Spelling suggestions: "subject:"systemteori"" "subject:"systemteorin""
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Fast mellan stolarna : En systemteoretisk studie av några lärares uppfattningar av möjligheter och hinder vid individintegrering i grundskolanEfe, Liza, Lundin, Anna January 2023 (has links)
I Sverige har Skolverket haft ambitionen att främja inkludering genom att uppmuntra differentierad undervisning och extra anpassningar för de elever som behöver. Samtidigt har elever med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning (IF) rätt att integreras i grundskolan, även om vi har en tradition av att placera dem i anpassad skola, där också en majoritet av eleverna med IF går. Detta väcker frågan om hur de lärare som undervisar dessa elever uppfattar situationen runt den integrerade eleven. Vi genomförde en intervjustudie med 14 lärare som undervisar elever med IF tillsammans med elever utan IF, i grundskola eller anpassad grundskola. De huvudsakliga teman vi fann, var att attityder på alla systemnivåer är avgörande för lärarnas uppfattning om individintegreringens möjligheter, att lärmiljöns förutsättningar uppges som en påverkansfaktor samt att det finns ett upplevt utbildnings- och kunskapsbehov, som omfattar både arbetet med individanpassad undervisning och den elevkategori som studien omfattar: elever med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning. Vår systemteoretiska analys och jämförelse med tidigare forskning väcker tankar gällande samstämmigheten i inkluderingsambitionen och enhetligheten i implementeringen av inkluderande verktyg i svensk skola. Slutsatsen från vår begränsade studie var att lärare behöver mycket stöd i sitt arbete med individintegrering.
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Rektorer och specialpedagogers uppfattningar om specialpedagogens roll i en organisation med tvålärarskap / Principals and special educators' perception of the special educator's role in an organization with co-teachingKlein, Camilla, Pantzar, Cecilia January 2023 (has links)
Syftet med denna studie var att bidra med kunskap om specialpedagogens yrkesroll i en organisation med tvålärarskap, utifrån vilka förutsättningar rektor ger och vilken funktion specialpedagogen får i organisationen. Genom en kvalitativ metod, där semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med rektorer och specialpedagoger, analyserades resultat med stöd av systemteorin. Resultatet av intervjuerna visade att specialpedagogens roll i ett tvålärarskap kan se olika ut och formas utifrån lokala förutsättningar och relationer i högre grad än examensordningen. Både rektorer och specialpedagoger gav bilden av att specialpedagogen i en organisation med tvålärarskap främst agerar på grupp- och individnivå med undervisande och handledande uppdrag gentemot allmänlärarna. Slutsatsen av studien var att specialpedagogen i en organisation med tvålärarskap verkar på organisations-, grupp- och individnivå i olika stor omfattning. Viktiga faktorer som tid, relationer och mandat framkom för hur specialpedagogens roll formas i en organisation med tvålärarskap. Som vidare forskning skulle det vara av intresse att genomföra studien med ett större urval eller utifrån ett elevperspektiv där effekten för elever i behov av stöd studeras.
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En ny ledarnivå i skolans hierarki : En kvalitativ studie om hur en lärarledarroll beskrivs i praktikenWaern, Anneli January 2024 (has links)
Syftet var att utifrån ett systemteoretiskt perspektiv undersöka hur lärarledare beskriver sitt uppdrag i relation till lärarkollegor och skolledning, för att skapa en djupare förståelse av hur ett lärarledarskap konstrueras i praktiken. Empirin utgjordes av fokusgruppintervjuer som genomfördes med lärare som blivit tilldelade lärarledarrollen i samband med deltagande i ett forsknings- och utvecklingsprogram. Genom att använda ett systemteoretiskt perspektiv studerade jag hur den nyinsatta lärarledarrollen förhöll sig till andra nivåer i systemet, skolorganisationen. Resultaten visar att lärarledarna tog ansvar för att samtliga på deras skolor skulle utveckla sin undervisning. De beskrev sin roll som en del i processen att driva undervisningsutveckling. Analysen visade att en utmaning för lärarledarna var hur de skulle motivera och engagera lärarkollegor som var negativa till den förändringsprocess de ledde. Studiens slutsats blev att eftersom lärarledarrollen utgjorde en ny nivå i systemet fanns fortfarande en osäkerhet kring vad rollen omfattade och var gränsen mot lärarnivån gick. Att lärarledarrollen ingick i organisationsupplägget för ett FoU-program bidrog till att etablera relationer till andra nivåer, vilket främjade lärarledarnas förutsättningar att leda sina kollegor. Rektors ledarskap och engagemang var centralt för hur väl lärarledare skulle lyckas i sin roll och med sitt uppdrag.
