Designing and implementing coupled Earth System Models (ESMs) is a challenge for climate scientists and software engineers alike. Coupled models incorporate two or more independent numerical models into a single application, allowing for the simulation of complex feedback effects. As ESMs increase in sophistication, incorporating higher fidelity models of geophysical processes, developers are faced with the issue of managing increasing software complexity. Recently, reusable coupling software has emerged to aid developers in building coupled models. Effective reuse of coupling infrastructure means increasing the number of coupling functions reused, minimizing code duplication, reducing the development time required to couple models, and enabling flexible composition of coupling infrastructure with existing constituent model implementations. Despite the widespread availability of software packages that provide coupling infrastructure, effective reuse of coupling technologies remains an elusive goal: coupling models is effort-intensive, often requiring weeks or months of developer time to work through implementation details, even when starting from a set of existing software components. Coupling technologies are never used in isolation: they must be integrated with multiple existing constituent models to provide their primary services, such as model-to-model data communication and transformation. Unfortunately, the high level of interdependence between coupling concerns and scientific concerns has resulted in high interdependence between the infrastructure code and the scientific code within a model’s implementation. These dependencies are a source of complexity which tends to reduce reusability of coupling infrastructure. This dissertation presents mechanisms for increasing modeler productivity based on improving reuse of coupling infrastructure and raising the level of abstraction at which modelers work. This dissertation argues that effective reuse of coupling technologies can be achieved by decomposing existing coupling technologies into a salient set of implementation-independent features required for coupling high-performance models, increasing abstraction levels at which model developers work, and facilitating integration of coupling infrastructure with constituent models via component-based modularization of coupling features. The contributions of this research include: (1) a comprehensive feature model that identifies the multi-dimensional design space of coupling technologies used in high-performance Earth System Models, (2) Cupid, a domain-specific language and compiler for specifying coupling configurations declaratively and generating their implementations automatically, and (3) Component-based Coupling Operators (CC-Ops), a modular approach to code reuse of coupling infrastructure based on component technologies for high-performance scientific settings. The Cupid domain-specific language is evaluated by specifying a coupling configuration for an example fluid dynamics model and measuring the amount of code generated by the Cupid compiler compared to a hand coded version. The CC-Op approach is evaluated by implementing several CC-Ops using an existing high-performance component framework and measuring performance in terms of scalability and overhead.

Bakgrund: Allt fler svårt sjuka patienter får vård i hemmet. Områdesansvarig distriktssköterska i kommunal hemsjukvård ansvarar ensam för både omvårdnad och medicinska insatser kring patienten. En hög arbetsbelastning ökar risken för att göra fel när distriktssköterskan har ansvar för många patienter. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskornas upplevelser av arbete inom kommunal hemsjukvård med omvårdnadsansvar för patienter i ordinärt boende. Metod: Kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats användes i studien. Genom ett strategiskt urval har 14 distriktssköterskor från fyra kommuner intervjuats. Resultat: I resultatet framkom tre kategorier: ”Arbetsglädje”, ”Stödjande resurser” och ” Upplevelser av svåra situationer”. Distriktssköterskornas upplevelse av arbetsglädje kunde relateras till patientkontakten, användandet av sin kompetens, allmänhetens förtroende, variation i arbetet, trivseln på arbetsplatsen och samarbetet med andra i vården.  