Orientador: Antonio Trajano Menezes Arruda / Banca: Mariana Cláudia Broens / Banca: André Leclerc / Resumo: Este trabalho consiste num esforço para compreender a noção filosófica de identidade pessoal ao longo do tempo. O procedimento para atingir tal compreensão é o de analisar e discutir as principais soluções, encontradas na literatura, que foram propostas para o problema da identidade pessoal. Este problema é descrito como a dificuldade de fundamentar e explicar a nossa crença de que uma pessoa em um dado momento de sua vida e ela em um outro momento são a mesma pessoa, a despeito das grandes alterações biopsicossociais pelas quais ela passa. A primeira solução proposta para este problema é aquela que centra a identidade pessoal em critérios substanciais, que podem ser físicos ou metafísicos. A segunda solução analisada é aquela que recorre à noção de continuidade, seja física, seja psicológica, para buscar explicar como as pessoas permanecem as mesmas ao longo do tempo. Uma terceira solução investigada propõe o entendimento do problema em questão como um problema passível de ser resolvido pela análise linguístico-conceitual; nesta parte, discutimos as seguintes idéias: concepção cética de identidade pessoal, auto-referência, auto-consciência e perspectiva de primeira pessoa. E, por fim, utilizando as noções de auto-organização e de emergência, discutimos as possíveis contribuições da sistêmica na busca de uma solução para o problema. / Abstract: This work consists of an effort to understand the philosophical notion of personal identity over time. The means to reach this understanding is to analyse and to discuss the most important solutions found in the literature that were proposed to the problem of personal identity. This problem is described as the difficulty of grounding and explaining our belief that a person in a given moment of her life and herself in another moment are one and the same person, despite all the great biopsychosocial changes which she undergoes. The first proposed solution to this problem makes substantial criteria, whether physical or metaphysical, central to personal identity. The second solution appeals to the notion of continuity, whether physical or psychological, to explain how people remain the same over time. A third solution suggests that the problem can be solved through linguistic-conceptual analysis; here, we discuss such ideas as the sceptical conception of personal identity, selfreference, self-consciousness and the first-person perspective. And, finally, with the help of the notions of self-organization and emergence, we discuss possible contributions of systemic theory to solving the problem. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:53:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 viana_ca_me_mar.pdf: 1931238 bytes, checksum: 0ab6d79e4636a04ef562ac6fc8ec4c9b (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho consiste num esforço para compreender a noção filosófica de identidade pessoal ao longo do tempo. O procedimento para atingir tal compreensão é o de analisar e discutir as principais soluções, encontradas na literatura, que foram propostas para o problema da identidade pessoal. Este problema é descrito como a dificuldade de fundamentar e explicar a nossa crença de que uma pessoa em um dado momento de sua vida e ela em um outro momento são a mesma pessoa, a despeito das grandes alterações biopsicossociais pelas quais ela passa. A primeira solução proposta para este problema é aquela que centra a identidade pessoal em critérios substanciais, que podem ser físicos ou metafísicos. A segunda solução analisada é aquela que recorre à noção de continuidade, seja física, seja psicológica, para buscar explicar como as pessoas permanecem as mesmas ao longo do tempo. Uma terceira solução investigada propõe o entendimento do problema em questão como um problema passível de ser resolvido pela análise linguístico-conceitual; nesta parte, discutimos as seguintes idéias: concepção cética de identidade pessoal, auto-referência, auto-consciência e perspectiva de primeira pessoa. E, por fim, utilizando as noções de auto-organização e de emergência, discutimos as possíveis contribuições da sistêmica na busca de uma solução para o problema. / This work consists of an effort to understand the philosophical notion of personal identity over time. The means to reach this understanding is to analyse and to discuss the most important solutions found in the literature that were proposed to the problem of personal identity. This problem is described as the difficulty of grounding and explaining our belief that a person in a given moment of her life and herself in another moment are one and the same person, despite all the great biopsychosocial changes which she undergoes. The first proposed solution to this problem makes substantial criteria, whether physical or metaphysical, central to personal identity. The second solution appeals to the notion of continuity, whether physical or psychological, to explain how people remain the same over time. A third solution suggests that the problem can be solved through linguistic-conceptual analysis; here, we discuss such ideas as the sceptical conception of personal identity, selfreference, self-consciousness and the first-person perspective. And, finally, with the help of the notions of self-organization and emergence, we discuss possible contributions of systemic theory to solving the problem.