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A Heuristic Method for Routing Snowplows After SnowfallSochor, Jana, Yu, Cecilia January 2004 (has links)
<p>Sweden experiences heavy snowfall during the winter season and cost effective road maintenance is significantly affected by the routing of snowplows. The routing problem becomes more complex as the SwedishNational Road Administration (Vägverket) sets operational requirements such as satisfying a time window for each road segment. </p><p>This thesis focuses on route optimization for snowplows after snowfall; to develop and implement an algorithm for finding combinations of generated routes which minimize the total cost. The results are compared to those stated in the licentiate thesis by Doctoral student Nima Golbaharan (2001). </p><p>The algorithm calculates a lower bound to the problem using a Lagrangian master problem. A common subgradient approach is used to find near-optimal dual variables to be sent to a column-generation program which returns routes for the snowplows. A greedy heuristic chooses a feasible solution, which gives an upper bound to the problem. This entire process is repeated as needed. </p><p>This method for routing snowplows produces favorable results with a relatively small number of routes and are comparable to Golbaharan's results. An interesting observation involves the allocation of vehicles in which certain depots were regularly over- or under-utilized. This suggests that the quantity and/or distribution of available vehicles may not be optimal.</p>
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Bestämning av optimal fordonspark -Distribution av bitumen vid Nynäs AB / A vehicle fleet sizing problem -distribution of bitumen at Nynas ABHjort, Mattias January 2005 (has links)
<p>Nynas produces bitumen at two refineries in Sweden. The bitumen is shipped to seven depots along the swedish coast line, and from the depots special trucks handle the transportation to customers. Recently Nynas has transformed its supply chain and closed down a few depots. At the moment the company is considering a further reduction of the number of depots. In connection to these discussions an analyse of the companys distributionsystem and of possible changes is required. In this thesis an optimization model is developed that simulates Nynas distribution of bitumen from the depots to the customers. The model is used to investigate the required vehicle fleet size for a number of different scenarios, that is with different depots closed down. The question to be answered is, thus, what depots could be closed without any dramatic increase in the required vehicle fleet size? Scenarios where customers are allocated an increased storage capacity are also studied. </p><p>The distribution model that is developed is an inventory route planning problem. It is solved by column generation. Each column represents a route and is generated by a subproblem with restrictions on permitted working hours for the truck drivers. Integer solutions are generated heuristically. </p><p>Simulations that have been performed with the model reveals interesting differences concerning how the distribution is handled in different parts of Sweden. In western Sweden the transportation planning works well, but the distribution in the central parts of the country could be planned in a better way. Results from simulations also show that the depots in Norrköping and Västerås could be closed down without increasing the vehicle fleet. Probably, the existing vehicle fleet size will be sufficient even with the Kalmar-depot closed down. Nevertheless, Nynas transportation suppliers will have to purchase new vehicles if the Sandarne-depot is to be closed. </p><p>Another interesting conclusion that can be drawn from this thesis is that there is a potential for reducing the vehicle fleet size if the storage capacity is increased at a few chosen customers. A considerably small increase in the storage capacity at a few big customers that are located far from the depots will have a great effect.</p>
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Bilevel stochastic programming problems: Analysis and application to telecommunicationsWerner, Adrian January 2005 (has links)
<p>We analyse several facets of bilevel decision problems under uncertainty. These problems can be interpreted as an extension of stochastic programming problems where part of the uncertainty is attributed to the behaviour of another actor.</p><p>The field of decision making under uncertainty with bilevel features is quite new and most approaches focus on the interactions and relations between the decision makers. In contrast to these studies, the approach of bilevel stochastic programming pursued here stresses the stochastic programming aspect of the problem formulation. The framework enables a direct application of stochastic programming concepts and solution methods to the bilevel relationship between the actors. Thus more complex problem structures can be studied and the aspect of uncertainty can be treated adequately.</p><p>Our analysis covers both theoretical and more practically oriented issues. We study different formulations of one and two stage bilevel stochastic programming problems and state necessary optimality conditions for each of the problem instances. Additionally we present a solution algorithm utilising a stochastic quasi-gradient method. A further study is concerned with the uniqueness of the minima of a convex stochastic programming problem with uncertainty about the decision variables. We state conditions on the distribution of the parameters representing the uncertainty such that the minima of the optimisation problem are unique. We formulate a model of competition and collaboration of two different types of telecom service providers, the owner of a bottleneck facility and a virtual network operator. This represents an application of a bilevel stochastic programming formulation to a liberalised telecommunications environment. Furthermore, the utilisation of the bilevel stochastic programming framework and the developed solution concepts for the analysis of principal agent models is demonstrated. Also here the background of a regulated telecom environment, more specific the relations between a regulator and a regulated telecommunications company, was chosen.</p>
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Bilevel stochastic programming problems: Analysis and application to telecommunicationsWerner, Adrian January 2005 (has links)
