss of knowledge due to demographic change and employee loss. In times of advancing digitalization, it is important to make large datasets accessible and usable, aiming at increasing resource efficiency within the company on the one hand and being able to offer customers additional services on the other. Given the background of implementing efficient quality management and predictive maintenance with the same system, technological key figures and process control must first be determined. In the field of intelligent maintenance, however, it is not always possible to record error states of physical systems in series operation as a data set. Deliberately allowing faults to occur under real production conditions could lead to fatal failures or even the destruction of the system. The targeted generation of faults under highly controlled conditions can also be timeconsuming, cost-intensive, or even impractical.
69

Multivariate Time Series Data Generation using Generative Adversarial Networks : Generating Realistic Sensor Time Series Data of Vehicles with an Abnormal Behaviour using TimeGAN

Nord, Sofia January 2021 (has links)
Large datasets are a crucial requirement to achieve high performance, accuracy, and generalisation for any machine learning task, such as prediction or anomaly detection, However, it is not uncommon for datasets to be small or imbalanced since gathering data can be difficult, time-consuming, and expensive. In the task of collecting vehicle sensor time series data, in particular when the vehicle has an abnormal behaviour, these struggles are present and may hinder the automotive industry in its development. Synthetic data generation has become a growing interest among researchers in several fields to handle the struggles with data gathering. Among the methods explored for generating data, generative adversarial networks (GANs) have become a popular approach due to their wide application domain and successful performance. This thesis focuses on generating multivariate time series data that are similar to vehicle sensor readings from the air pressures in the brake system of vehicles with an abnormal behaviour, meaning there is a leakage somewhere in the system. A novel GAN architecture called TimeGAN was trained to generate such data and was then evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative evaluation metrics. Two versions of this model were tested and compared. The results obtained proved that both models learnt the distribution and the underlying information within the features of the real data. The goal of the thesis was achieved and can become a foundation for future work in this field. / När man applicerar en modell för att utföra en maskininlärningsuppgift, till exempel att förutsäga utfall eller upptäcka avvikelser, är det viktigt med stora dataset för att uppnå hög prestanda, noggrannhet och generalisering. Det är dock inte ovanligt att dataset är små eller obalanserade eftersom insamling av data kan vara svårt, tidskrävande och dyrt. När man vill samla tidsserier från sensorer på fordon är dessa problem närvarande och de kan hindra bilindustrin i dess utveckling. Generering av syntetisk data har blivit ett växande intresse bland forskare inom flera områden som ett sätt att hantera problemen med datainsamling. Bland de metoder som undersökts för att generera data har generative adversarial networks (GANs) blivit ett populärt tillvägagångssätt i forskningsvärlden på grund av dess breda applikationsdomän och dess framgångsrika resultat. Denna avhandling fokuserar på att generera flerdimensionell tidsseriedata som liknar fordonssensoravläsningar av lufttryck i bromssystemet av fordon med onormalt beteende, vilket innebär att det finns ett läckage i systemet. En ny GAN modell kallad TimeGAN tränades för att genera sådan data och utvärderades sedan både kvalitativt och kvantitativt. Två versioner av denna modell testades och jämfördes. De erhållna resultaten visade att båda modellerna lärde sig distributionen och den underliggande informationen inom de olika signalerna i den verkliga datan. Målet med denna avhandling uppnåddes och kan lägga grunden för framtida arbete inom detta område.
70

Artificial data for Image classification in industrial applications

Yonan, Yonan, Baaz, August January 2022 (has links)
Machine learning and AI are growing rapidly and they are being implemented more often than before due to their high accuracy and performance. One of the biggest challenges to machine learning is data collection. The training data is the most important part of any machine learning project since it determines how the trained model will behave. In the case of object classification and detection, capturing a large number of images per object is not always possible and can be a very time-consuming and tedious process. This thesis explores options specific to image classification that help reducing the need to capture many images per object while still keeping the same performance accuracy. In this thesis, experiments have been performed with the goal of achieving a high classification accuracy with a limited dataset. One method that is explored is to create artificial training images using a game engine. Ways to expand a small dataset such as different data augmentation methods, and regularization methods, are also employed. / Maskininlärning och AI växer snabbt och de implementeras allt oftare på grund av deras höga noggrannhet och prestanda. En av de största utmaningarna för maskininlärning är datainsamling. Träningsdata är den viktigaste delen av ett maskininlärningsprojekt eftersom den avgör hur den tränade modellen kommer att bete sig. När det gäller objektklassificering och detektering är det inte alltid möjligt att ta många bilder per objekt och det kan vara en process som kräver mycket tid och arbete. Det här examensarbetet utforskar alternativ som är specifika för bildklassificering som minskar behovet av att ta många bilder per objekt samtidigt som prestanda bibehålls. I det här examensarbetet, flera experiment har utförts med målet att uppnå en hög klassificeringsprestanda med en begränsad dataset. En metod som utforskas är att skapa träningsbilder med hjälp av en spelmotor. Metoder för att utöka antal bilder i ett litet dataset, som data augmenteringsmetoder och regleringsmetoder, används också.

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