Abstract The aim of this paper was to study social workers experience of working with clients that do not have an occupation or who have earlier lacked an occupation and the subsequent work towards change. This study was conducted with a qualitative method. The empirical data is based on five interviews with professional social workers and the result has been analyzed based on systematic theory. The analysis resulted in four different themes; working methods, the process of change, obstacles in the change process and distinctive groups. The result show that the social workers use a variety of working methods in their daily work with clients, such as motivational-, goal-oriented-, empathetic working methods, different kinds of treatment work and by creating a good work alliance with the client. Obstacles that the social workers experience in their work with clients towards change include inadequate cooperation, shame, resources, and the client's negative attitude. The result also show that the respondents of the study agree that participation and a perceived meaningfulness of the client are crucial for the outcome of the work. Another thing that appears in the result is the presence of groups of individuals who are distinguished regarding certain topics. These groups of individuals may be more difficult to motivate than other individuals within the target group or there may be circumstances surrounding the individual, such as alcohol or drug abuse, which makes it difficult to achieve a change. Our conclusion is that the key to successful change is communication and participation. A positive consequence of the client's involvement in (part of) the decision making during the change process means that he or she experiences a sense of meaning with what is happening, which proved to be very important for a successful outcome of the work. Keywords: occupation, mental health, systematic theory / Sammanfattning Syftet med studien var att studera socialarbetares erfarenheter av att möta klienter som saknar eller har saknat sysselsättning samt det påföljande förändringsarbetet. Studien är genomförd med en kvalitativ metod. Empirin baseras på intervjuer med fem yrkesverksamma socialarbetare och resultatet har analyserats utifrån ett systemteoretiskt perspektiv. Analysen utmynnade i fyra olika teman; arbetssätt, förändringsprocessen, hinder i förändringsprocessen samt utmärkande grupper. Resultatet visar att respondenterna i sitt dagliga klientarbete använder sig av en rad olika arbetssätt, så som motiverande-, målfokuserat-, behandlande- och inkännande arbetssätt samt vikten av att skapa en bra arbetsallians med klienten. Hinder som respondenterna upplever i förändringsarbetet med klienterna är bland annat bristfällig samverkan, skam, resurser samt klientens negativa inställning. Resultatet visar även att studiens respondenter är överens om att delaktighet och en av klienten upplevd meningsfullhet är avgörande för arbetets utgång. Ytterligare något som framkommer i resultatet är förekomsten av grupper av individer som utmärker sig rörande vissa frågor. Dessa grupper av individer kan vara svårare att motivera än övriga individer inom den studerade målgruppen eller så kan det finnas andra omständigheter kring individen, till exempel missbruk, som gör det svårt att kunna uppnå en förändring. Vår slutsats är att nyckeln till ett lyckat förändringsarbete är kommunikation och delaktighet. En positiv följd av att klienten själv får vara delaktig i (en del av) de beslut som tas under förändringsprocessen medför att han eller hon i större grad upplever en meningsfullhet med det som händer och sker vilket visat sig vara mycket viktigt för ett lyckat resultat av arbetet. Nyckelord: sysselsättning, psykiskt mående, systemteori

No description available.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur professionella som är verksamma inom socialtjänst, äldrevård och HVB-hem arbetar med individer som visar tecken på kognitiv svikt, demens och alkoholmissbruk. Datainsamlingsmetoden utgjordes av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Sex (6) intervjuer genomfördes totalt och transkriberades sedan ordagrant. Det insamlade materialet analyserades sedan genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Det analyserade materialet tolkades sedan genom den socialekologiska systemteorin. Vissa delar av resultatet från intervjuerna visar att kunskapsbristen inom området skapar olika förutsättningar för arbetsgruppen. Andra delar visade även positiva och negativa exempel på samverkan mellan olika verksamheter. Dessutom visade resultatet även hur politiska beslut och avsaknaden av evidens kan orsaka förändrade förutsättningar för de professionellas arbete. Sammanfattningsvis visade resultaten vikten av samverkan i en kontext där klientens behov kan erbjudas av flera olika verksamheter. Dessutom