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[en] OIL AND GAS INDUSTRIAL CLUSTER IN THE CAMPOS BASIN PRODUCTIVE REGION: KNOWLEDGE LINKAGES AND TECHNOLOGICAL POSTURE OF THE FIRMS / [pt] AGLOMERAÇÃO INDUSTRIAL DE PETRÓLEO E GÁS DA REGIÃO PRODUTORA DA BACIA DE CAMPOS: CONEXÕES DE CONHECIMENTO E POSTURAS TECNOLÓGICAS DAS FIRMASBRUNO DOS SANTOS SILVESTRE 19 June 2006 (has links)
[pt] O objetivo central desta tese é investigar a aglomeração
industrial de
petróleo e gás da região produtora da Bacia de Campos (BC)
e a possibilidade
desta concentração geográfica de firmas, independente de
suas diversas
nomenclaturas (cluster, milieu, redes, distritos
industriais, arranjos, sistemas
locais, entre outras), consistir em fator que contribui
para as atividades inovadoras
das empresas ali situadas. Os fundamentos desta pesquisa
baseiam-se em duas
vertentes distintas: uma vertente teórica e uma vertente
empírica. A vertente
teórica consiste em um modelo analítico híbrido que
combina elementos das
abordagens de clusters e de sistemas de inovação. A
vertente empírica está
baseada em dez estudos de caso em firmas localizadas na
aglomeração, cujos bens
e serviços são de alta complexidade tecnológica e que
atuam em áreas de intenso
dinamismo tecnológico. Duas dimensões-chave, originadas do
modelo híbrido,
formam a base do modelo de análise empírico: as conexões
de conhecimento entre
os atores (proveniente da abordagem de cluster) e a
postura das firmas em relação
à tecnologia (proveniente da abordagem de sistema de
inovação). As
contribuições deste trabalho estão centradas na
caracterização da aglomeração
industrial, sob o prisma da complexidade e do dinamismo
tecnológico, e nos
resultados do estudo empírico que apontam para a
existência de grupos de firmas
nos quais a aglomeração industrial exerce papel
fundamental para as atividades
inovadoras das firmas. / [en] The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the
oil and gas industrial
agglomeration in the Campos Basin (BC) production region
verifying the
possibility of this geographical cluster of firms,
independent of its nomenclatures
(cluster, milieus, network, industrial district,
arrangements, local systems, and
others), to consist in a feature that contributes to the
innovative activities of the
firms localized there. The fundaments of this research are
based on two different
paths: a theoretical and an empirical one. The theoretical
path consists in a hybrid
analytical model combining elements from the cluster and
innovation systems
approach. The empirical path is based on ten case studies
with firms localized in
the agglomeration, supplying goods and services which are
technologically
complex, and acting in areas with intense technological
dynamism. Two keydimensions,
originated from the hybrid model, are the base of the
empirical
analytical model: the knowledge linkages between actors
(from the cluster
approach) and the posture of the firms in relation to
technology (from the
innovation systems approach). The main contributions of
this work are centred on
the industrial agglomeration characterization, under the
technological complexity
and dynamism features, and on the results of the empirical
study showing
evidences for the existence of some groups of firms where
the industrial
agglomeration plays a fundamental role for their
innovative activities.
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AS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE INCENTIVO À INOVAÇÃO NO GOVERNO DE GOIÁS (2015-2018)Carvalho, Ana Luíza Souza 26 April 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-04-26 / The State of Goiás in the period 2015-2018 has created a program called "Inova
Goiás", which intends to transform the state into Brazil's third largest innovation
platform. Supported by this program, the State Government has launched a slogan
"Goiás Estado Inovador" that brings the idea that Goiás intends to be innovative.
Innovation is a contemporary theme, Joseph Shumpeter, father of innovation says
that economic development can only exist through innovation. Because "Inova
Goiás" is a public policy, the theoretical analysis developed by Mariana Mazzucato
was important for understanding the role of the State in innovation systems, and
consequently to understand Goiás in this innovation dynamic. Goiás is a Brazilian
state that has no tradition of innovation and technology, and for that to happen
structural changes must take place, so that the state can be innovative. The present
study aims to analyze the program "Inova Goiás", in its proposals, goals, budget
forecasts, a verification of the progress of the program, in order to analyze which
actions proposed in the program were executed, how much resource was assigned
to The program, and whether the program has succeeded as a public innovation
policy. / Goiás é um estado brasileiro que não possui tradição em inovação e tecnologia.
