Cybernetics is the science of effective organization, i.e. the science that describes the general principles of growth, learning and adaptation in complex, dynamical systems. Stafford Beer regards his viable system model as a design for effective formal organization. He also declares that since his model is explicitly based upon the principles of cybernetics, it facilitates consideration of what is and is not possible within formal organizations and provides guidance in creating efficient structures. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate and test Stafford Beer's ideas on the viable system model via the simulation of certain business activities. A methodology for getting access to the cybernetic body of knowledge is given as well as examples of cybernetic laws relevant to managerial and business practice. An important part of the work is devoted to the explanation and discussion of Stafford Beer's viable system model, and the importance it represents as a cybernetic method for the design of organizational structures. Simulation models incorporating the major activities of a business firm are represented and used as case studies to investigate how basic industrial organizations based on Beer's viable system model work under operational conditions.

Η ραγδαία αύξηση της πολυπλοκότητας των συστημάτων σε ολοκληρωμένα κυκλώματα (System-on-Chip, SoC), η πίεση του χρόνου για την είσοδό τους στην αγορά, καθώς και το υψηλό κόστος της διαδικασίας σχεδίασης και παραγωγής τους, έχει οδηγήσει τη βιομηχανία ανάπτυξης συστημάτων SoC στην κατεύθυνση της επαναχρησιμοποίησης «πυρήνων πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας» (intellectual property cores), αλλά και στην αύξηση της αφαιρετικότητας της σχεδίασης, από το επίπεδο καταχωρητών (Register Transfer Level, RTL) στο επίπεδο του συστήματος (Electronic System Level Design, ESL). Η αύξηση αυτή της αφαιρετικότητας επιτυγχάνεται σήμερα, κατεξοχήν, με τη μεθοδολογία μοντελοποίησης συστημάτων SystemC TLM. Η μέθοδος αυτή μοντελοποιεί, κυρίως, την επικοινωνία μεταξύ των δομικών στοιχείων του συστήματος, δημιουργώντας ένα μοντέλο του συστήματος εύκολο στην κατασκευή, ταχείας εξομοίωσης και έτοιμο από τα πρώτα στάδια της σχεδίασης. Τα SystemC TLM μοντέλα ενός SoC δίνουν έτσι τη δυνατότητα να γίνει ανάλυση της απόδοσης του, αρχιτεκτονική του εξερεύνηση, επιβεβαίωση της λειτουργίας του καθώς επίσης και ανάπτυξη του λογισμικού που θα τρέχει πάνω σε αυτό, νωρίς στη διαδικασία σχεδίασης Στα πλαίσια αυτής της εργασίας αναπτύχθηκε ένα SystemC TLM μοντέλο του ελεγκτή CAN (CAN Controller). Ο ελεγκτής αυτός χρησιμοποιείται για την επικοινωνία μικροελεγκτών μέσω ενός σειριακού διαύλου (CAN Bus). Τα πλεονεκτήματα ενός δικτύου CAN είναι πολλά όπως, χαμηλή πολυπλοκότητα, μεγάλες ταχύτητες επικοινωνίας (έως 1Mbps), καλό μηχανισμό διαχείρισης σφαλμάτων, κ.α. Ο ελεγκτής που χρησιμοποιήθηκε ως αναφορά για την ανάπτυξη του μοντέλου αλλά και για συγκριτικά tests, είναι αυτός που έχει αναπτυχθεί από την Ευρωπαϊκή Υπηρεσία Διαστήματος (ESA) στα πλαίσια του προγράμματος HurriCANe. / The rapidly increasing complexity of systems in integrated circuits (System-on-Chip, SoC), time-to-market pressure, as well as the high cost of the development process, has led the SoC industry to the reuse of intellectual property cores and the increase of the design abstraction, from the Register Transfer Level (RTL) to the system level (Electronic System Level Design, ESL). This increase in abstraction is succeeded today, predominantly, with SystemC TLM modeling systems methodology. This method is, basically, modeling the communication between the components of a system, creating this way an, easy to make, with fast simulation and ready from the first stages of the design flow, model. So, the SystemC TLM model of a SoC gives the ability to commit performance analysis, architectural exploration, functional verification as well as embedded software development, early in the design process. Part of this work is the development of a SystemC TLM model of the CAN Controller. The controller is used for the communication of microcontroller via a serial bus (CAN Bus). The advantages of a CAN network are many, like low complexity, high speed communication (up to 1Mbps), good error management mechanism, etc. The CAN controller used as a reference model for the development process and for the comparative tests , is the one developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) under the program HurriCANe.