We analyse several facets of bilevel decision problems under uncertainty. These problems can be interpreted as an extension of stochastic programming problems where part of the uncertainty is attributed to the behaviour of another actor. The field of decision making under uncertainty with bilevel features is quite new and most approaches focus on the interactions and relations between the decision makers. In contrast to these studies, the approach of bilevel stochastic programming pursued here stresses the stochastic programming aspect of the problem formulation. The framework enables a direct application of stochastic programming concepts and solution methods to the bilevel relationship between the actors. Thus more complex problem structures can be studied and the aspect of uncertainty can be treated adequately. Our analysis covers both theoretical and more practically oriented issues. We study different formulations of one and two stage bilevel stochastic programming problems and state necessary optimality conditions for each of the problem instances. Additionally we present a solution algorithm utilising a stochastic quasi-gradient method. A further study is concerned with the uniqueness of the minima of a convex stochastic programming problem with uncertainty about the decision variables. We state conditions on the distribution of the parameters representing the uncertainty such that the minima of the optimisation problem are unique. We formulate a model of competition and collaboration of two different types of telecom service providers, the owner of a bottleneck facility and a virtual network operator. This represents an application of a bilevel stochastic programming formulation to a liberalised telecommunications environment. Furthermore, the utilisation of the bilevel stochastic programming framework and the developed solution concepts for the analysis of principal agent models is demonstrated. Also here the background of a regulated telecom environment, more specific the relations between a regulator and a regulated telecommunications company, was chosen.
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A Heuristic Method for Routing Snowplows After SnowfallSochor, Jana, Yu, Cecilia January 2004 (has links)
Sweden experiences heavy snowfall during the winter season and cost effective road maintenance is significantly affected by the routing of snowplows. The routing problem becomes more complex as the SwedishNational Road Administration (Vägverket) sets operational requirements such as satisfying a time window for each road segment. This thesis focuses on route optimization for snowplows after snowfall; to develop and implement an algorithm for finding combinations of generated routes which minimize the total cost. The results are compared to those stated in the licentiate thesis by Doctoral student Nima Golbaharan (2001). The algorithm calculates a lower bound to the problem using a Lagrangian master problem. A common subgradient approach is used to find near-optimal dual variables to be sent to a column-generation program which returns routes for the snowplows. A greedy heuristic chooses a feasible solution, which gives an upper bound to the problem. This entire process is repeated as needed. This method for routing snowplows produces favorable results with a relatively small number of routes and are comparable to Golbaharan's results. An interesting observation involves the allocation of vehicles in which certain depots were regularly over- or under-utilized. This suggests that the quantity and/or distribution of available vehicles may not be optimal.
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Bestämning av optimal fordonspark -Distribution av bitumen vid Nynäs AB / A vehicle fleet sizing problem -distribution of bitumen at Nynas ABHjort, Mattias January 2005 (has links)
Nynas produces bitumen at two refineries in Sweden. The bitumen is shipped to seven depots along the swedish coast line, and from the depots special trucks handle the transportation to customers. Recently Nynas has transformed its supply chain and closed down a few depots. At the moment the company is considering a further reduction of the number of depots. In connection to these discussions an analyse of the companys distributionsystem and of possible changes is required. In this thesis an optimization model is developed that simulates Nynas distribution of bitumen from the depots to the customers. The model is used to investigate the required vehicle fleet size for a number of different scenarios, that is with different depots closed down. The question to be answered is, thus, what depots could be closed without any dramatic increase in the required vehicle fleet size? Scenarios where customers are allocated an increased storage capacity are also studied. The distribution model that is developed is an inventory route planning problem. It is solved by column generation. Each column represents a route and is generated by a subproblem with restrictions on permitted working hours for the truck drivers. Integer solutions are generated heuristically. Simulations that have been performed with the model reveals interesting differences concerning how the distribution is handled in different parts of Sweden. In western Sweden the transportation planning works well, but the distribution in the central parts of the country could be planned in a better way. Results from simulations also show that the depots in Norrköping and Västerås could be closed down without increasing the vehicle fleet. Probably, the existing vehicle fleet size will be sufficient even with the Kalmar-depot closed down. Nevertheless, Nynas transportation suppliers will have to purchase new vehicles if the Sandarne-depot is to be closed. Another interesting conclusion that can be drawn from this thesis is that there is a potential for reducing the vehicle fleet size if the storage capacity is increased at a few chosen customers. A considerably small increase in the storage capacity at a few big customers that are located far from the depots will have a great effect.
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Surface-normal multiple quantum well electroabsorption modulators based on GaAs-related materialsJunique, Stéphane January 2005 (has links)
No description available.
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