Assim, visando mudar esse quadro, o governo estadual criou, para o período de
2015 a 2018, o programa Inova Goiás, que pretende transformar o estado na
terceira maior plataforma de inovação do Brasil. Pelo fato de o programa consistir
em uma política pública, a análise teórica desenvolvida por Mariana Mazzucato foi
importante para a compreensão do papel do Estado nos sistemas de inovação, e,
consequentemente, para entender Goiás nessa dinâmica. A par dessas
considerações, objetivou-se, nesta dissertação, analisar o Inova Goiás em suas
propostas, metas e previsões orçamentárias. Para tanto, procedeu-se a uma
verificação do andamento do programa, analisando a execução das ações
propostas, os recursos designados, e se o programa tem conseguido obter êxito
enquanto política pública de inovação.
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Systems of innovation : case study on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) organisations' knowledge & capability developments through collaborationsLai, Robert January 2014 (has links)
Chinese medicine is one of China's key national assets, an indigenous medical knowledge and practices that serves Chinese for thousands of years. As very little research has been focused on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) from systems of innovation perspective, the topic of study was chosen. This qualitative case study research introduces, defines and explores how TCM organisations collaborate to innovate from an evolutionary, interactive system perspective. In particular, the focus is on the development of knowledge and capabilities related to TCM drug research and production. Thirty one TCM organisation cases were analysed and presented in this study, interpreting their behaviour in terms of ideas drawn mainly from the literatures on systems of innovation, collaboration between organisations and resource (knowledge) based theory of the firm. Actors such as government play various roles in facilitating organisational and sectoral innovation processes. 'Various policy instruments', in particular research funding and institutions (e.g., standards and regulations) were used to enhance innovation and production. Various forms of collaborative networks were found among key actors: enterprises, universities, research organisations and end users. They contribute to the active innovation processes of 'Identification, Selection, Integration and Creation' of tangible and intangible outcomes and changes. Based on the research, new insights were derived as to how indigenous resources (defined as original and/or traditional knowledge and capabilities) may lead to indigenous innovation. This thesis contributes to the academic understanding of systems of innovation operating in the context of indigenous product and related process developments with reference to various actors interplaying in complex networks (systems) of collaborations. New understandings made on the processes of indigenous innovation (using TCM as a case) through investigating the actors' roles, inter-relations and their restless attempts to identify opportunities and problems, select and integrate different indigenous, scientific, technological and managerial knowledge, capabilities, resources and institutions, to create value that may 'fit' in evolutionary terms, the demand of the key actors in the sector.
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A comparative analysis of mobile payment sectoral systems of innovation and service innovation between the United Kingdom and IndiaWebb, Heather Christine January 2014 (has links)
The financial services industry is one of the most rapidly growing industries worldwide. Although mobile payment (m-payment) systems have generated a lot of hype, not all supportive infrastructures are in place where one firm’s service can be applied globally. Technology has provoked major changes in this industry with how firms operate and innovate as well as how they adapt their business models. Additionally, how services expand and understanding the ways new services are developed in different countries are becoming increasingly relevant. This qualitative, multidisciplinary study compares the sectoral system of innovation (SSI) and service innovation of m-payment systems between a developed country, the United Kingdom (UK), and a developing country, India. The dissertation draws upon 27 original interviews in the UK and India in order to analyse and identify the drivers of innovation. The analytical framework is designed for a firm-level analysis where variables affecting the resources and capabilities act as a way of integrating knowledge and influencing the innovation process. The main research questions are: how does a diverse SSI shape business models within the m-payment systems; why and to what extent do the processes of service innovation differ between m-payment systems as explained in the UK and India? The SSI approach links innovation to the interactions of the different actors in the economy and the system. Innovation is either the process of creating or the recombining of knowledge for some new use to become an outcome of that process. Innovation does not sit within the boundaries of an organization nor does it sit neatly at one level, but instead it is a multifaceted construct. Thirteen case studies are employed with the main industries being banking, telecommunications and technology. A thematic analysis is applied in using an inductive, exploratory approach from an interpretive perspective. The outcomes of interpretism are helpful in presenting an understanding of the causal mechanisms of innovation through a theoretical framework of resource-based view (RBV) and knowledge-based view (KBV). Findings from the research will show a lack of an all-encompassing and exhaustive perspective of m-payment systems. A hindrance of innovation has caused a fundamental problem identified in the UK showcasing a lack of strong innovative, specific institutions; while in India, poorly managed implementation of institutions has led to strengthening of cognitive institutions amongst firms. In particular, innovation in emerging fields that have yet to reach their technological maturity is just as strong in developing countries as compared to developed countries. Furthermore, innovation happens in developing countries through processes that are more complex than originally conceptualized. The contribution to the theoretical understanding of innovation is two-fold. Firstly, in researching mobile financial systems in a developed and developing country, an m-financial SSI framework is constructed that is usable by policy-makers, analysts and firms exploring their value chain positioning. Secondly, the research emphasises the importance of integrating firms’ activity (including new product and service design) into integrated service systems since the particular nature of these systems for m-payments varies between contexts. Therefore, the research helps to show how m-payment systems vary and in particular what are the drivers of innovation between a developed and developing context. Thus, existing theory needs to take into consideration the possibility that emerging market firms are perhaps more innovative than developed countries, and as a consequence, future research should address this with caution. For management practice, the research has shown that there is still not a complete model in explaining the performance of firm level innovation. For practitioners, innovation and technological development needs to get better at interoperability with users and merchants. Furthermore, business models will need to evolve from limited proprietary solutions towards cooperation and standardised solutions if there are to be successful, global firms.