O modelo do sistema térmico do corpo humano consegue representar as respostas térmicas e fisiológicas do corpo a diferentes condições ambientais. Diversos modelos foram propostos por pesquisadores durante algumas décadas. E mesmo os modelos mais utilizados e de pesquisadores conceituados não são robustos o suficiente para apresentar boas respostas para condições ambientais extremas. No presente trabalho, foram introduzidas melhorias no modelo disponível para que este possa melhor representar as reações do corpo em condições de climas tanto rigorosas quanto amenas. Dentre as principais modificações implementadas estão o detalhamento dos membros superiores do corpo, aplicação do efeito q10 e inclusão do modelo de duração da termogênese ativa. Deve-se ressaltar que o modelo é aplicável tanto para climas frios ou quentes. As melhorias devido às modificações aplicadas foram mais notáveis em condições de ambientes frios. As temperaturas das extremidades dos membros superiores tendem a se aproximar da temperatura ambiente. Esse comportamento térmico do corpo também é observado através dos dados experimentais disponíveis na literatura. / The thermal system model of human body is capable to estimate physical and physiological response of body at different environmental conditions. Several models were proposed by some researchers over the last 80 years. Most models are not robust, despite at current developments and studies in the area. In the present work, improvements were applied in the available model, this upgrade allows the human thermal system model respond better at both environmental conditions rigorous and moderate. Detailing the upper limbs vascular system, finger representation, q10 effect on metabolism rate and shivering endurance are among the major changes. The model works well for both environmental conditions, hot and cold. The difference between the proposed model and the available one is most notable at cold environmental condition. The temperature of fingers and hands tend to approach the environment temperature. This thermal behavior of human body is also observable in the experimental data of literature.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第15354号 / 工博第3233号 / 新制||工||1486(附属図書館) / 27832 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 岡田 憲夫, 教授 戸田 圭一, 教授 多々納 裕一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

This study attempts to answer the research question ‘Can a novel model of health information system strengthen process for conducting research to understand the effects of air pollution on CVD in developing countries?’ There is limited research output from Asia and in particular, from India on studies of the deleterious effects of air pollution on CVD. This research aimed to investigate the barriers in developing countries and proposed the use of a spatiotemporal methodology to assess the effects of air pollution on CVD by developing an application based on a GIS platform. Choosing Bangalore as a case study area, secondary data from various governmental departments that included demographic data, air pollution data and mortality data were obtained. An Environmental Health Information system application based on GIS platform was developed specifically for Bangalore and with the characteristics of the datasets available. Data quality assessment was carried out on these datasets that resulted in the recommendation of a generalisable data quality framework to enable better data collection that will aid in strengthening health development policies. The data was analysed using spatial and non-spatial techniques. Results showed that levels of PM10 were of concern to the city with all areas having either high or critical levels of pollution. CVD deaths also were of concern contributing to almost 40% of total mortality. The potential years of life lost (PYLL), which is an estimate of the average years a person would have lived if he or she had not died prematurely was calculated for the years from 2010 to 2013; this revealed that 2.1 million person years were lost in Bangalore due to CVD alone. These potential years lost is an important factor to consider, as preventive measures taken by the Government will result in a significant economic impact on the city. The limitations of few monitoring stations were overcome by using spatial interpolation techniques such as Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation technique. The performance of the interpolation was tested using cross-validation techniques and the results revealed that Bangalore city would benefit from increased measuring stations for PM10. The logistic regression conducted showed that pollution especially PM10 was a likely predictor of CVD in the city. Spatial analysis was conducted and included buffering, overlay maps, queries and Hotspot analysis highlighting the zone hotspots. The results from the research guided the development of the novel 5-I model that would assist other similar developing cities to assess the effects of air pollution on CVD. The impetus is that based on evidence, intervention policies and programs may be implemented to inform research and practice which will ultimately have social, economic and health impact on the population. On implementation of the model, hotspots will be identified in order to roll out interventions to priority areas and populations most at risk that will ultimately prevent millions of deaths and enhance overall quality of life.

This thesis should introduce a reader with basic objectives of parallel computing followed by distributed systems. The thesis is also aimed at description of cryptographic attacks. The main point should be to obtain theoretic information for design of distributed system for cryptoanalysis.

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This thesis focuses on the issues related to the implementation of theoretical timed discrete-event systems (TDES) supervisors. In particular, we examine issues related to implementing TDES as sampled-data (SD) controllers, which were introduced by Wang and Leduc. An SD controller is driven by a periodic clock and sees the system as a series of inputs and outputs. On each clock edge (tick event), it samples its inputs, changes state, and updates its outputs. / This thesis focuses on the issues related to the implementation of theoretical timed discrete-event systems (TDES) supervisors. In particular, we examine issues related to implementing TDES as sampled-data (SD) controllers, which were introduced by Wang and Leduc. An SD controller is driven by a periodic clock and sees the system as a series of inputs and outputs. On each clock edge (tick event), it samples its inputs, changes state, and updates its outputs. We first introduce the sampled-data setting from Wang, and then define the sampled-data properties he identified, including the SD controllability property. We then introduce Wang's formal representation of an SD controller as a Moore synchronous finite state machine (FSM). We then discuss Wang's modular and centralized translation method. We next introduced new modular results for the SD controllability point 3.1, SD controllability point 3.2, SD controllability point 4, activity loop free and S-singular prohibitable behaviour that allow one to verify the properties using only a portion of the system, instead of having to construct the entire system model. This should allow faster verification times as well as allow larger systems to be verified. We then introduce for the first time algorithms to verify Wang's CS Deterministic and non self-loop ALF properties. The remainder of the thesis focuses on developing algorithms and software to automatically convert a TDES first into an FSM, and then into a VERILOG module. VERILOG is a hardware description language which allows our FSM to be compiled and implemented on digital logic devices such as an FPGA. We then tested our method by modelling a simple door locking system as TDES, checking that the system satisfies the required sampled-data properties, and then translating the result into VERILOG. The above algorithms and methods have all been implemented as a part of the graphical DES research tool, DESpot. / Thesis / Master of Computer Science (MCS)