Distriktssköterskornas kompetens, relation med patienten och anhöriga, teamarbete och arbete i grupp, samarbete med andra vårdenheter, stöd från ledningen, arbetsmiljö och hjälpmedel och administrativt arbete är stödjande resurs i distriktssköterskans arbete. Distriktssköterskor i studien hade individuellt olika belastning i arbetet och förutsättningar till stödjande resurser i sitt arbete, därför upplevde de olika mycket arbetsglädje och upplevelser av svåra situationer såsom etiska dilemman, oförutsägbarhet, otillräcklighet, frustration och irritation. Slutsats: Fungerande stödjande resurs i distriktssköterskans arbete kan öka distriktssköterskornas upplevelse av arbetsglädje. Tillsammans med resurser och kontinuerlig kompetensutveckling finns förutsättningar för att uppleva arbetsglädje, vilket behövs för att uppfylla distriktssköterskornas skyldighet att ge bra vård till patienterna. Ytterligare forskning behövs inom området eftersom kommunal hemsjukvård är i ständig utveckling i alla kommuner och det är oklart vilket sätt som är bäst att bedriva den. / Background: An increasing number of severe ill patients receive care at home. Area manager district nurse in municipal home care alone is responsible for both nursing and medical interventions regarding the patient. A high workload increases the risk of making mistakes when district nurse have the responsibility for many patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe district nurses' experiences of working in municipal home care with nursing responsibilities for patients in regular housing. Methods: Qualitative methods with inductive approach used in the study. Through the strategic selection 14 district nurses from four municipalities had been interviewed. Results: The results revealed three categories: "Job satisfaction", "Supporting Resources" and” Experiences of difficult situations". District nurses experience of job satisfaction could be related to patient contact, use of their skills, public trust, variation of work, being at work and cooperation with others in care. District nurses skills, relationship with the patient and family, team work and group work, collaboration with other health care units, management support, work environment and facilities and administrative work is supportive resource in the district nurse work. District nurses in the study had individually different workloads and prerequisites for supporting resource in their work because they experienced different amounts of job satisfaction and perceptions of difficult situations such as ethical dilemmas, unpredictability, inadequacy, frustration and irritation. Conclusion: Functional supportive resource in the district nurse work can increase district nurses experience of job satisfaction. Along with resources and continuous professional development are prerequisites for experiencing job satisfaction, which is needed to fulfill the district nurses obligation to provide good care to patients. Further research is needed in the area since the municipal home care is in constant development in all communities and it is unclear how best to pursue it.

In my thesis I focused on a group of heavily-adaptable Roma citizens. This group was defined as a group with elementary education who are unemployed and depending on the goverment assistance and aid. They receive government social welfare. The last criterion in stipulating the definition was that they lived socially separated on the edge of the society. Their lifestyle reflects their social status and has a huge impact on their health conditions of heavily-adaptable Roma citizens. The goals of my thesis were to find out specifications of health care of healthy and ill heavily-adaptable Roma Citizen, and to work out some standards and some structure for educetional principles. In the course of my research I focuseld on finding the factors that influence the work of nurses with the heavily-adaptable Roma citizens.

Multi-antenna wireless systems have become very popular due to their theoretically predicted higher spectral efficiencies and improved performance compared to single-antenna systems. Large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems refer to wireless systems where communication terminals employ tens to hundreds of antennas to achieve in-creased spectral efficiencies/sum rates, reliability, and power efficiency. Large-scale multi-antenna systems are attractive to meet the increasing wireless data rate requirements, without compromising on the bandwidth. This thesis addresses key signal processing issues in large-scale MIMO systems. Specifically, the thesis investigates efficient algorithms for signal detection and channel estimation in large-scale MIMO systems. It also investigates ‘spatial modulation,’ a multi-antenna modulation scheme that can reduce the number of transmit radio frequency (RF) chains, without compromising much on the spectral efficiency. The work reported in this thesis is comprised of the following two parts: 1 investigation of low-complexity receiver algorithms based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique, tabu search, and belief propagation for large-scale uplink multiuser MIMO systems, and 2 investigation of achievable rates and signal detection in generalized spatial modulation. 1. Receiver algorithms for large-scale multiuser MIMO systems on the uplink In this part of the thesis, we propose low-complexity algorithms based on MCMC techniques, Gaussian sampling based lattice decoding (GSLD), reactive tabu search (RTS), and factor graph based belief propagation (BP) for signal detection on the uplink in large-scale multiuser MIMO systems. We also propose an efficient channel estimation scheme based on Gaussian sampling. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling: We propose a novel MCMC based detection algorithm, which achieves near-optimal performance in large dimensions at low complexities by the joint use of a mixed Gibbs sampling (MGS) strategy and a multiple restart strategy with an efficient restart criterion. The proposed mixed Gibbs sampling distribution is a weighted mixture of the target distribution and uniform distribution. The presence of the uniform component in the sampling distribution allows the algorithm to exit from local traps quickly and alleviate the stalling problem encountered in conventional Gibbs sampling. We present an analysis for the optimum choice of the mixing ratio. The analysis approach is to define an absorbing Markov chain and use its property regarding the expected number of iterations needed to reach the global minima for the first time. We also propose an MCMC based algorithm which exploits the sparsity in uplink multiuser MIMO transmissions, where not all users are active simultaneously. Gaussian sampling based lattice decoding: Next, we investigate the problem of searching the closest lattice point in large dimensional lattices and its use in signal detection in large-scale MIMO systems. Specifically, we propose a Gaussian sampling based lattice decoding (GSLD) algorithm. The novelty of this algorithm is that, instead of sampling from a discrete distribution as in Gibbs sampling, the algorithm iteratively generates samples from a continuous Gaussian distribution, whose parameters are obtained analytically. This makes the complexity of the proposed algorithm to be independent of the size of the modulation alpha-bet. Also, the algorithm is able to achieve near-optimal performance for different antenna and modulation alphabet settings at low complexities. Random restart reactive tabu search (R3TS): Next, we study receiver algorithms based on reactive tabu search (RTS) technique in large-scale MIMO systems. We propose a multiple random restarts based reactive tabu search (R3TS) algorithm that achieves near-optimal performance in large-scale MIMO systems. A key feature of the proposed R3TS algorithm is its performance based restart criterion, which gives very good performance-complexity tradeoff in large-dimension systems. Lower bound on maximum likelihood (ML) bit error rate (BER) performance: We propose an approach to obtain lower bounds on the ML performance of large-scale MIMO systems using RTS simulation. In the proposed approach, we run the RTS algorithm using the transmitted vector as the initial vector, along with a suitable neighborhood definition, and find a lower bound on number of errors in ML solution. We demonstrate that the proposed bound is tight (within about 0.5 dB of the optimal performance in a 16×16MIMO system) at moderate to high SNRs. Factor graph using Gaussian approximation of interference (FG-GAI): Multiuser MIMO channels can be represented by graphical models that are fully/densely connected (loopy graphs), where conventional belief propagation yields suboptimal performance and requires high complexity. We propose a solution to this problem that uses a simple, yet effective, Gaussian approximation of interference (GAI) approach that carries out a linear per-symbol complexity message passing on a factor graph (FG) based graphical model. The proposed algorithm achieves near-optimal performance in large dimensions in frequency-flat as well as frequency-selective channels. Gaussian sampling based channel estimation: Next, we propose a Gaussian sampling based channel estimation technique for large-scale time-division duplex (TDD) MIMO systems. The proposed algorithm refines the initial estimate of the channel by iteratively detecting the data block and using that knowledge to improve the estimated channel knowledge using a Gaussian sampling based technique. We demonstrate that this algorithm achieves near-optimal performance both in terms of mean square error of the channel estimates and BER of detected data in both frequency-flat and frequency-selective channels. 2. Generalized spatial modulation In the second part of the thesis, we investigate generalized spatial modulation (GSM) in point-to point MIMO systems. GSM is attractive because of its ability to work with less number of transmit RF chains compared to traditional spatial multiplexing, without com-promising much on spectral efficiency. In this work, we show that, by using an optimum combination of number of transmit antennas and number of transmit RF chains, GSM can achieve better throughput and/or BER than spatial multiplexing. We compute tight bounds on the maximum achievable rate in a GSM system, and quantify the percentage savings in the number of transmit RF chains as well as the percentage increase in the rate achieved in GSM compared to spatial multiplexing. We also propose a Gibbs sampling based algorithm suited to detect GSM signals, which yields impressive BER performance and complexity results.