visade även resultatet hur verksamheterna påverkas av både kunskapsbrister och svårigheter med att samla in evidens. Det kan även föreligga ett behov att reflektera över tidigare socialt arbete för att förstå hur framtidens sociala arbete eventuellt kan förbättras. / The purpose of this study is to examine how professional employees working at social work offices and care homes experience possible opportunities and obstacles while working with individuals showing signs of both cognitive impairment, dementia and the misuse of alcohol. The method of which the material was collected was through semi-structured interviews. In total, six (6) interviews were conducted and later transcribed verbatim. The material was compiled through qualitative content analysis. The compiled material was then later analysed through the social ecological systematic theory. Some of the contents provided through the interviews showed a lack of knowledge regarding the work surrounding the group mentioned above. Other parts of the interview showed both positive and negative examples within cooperation between multiple organisations. The contents also gave examples of how the work is affected by political decisions and also obstructed by the lack of evidence surrounding the group. In conclusion, the results showed how crucial cooperation can be in a context where the afflicted is in need of several instances of help from several different organisations. Moreover, the results also showed a lack in both knowledge and the acquiring of evidence. There may also be a need to reflect on earlier social work to see how future social work can be improved.

Cette recherche présente une méthode d'analyse micro-systémique des mots composés thaïs. Le but denotre étude est de trouver une réponse au questionnement suivant « existe-t- il une voie qui permette de traduireautomatiquement les mots thaïs vers le français avec un résultat parfait ? ». Ce travail est divisé en cinqchapitres. La première partie concerne une histoire brève de la traduction automatique dont celle du thaï. Lespoints de vue des autres travaux sont étudiés. Le deuxième chapitre présente les caractéristiques de la langue thaïe qui possède une forme d’écriture typique sans espacement et peut entrainer des difficultés en termes d’ambiguïté dans la traduction. Certaines divergences entre le thaï et le français sont soulignées à l’aide de la théorie micro-systémique du Centre Tesnière. Le troisième chapitre fait l’étude des mots composés thaïs en utilisant une méthode hybride de l’analyse morphosyntaxique et notre système à base de règles conformes à notre modèle d'analyse de données. Le quatrième chapitre met en évidence un contrôle modélisé des unités lexicales codées syntaxiquement et sémantiquement afin d’en définir des algorithmes efficaces. Le dernier chapitre conclut sur les résultats des nouveaux algorithmes par leur informatisation. Sont enfin énoncées les perspectives ouvertes par cette nouvelle recherche. Cette étude est présentée comme un travail fiable à l’élimination des ambiguïtés. Fondée sur une méthode hybride, elle nous a permis d’atteindre notre objectif et de trouver ainsi une voie efficace qui nous autorise à traduire automatiquement les mots thaïs vers le français. Le résultat place cet outil comme l’un des plus accessibles à la recherche internationale où le thaï et le français prennent leurs places de choix / This thesis presents a method of Micro-Systemic Linguistic Analysis of Thai compound words. The aim of our study is to find out: “Is there any method which allows us to translate Thai words into French automatically with a perfect result?” Our work is divided into five chapters as follows : The first chapter concerns a brief a history of machine translation including that of the Thai. Some notable points of view are discussed. The second chapter identifies some essential characteristics of the Thai language such as a non-space writing style resulted in ambiguity in machine translation. Different entities between Thai and French languages are underlined by means of the micro-systematic theory of the Centre Tesnière. The third chapter analyses Thai compound words using a hybrid method involving morpho-syntactic parsing and a rule-based system corresponding to our model of data analysis. The fourth chapter employs a technique of lexical-syntactic and semantic control enabling the definition of efficient algorithms. The final chapter concludes our work with some future perspectives. This study is presented as a reliable approach which enhances the elimination of word ambiguities in machine translation. This hybrid method allows us to reach our objective and to find an effective way to translate Thai to French automatically. The result could be an accessible tool for international research in the Thai and French languages