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Kunskap och innovation i ett moget kluster : En ekonomisk-geografisk studie av aluminiumindustrin i Småland-Blekinge / Knowledge and Innovation in a Mature Cluster : An Economic-Geographical Study of the Aluminium Product Cluster in Småland and Blekinge, SwedenLagerholm, Magnus January 2007 (has links)
<p>The thesis aims at understanding mechanisms behind knowledge generation and learning in a mature cluster by analysing firms in south-east Sweden engaged in the development and manufacturing of aluminium products. The point of departure is in concepts and assumptions related to spatially concen-trated systems of similar and related firms and industries, such as agglomera-tions, clusters or innovation systems.</p><p>Three sets of empirical analyses have been conducted: a mail survey, a series of in-depth interviews and a register-based analysis. The analyses focus on three themes: inter-firm relations, the embeddedness of the clustered firms in the region, and the role of labour and labour mobility in cluster development. </p><p>It is shown that also in a rather mature and low-tech cluster, firm competi-tiveness rests on continuous knowledge upgrading and innovation. In general terms, firms in this cluster do have business relations with other firms at all different spatial scales. While there are manifold buyer-supplier relations within the cluster, most firms have their most important linkages outside the region. The firms regard themselves as part of a cluster and various mecha-nisms contribute to this. There is a strong sense of trust and loyalty, and this applies in particular to those engaged either in some of the more organized supplier networks or the regional cluster initiative Aluminiumriket. Finally, the cluster does not seem to constitute a very fluid labour market for special-ised skills. Labour mobility between firms in this particular cluster seems to be fairly low.</p>
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Kunskap och innovation i ett moget kluster : En ekonomisk-geografisk studie av aluminiumindustrin i Småland-Blekinge / Knowledge and Innovation in a Mature Cluster : An Economic-Geographical Study of the Aluminium Product Cluster in Småland and Blekinge, SwedenLagerholm, Magnus January 2007 (has links)
The thesis aims at understanding mechanisms behind knowledge generation and learning in a mature cluster by analysing firms in south-east Sweden engaged in the development and manufacturing of aluminium products. The point of departure is in concepts and assumptions related to spatially concen-trated systems of similar and related firms and industries, such as agglomera-tions, clusters or innovation systems. Three sets of empirical analyses have been conducted: a mail survey, a series of in-depth interviews and a register-based analysis. The analyses focus on three themes: inter-firm relations, the embeddedness of the clustered firms in the region, and the role of labour and labour mobility in cluster development. It is shown that also in a rather mature and low-tech cluster, firm competi-tiveness rests on continuous knowledge upgrading and innovation. In general terms, firms in this cluster do have business relations with other firms at all different spatial scales. While there are manifold buyer-supplier relations within the cluster, most firms have their most important linkages outside the region. The firms regard themselves as part of a cluster and various mecha-nisms contribute to this. There is a strong sense of trust and loyalty, and this applies in particular to those engaged either in some of the more organized supplier networks or the regional cluster initiative Aluminiumriket. Finally, the cluster does not seem to constitute a very fluid labour market for special-ised skills. Labour mobility between firms in this particular cluster seems to be fairly low.
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An investigation into the connections between new ICTs, universities, and poverty reduction. : A comparative study of SIDA-SAREC ICT projects at universities in Tanzania and NicaraguaBrodén, Veronica January 2005 (has links)
There has been an increased focus on ICT-related projects in development cooperation in the last decade based on the assumption that ICTs expands opportunities for economic growth as well as for poverty reduction. This is also the case with the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA). I wanted to better understand the reasoning behind the increased focus on ICT. Specifically I have chosen to look at SIDA’s policies and projects with universities in Tanzania and Nicaragua to understand how different stakeholders perceive that increased ICT use at universities can affect poverty reduction. Some questions guiding my research are: In what ways can these ICT investments meet the development goals of SIDA, and might do these ICT investments theoretically fit into a national system of innovation?