Geothermal energy is the energy naturally present inside the earth crust. When a large volume of hot water and steam is trapped in subsurface porous and permeable rock structure and a convective circulating current is set up, it forms a geothermal reservoir. A geothermal system can be defined as - convective water in the upper crust of earth, which transfers heat from a heat source (in the reservoir) to a heat sink, usually the free surface. A geothermal system is made up of three main elements: a heat source, a reservoir and a fluid, which is the carrier that transfers the heat. As an alternative source of energy geothermal energy has been under attention of the researchers for quite some time. The reason behind this is the existence of several benefits like clean and renewable source of energy which has considerable environmental advantage, with no chemical pollutants or wastes are generated due to geothermal emissions, and the reliability of the power resource. Hence research has been directed in several directions like exploration of geothermal resources, modeling the characteristics of different types of geothermal reservoirs and technologies to extract energy from them. The target of these models has been the prediction of the production of the hot water and steam and thus the estimation of the electricity generating potential of a geothermal reservoir in future years. In a geothermal power plant reinjection of the heat depleted water extracted from the geothermal reservoir has been a common practice for quite some time. This started for safe wastewater disposal and later on the technology was employed to obtain higher efficiency of heat and energy extraction. In most of the cases a very small fraction of the thermal energy present in the reservoir can be recovered without the reinjection of geothermal fluid. Also maintaining the reservoir pressure is essential which gradually reduces due to continuous extraction of reservoir fluid without reinjection, especially for reservoirs with low permeabilities. Although reinjection of cold-water has several benefits, the possibility of premature breakthrough of the cold-water front, from injection well zone to production well zone, reduces the efficiency of the reservoir operation drastically. Hence for maintaining the reservoir efficiency and longer life of the reservoir, the injectionproduction well scheme is to be properly designed and injection and extraction rates are to be properly fixed. Modeling of flow and heat transport in a geothermal reservoir due to reinjection of coldwater has been attempted by several researchers analytically, numerically and experimentally. The analytical models which exist in this field deal mostly with a single injection well model injecting cold-water into a confined homogeneous porous-fractured geothermal reservoir. Often the thermal conductivity is neglected in the analytical study considering it to be negligible which is not always so, as proved in this study. Moreover heterogeneity in the reservoir is also a major factor which has not been considered in any such analytical study. In the field of numerical modeling there also exists a need of a general coupled three-dimensional thermo-hydrogeological model including all the modes of heat transport (advection and conduction), the heat loss to the confining rocks, the regional groundwater flow and the geothermal gradient. No study existing so far reported such a numerical model including those mentioned above. The present study is concerned about modeling the non-isothermal flow and heat transport in a geothermal reservoir due to reinjection of heat depleted water into a geothermal reservoir. Analytical and numerical models are developed here for the transient temperature distributions and advancement of the thermal front in a geothermal reservoir which is generated due to the cold-water injection. First homogeneous geothermal aquifers are considered and later heterogeneities of different kinds are brought into picture. Threedimensional numerical models are developed using a software code DuMux which solves flow and heat transport problems in porous media and can handle both single and multiphase flows. The results derived by the numerical models have been validated using the results from the analytical models derived in this study. Chapter 1 of the thesis gives a brief introduction about different types of geothermal reservoirs, followed by discussion on the governing differential equations, the conceptual model of a geothermal reservoir system, the efficiency of geothermal reservoirs, the modeling and simulation concepts (models construction, boundary conditions, model calibration etc.). Some problems related with geothermal reservoirs and geothermal power is also discussed. The scenario of India in the context having a huge geothermal power potential is described and different potential geothermal sites have been pointed out. In Chapter 2, the concept of reinjection of the heat depleted (cold) water into the geothermal reservoir is introduced. Starting with a brief history of the geothermal reinjection, the chapter describes the purpose and the need of reinjection of geothermal fluid giving examples of different geothermal fields over the world where reinjection has been in practice and benefitted by that. The chapter further discusses on the problems and obstacles faced by the geothermal projects resulting from the geothermal reinjection, most important of which is the thermal-breakthrough and cooling of production wells. Lastly the problem of this thesis is discussed which is to model the transient temperature distribution and the movement of the cold-water thermal front generated due to the reinjection. The need of this modeling is elaborated which represents the motivation of taking up the problem of the thesis. Chapter 3 describes an analytical model developed for the transient temperature in a porous geothermal reservoir due to injection of cold-water. The reservoir is composed of a confined aquifer, sandwiched between rocks of different thermo-geological properties. The heat transport processes considered are advection, longitudinal conduction in the geothermal aquifer, and the conductive heat transfer to the underlying and overlying rocks of different geological properties. The one-dimensional heat transfer equation has been solved using the Laplace transform with the assumption of constant density and thermal properties of both rock and fluid. Two simple solutions are derived afterwards, first neglecting the longitudinal conductive heat transport and then heat transport to confining rocks. The analytical solutions represent the transient temperature distribution in the geothermal aquifer and the confining rocks and model the movement of the cold-water thermal front in them. The results show that the heat transport to the confining rocks plays an influential role in the transient heat transport here. The influence of some parameters, e.g. the volumetric injection rate, the longitudinal thermal conductivity and the porosity of the porous media, on the transient heat transport phenomenon is judged by observing the variation of the transient temperature distribution with different values of the parameters. The effects of injection rate and thermal conductivity have been found to be high on the results. Chapter 4 represents another analytical model for transient temperature distribution in a heterogeneous geothermal reservoir underlain and overlain by impermeable rocks due to injection of cold-water. The heterogeneity of the porous medium is expressed by the spatial variation of the flow velocity and the longitudinal effective thermal conductivity of the medium. Simpler solutions are also derived afterwards first neglecting the longitudinal conduction, then the heat loss to the confining rocks depending on the situation where the contribution of them to the transient heat transport phenomenon in the porous media is negligible. Solution for a homogeneous aquifer with constant values of the rock and fluid parameters is also derived with an aim to compare the results with that of the heterogeneous one. The effect of heat loss to the confining rocks in this case is also determined and the influence of some of the parameters involved, on the transient heat transport phenomenon is assessed by observing the variation of the results with different magnitudes of those parameters. Results show that the heterogeneity plays a major role in controlling the cold-water thermal front movement. The transient temperature distribution in the geothermal reservoir depends on the type of heterogeneity. The heat loss to the confining rocks of the geothermal aquifer also has influence on the heat transport phenomenon. In Chapter 5 another analytical model is derived for a heterogeneous reservoir where the heterogeneous geothermal aquifer considered is a confined aquifer consisted of homogeneous layers of finite length and overlain and underlain by impermeable rock media. All the different layers in the aquifer and the overlying and underlying rocks are of different thermo-hydrogeological properties. Results show that the advancement of the cold-water thermal front is highly influenced by the layered heterogeneity of the aquifer. As the cold-water thermal front encounters layers of different thermo-hydrogeological properties the movement of it changes accordingly. The analytical solution derived here has been compared with a numerical model developed by the multiphysics software code COMSOL which shows excellent agreement with each other. Lastly it is shown that approximation of the properties of a geothermal aquifer by taking mean of the properties of all the layers present will lead to erroneous estimation of the temperature distribution. Chapter 6 represents a coupled three-dimensional thermo-hydrogeological numerical model for transient temperature distribution in a confined porous geothermal aquifer due to cold-water injection. This 3D numerical model is developed for solving more practical problems which eliminate the assumptions taken into account in analytical models. The numerical modeling is performed using a software code DuMux as mentioned before. Besides modeling the three-dimensional transient temperature distribution in the model domain, the chapter investigates the regional groundwater flow has been found to be a very important parameter to consider. The movement of the thermal front accelerates or decelerates depending on the direction of the flow. Influence of a few parameters involved in the study on the transient heat transport phenomenon in the geothermal reservoir domain, namely the injection rate, the permeability of the confining rocks and the thermal conductivity of the geothermal aquifer is also evaluated in this chapter. The models have been validated using analytical solutions derived in this thesis. The results are in very good agreement with each other. In Chapter 7 the main conclusions drawn from the study have been enlisted and the scope of further research is also pointed out.