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Varieties Of Capitalism And National Systems Of Innovation: A New Perspective On The Convergence DebateKaraoguz, Huseyin Emrah 01 July 2012 (has links) (PDF)
The main objective of this thesis is to propose a new perspective in terms of the convergence debate as it is discussed in varieties-of-capitalism (VoC) literature. The initial configuration of VoC stance as well as a part of the literature foresees the convergence of hybrids to a liberal market economy. By revisiting the core arguments of national-systems-of-innovation approach as well as the elaborations of the various critiques of VoC stance, we will propose the opposite. If we are to take &lsquo / innovation&rsquo / as a starting-point of analysis and favor government intervention with respect to it, hybrids are more likely to converge to a political economy that resembles more a coordinated-one. However the meanings of the key terms such as &lsquo / coordinated-market-economy&rsquo / and &lsquo / convergence&rsquo / will be re-evaluated to be able to provide an adequate standpoint in terms of the convergence debate.
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Community-based innovation dynamics in the water supply and sanitation (wss)sectorCatalan, Pablo 03 July 2012 (has links)
For most of the one billion people living in extreme poverty worldwide, access to an adequate water supply and basic sanitation (WSS) is limited, resulting in substantial health, economic and social burdens. Although the international community has actively explored solutions to this crisis, primarily focusing on bottom-up approaches in which the beneficiaries participate in the design and implementation of their own WSS solutions, significant problems remain. Innovation presents an important source of feasible solutions in this sector for those in need, but insufficient study exists to allow scholars to determine the dynamics that trigger WSS innovation. In light of the recent emphasis on a bottom-up approach to water issues and the dearth of analysis with regard to the role WSS innovation plays in seeking solutions, the present dissertation sets out to explore innovation dynamics in relation to the establishment of rural Water Supply and Sanitation Community-Based (WSS-CB). The answer comes through an application of a qualitative methodology that focuses on the implementation of two publicly-run and sustainability-oriented programs - the Blue Flag Ecological Program (BFEP) and the Sanitarian Quality Seal Program (SQSP) - in three rural communities in Costa Rica. A theoretical model based on the conceptual frameworks of Systems of Innovation (SI), Community Based/Community Management (CB/CM), and the Institutional Analysis Development (IAD) theory is proposed, including two set of hypotheses addressing the contribution of two independent variables, the participation of the community and the capacity of the community, to local sustainability and local learning. The results show that the dynamics relating to leadership and a sense of ownership do, in fact, affect both dependent variables and further identify participation and interaction at decision-making and social venues as innovation drivers.
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Determinants of innovation for Australian-invented medical patents and the case of the VenousAid StockingMattes, Eugen January 2004 (has links)
[Truncated abstract] Technological innovation is considered the main contributor to economic growth. The systems of innovation framework aims to examine the causal pathways leading to technological innovation. However, most existing research under this framework, due to theoretical or methodological weaknesses, is unable to validate causal pathways or determinants of innovation. Institutions that guide human interaction within innovation systems are thought to be particularly important. The challenge has been to develop a taxonomy with which to conduct an empirical analysis of the impact of the institutional milieu on innovation. This thesis examines medical technological innovation within Australia and provides a basis from which such a taxonomy and other associated measures for systems of innovation have been developed. Medical industries are economically significant in developed countries and are amongst the most profitable worldwide. They use patents extensively to protect their innovations. In this context medical patents are an efficient means of examining the determinants of innovation. Few studies worldwide have explored the commercialisation process from patent to technological innovation and none has examined medical patents specifically. This thesis contains three empirical studies: - a description of Australian medical technology patented in the US between 1984-1999; - a survey of their inventors to examine the commercialisation process and identify the determinants of technological innovation; and - a case study of the commercialisation of an invention arising within an Australian university using qualitative methods. The first study is a population-based descriptive study of all US medical patents granted to Australian resident inventors between 1984 and 1999. During this period 7,835 US patents were granted to Australian resident inventors. Of these, 17% are identified as medical, and the proportion of medical patents rose from 10% to 25% of all Australian patents in the US from 1984 to 1999. The increase is largely due to Australian biotechnology patents, which increased from 10% to 55% of all medical patents during this period. Overall, medical patents are an increasingly significant proportion of Australia’s intellectual property portfolio. The second study is a survey of 402 first-named Australian inventors listed on the 602 medical patents granted in the US in 1984-1994. The aim is to assess their experience and success in commercialising their patented inventions. The correct address was found for 274 inventors of whom 177 (65%) were surveyed with no evidence of a significant response bias. This is the first known study surveying a nationally representative sample of medical inventors listed on patents
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