En se développant, les plantes produisent des organes le long des tiges suivant des organisations stéréotypées, appelées phyllotaxies. Ces structures se forment dans les méristèmes, qui abritent une niche de cellules souches : les organes y sont produits successivement et leur positionnement dépendrait d'interactions dynamiques avec les organes pré-existants. Ces interactions seraient notamment dues à des champs inhibiteurs générés par le transport polaire de l'hormone végétale auxine. Afin de rechercher si d'autres facteurs que l'auxine contrôlent la phyllotaxie chez Arabidopsis thaliana, nous nous sommes intéressés au rôle possible des cytokinines, une autre hormone végétale. Nous avons développé des nouvelles méthodes statistiques pour analyser la structure de la phyllotaxie. Cette approche nous a permis d'identifier des anomalies de phyllotaxie chez des plantes mutantes pour le gène AHP6 (ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER protein 6), un inhibiteur de la signalisation des cytokinines. Notre analyse suggérait des possibles perturbations du plastochrone, la période de temps séparant l'initiation de deux organes, ce que nous avons alors confirmé par imagerie confocale en temps réel. Nos données montrent que AHP6 contrôle la régularité du plastochrone, et suggèrent que les perturbations de phyllotaxies sont dues à l'initiation simultanée de deux à trois organes dans le méristème. De plus, AHP6 est exprimé dans les organes et sa protéine établit des champs qui inhibent la signalisation des cytokinines au delà des organes. Pour mieux comprendre les rôles possibles de ces champs, nous avons généré un modèle numérique théorique de la phyllotaxie. Notre étude suggère que le plastochrone pourrait être déstabilisé par du bruit affectant le seuil d'activation nécessaire aux cellules méristématiques pour se différencier en organe. Des champs inhibiteurs pourraient filtrer les effets de ce bruit en influant sur la cinétique d'émergence des organes. Les propriétés observées des champs de AHP6 sont en accord avec ce modèle et nos données expérimentales suggèrent en effet que AHP6 et les cytokinines peuvent moduler la signalisation auxine lors de l'émergence des organes. Nous proposons comme modèle que le transport et la signalisation de l'auxine positionnent de manière robuste les organes mais génèrent un plastochrone irrégulier en présence de bruit. Des champs inhibiteurs de cytokinines stabiliseraient le plastochrone, assurant un couplage plus robuste entre le temps et l'espace lors de l'établissement de la phyllotaxie. / During development, plant aerial organs are produced along the stems following stereotyped patterns. This so-called phyllotaxis is initiated at the shoot meristem, which contains the stem cell niche: organs are produced iteratively and their precise position is thought to depend on dynamic interactions with preexisting organs. These interactions would notably result from inhibitory fields generated by the polar transport of the plant hormone auxin. To investigate whether other factors than auxin regulate phyllotaxis, we studied the potential role of cytokinin signaling. We developed a new pipeline of methods based on statistics to analyze phyllotactic patterns. This approach allowed us to identify phyllotactic perturbations in mutants of the AHP6 (ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER protein 6), an inhibitor of cytokinin signaling that suggested perturbations in the plastochron, the time between two organ initiations. This was further confirmed using confocal live-imaging. We demonstrated that AHP6 controls the regularity of the plastochron, and our results suggest that the defective phyllotaxis in ahp6 is caused by concomitant initiations of two or three organs in the meristem. Interestingly, AHP6 is expressed in organs and the protein can move beyond these domains, generating cytokinin signaling inhibitory fields. To explore further the putative role of these secondary fields, we generated a mathematical model of phyllotaxis. This suggested that plastochron instabilities could be caused by noise affecting the threshold at which meristematic cells are recruited into organs. Inhibitory fields generated by AHP6 could filter out the effect of noise by modifying the kinetics of early organ emergence. Consistently, the properties of AHP6 fields fit the model predictions and our experimental data show that AHP6 and cytokinin modulate auxin signaling during organ emergence. We thus propose a model in which auxin transport and signaling robustly control organ positioning but generates plastochron instablities in noisy backgrounds. In this scenario cytokinin inhibitory fields would stabilize the rhythmicity of organ initiation, ensuring a robust coupling of space and time during pattern formation.

The concept of smart cities is inherently connected with efficient parking solutions based on the knowledge of individual parking space occupancy. The subject of this paper is the design and implementation of a robust system for analyzing parking space occupancy from a multi-camera system with the possibility of visual overlap between cameras. The system is designed and implemented in Robot Operating System (ROS) and its core consists of two separate classifiers. The more successful, however, a slower option is detection by a deep neural network. A quick interaction is provided by a less accurate classifier of movement with a background model. The system is capable of working in real time on a graphic card as well as on a processor. The success rate of the system on a testing data set from real operation exceeds 95 %.

This thesis deals with the issue of power flow analysis in a medium voltage (22kV) distribution network with a focus on the influence of distributed energy generation recources. At first the issue of operation of distributed energy resources and their reverse effects on the distribution system is presented in the thesis. Furtherly there are described their operational conditions from the legislation point of view. The part dealing with calculation compares two network configurations in terms of power quality and how the power quality is impacted by distributed energy resources. The attention is given to voltage conditions, short-circuit power, power conditions, losses and flicker. The first configuration corresponds to the real situation in the network, the other one is describing the changes after the new 110/22 kV substation implementation to the power supply area and the overal change of network configuration. The network model and run simulation is done using the E-Vlivy program.

Rychlý vývoj v oblasti mobilní informatiky vyústil v nový, alternativní způsob mobilní komunikace, v němž mobilní uzly tvoří samoorganizující se bezdrátovou síť, jíž se říká mobilní síť ad hoc (Mobile Ad hoc Network, MANET). Specifické vlastnosti sítí MANET stavějí návrh síťového protokolu před řadu problémů na všech vrstvách protokolové sady . Příčinou jsou nepředvídatelné změny topologie a mobilní povaha těchto sítí. Nástrojem, který řeší problémy plynoucí z mobility uzlů, je predikce budoucích změn v topologii sítě. To má zásadní význam pro různé úlohy jako přesměrování. Tato disertační práce se zabývá dvěma metodami predikce mobility pro sítě MANET. První metoda se nazývá „predikce mobility s využitím virtuální mapy“ (mobility prediction using virtual map) a předpokládá, že každý uzel si dokáže vybudovat svou virtuální mapu v závislosti na svém umístění v průběhu času. Vyvinutý predikční algoritmus byl implementován do síťového simulátoru NS-2, aby jej bylo možné vyhodnotit. V této práci zkoumám stávající modely mobility a způsob, jakým v nich lze aplikovat tuto metodu predikce. Simulace sledují zlepšení výkonnosti, co se týče průměrného zpoždění na bázi end-to-end, poměru doručených paketů a propustnosti sítě. Navržený koncept predikce byl implementován pomocí směrovacího protokolu AODV(Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector). Pro druhou metodu jsem vyvinula umělou neuronovou síť pro predikci pohybů v sítích MANET. Model pro predikci mobility vznikl na základě dat shromážděných ze vzorců umístění. K učení či trénování ANN byl využit bayesovský přístup. Ten byl implementován v softwaru pro trénování bayesovských neuronových sítí s názvem Model Manager. Nejlepším způsobem hodnocení závěrečného modelu je provedení predikcí a jejich srovnání s cílovými daty. Predikce vznikají na základě 50 vzorců jako vstupních proměnných. Dosažené výsledky prezentované s diskutované v práci se vyznačují zlepšením zásadních parametrů komunikační sítě, jako jsou propustnost, zpoždění, Poměr doručených paketů, až o 30% v porovnání s klasickým směrovacím protokolem AODV, kde není implementován predikční model.

Der vierte Band der wissenschaftlichen Schriftenreihe Eingebettete Selbstorganisierende Systeme widmet sich der Entwicklung von Fehlermodellen für eingebettete, verteilte Multi – Prozessorsysteme. Diese werden zu einem hierarchischen Netzwerk zur Steuerung von Flugzeugen (Avionik) verbunden und mehr und mehr im Automotive Bereich eingesetzt. Hier gilt es höchste Sicherheitsstandards einzuhalten und maximale Verfügbarkeit zu garantieren. Herr Fischer integriert die Modellierung von möglichen Fehlern in den Entwurfsprozess. Auf Grundlage des π-Kalküls entwickelt Herr Fischer ein formales Fehlermodell, das eine einheitliche Modellierung von Fehlerfällen unterstützt. Dabei werden interessante Bezüge zur Bi-Simulation sowie zu Methoden des Modell Checkings hergestellt. Die theoretischen Ergebnisse werden an einem komplexen Beispiel anschaulich illustriert. So kann der Leser die Mächtigkeit des entwickelten Ansatzes nachvollziehen und wird motiviert, die entwickelte Methodik auf weitere Anwendungsfälle zu übertragen. / The 4th volume of the scientific series Eingebettete, selbstorganisierende Systeme (Embedded Self-Organized Systems) outlines the design of fault models for embedded distributed multi processor systems. These multi processor systems will be connected to a hierarchical network to control airplanes (avionics) and also be used more and more in the automotive area. Here it is essential to meet highest safety standards and to ensure the maximum of availability. Mr Fischer integrates the modelling of potential faults into the design process. Based on the pi-calculus, he develops a formal framework, which supports a standardised modelling of faults. Thereby, interesting connections to the Bi-Simulation as well as to methods of the Model checking are established. The theoretical results are depicted on a complex example. So it is possible for the reader to understand the complexity of this approach and is motivated to use the developed methodology in other applications. I am glad that Mr Fischer publishes his important research in this scientific series.