With significant advances in wired and wireless technologies and also increased shrinking in the size of VLSI circuits, many devices have become very large because they need to contain several large units. This large number of gates and in turn large number of transistors causes the devices to be more prone to faults. These faults specially in sensitive and critical applications may cause serious failures and hence should be avoided. On the other hand, some critical applications such as cryptosystems may also be prone to deliberately injected faults by malicious attackers. Some of these faults can produce erroneous results that can reveal some important secret information of the cryptosystems. Furthermore, yield factor improvement is always an important issue in VLSI design and fabrication processes. Digital systems such as cryptosystems and digital signal processors usually contain finite field operations. Therefore, error detection and correction of such operations have become an important issue recently. In most of the work reported so far, error detection and correction are applied using redundancies in space (hardware), time, and/or information (coding theory). In this work, schemes based on these redundancies are presented to detect errors in important finite field arithmetic operations resulting from hardware faults. Finite fields are used in a number of practical cryptosystems and channel encoders/decoders. The schemes presented here can detect errors in arithmetic operations of finite fields represented in different bases, including polynomial, dual and/or normal basis, and implemented in various architectures, including bit-serial, bit-parallel and/or systolic arrays.

With significant advances in wired and wireless technologies and also increased shrinking in the size of VLSI circuits, many devices have become very large because they need to contain several large units. This large number of gates and in turn large number of transistors causes the devices to be more prone to faults. These faults specially in sensitive and critical applications may cause serious failures and hence should be avoided. On the other hand, some critical applications such as cryptosystems may also be prone to deliberately injected faults by malicious attackers. Some of these faults can produce erroneous results that can reveal some important secret information of the cryptosystems. Furthermore, yield factor improvement is always an important issue in VLSI design and fabrication processes. Digital systems such as cryptosystems and digital signal processors usually contain finite field operations. Therefore, error detection and correction of such operations have become an important issue recently. In most of the work reported so far, error detection and correction are applied using redundancies in space (hardware), time, and/or information (coding theory). In this work, schemes based on these redundancies are presented to detect errors in important finite field arithmetic operations resulting from hardware faults. Finite fields are used in a number of practical cryptosystems and channel encoders/decoders. The schemes presented here can detect errors in arithmetic operations of finite fields represented in different bases, including polynomial, dual and/or normal basis, and implemented in various architectures, including bit-serial, bit-parallel and/or systolic arrays.

Baigiamajame magistriniame darbe nagrinėjama kardiologinių rodiklių priklausomybė nuo žmogaus amžiaus ir fizinės apkrovos. Pateikta kardiologinių rodiklių kriterijų analizė. Išnagrinėti pagrindiniai kardiologiniai rodikliai trijose skirtingose amžiaus grupėse, pateikta jų lyginamoji analizė. Išnagrinėjus teorinius ir praktinius kardiologinių rodiklių vertinimo aspektus, pateikiamos baigiamojo darbo išvados. / In this final master thesis are research cardiovascular parameters dependence of human purchasing power and age. There are given test analysis of cardiovascular parameters. It was research the main cardiovascular parameters in three different groups of age and was given comparable analysis of parameters. All theoretical and practical results are given in conclusion.

SUMMARY Purpose of work: Ascertain and estimate the change of arterial blood pressure in the areas of arm, wrist, finger and the change of heart��s systole frequency using static and dynamic strain for all kinds of groups: different age and sex. Goals: 1. Ascertain the effect of static and dynamic strain for arterial blood pressure and for heart‘s systole frequency. 2. Examine the phenomenon of blood repartition and the arterial blood pressure registering investigative groups of different age and sex. 3. Estimate the effect of static exercise for the change of arterial blood pressure in different investigative groups. 4. Estimate the effect of dynamic exercise for the change of arterial blood pressure in different investigative groups. Contingent of investigative and the methods of investigation: The contingent of investigative is constituted by 67 sound investigative, without any clinical complaints: 38 are men and 29 – women. 15 men and 16 women, they performed the static exercise to fortify the muscles of back. 23 men and 13 women, they performed the dynamic exercise to fortify the muscles of shoulders. To estimate functional rate of heart we were using the measurers of arterial blood pressure OMRON. The measurers were registered 2 times: before the exercise and 60s after the exercise. Arterial blood pressure was measured in 3 places of left hand-in the areas of arm, wrist and finger registering systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The systole frequency of heart... [to full text]

To assess the relationships of body mass index (BMI) on arterial stiffness at rest and post-maximal treadmill graded exercise testing (GXT). Forty-four apparently healthy, young adult males (22.1 ± 0.48 years) were recruited and divided into either a healthy weight (H, ≤24.9 kg/m2), overweight (OV, 24.9-29.9 kg/m2) or obese (OB, ≥29.9 kg/m2) group based on BMI. All subjects underwent arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, cfPWV), blood pressure (BP), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis, BIA) measurements at rest. Following the GXT, measures of arterial stiffness (cfPWV) and BP were acquired. Resting measures of cfPWV, BMI, systolic BP, diastolic BP, MAP, and PP were significantly (p <0.05) greater in OV and OB compared with H. Compared with OV, OB had a greater BMI. Relative peak oxygen consumption (VP2peak) was greater in H compared with OV and OB (p<0.05). systolic BP was positively associated, whereas VO2peak was inversely related to cfPWV (p<0.05). No significant inter-group interactions were observed with cfPWV after the GXT. However, interactions were observed for SBP, DBP and PP (p<0.05). In young men with varying BMI, SBP and VO2peak were associated with resting cfPWV. However, similar cardiovascular responses were observed between groups after a maximal GXT.

Smelter workers who were exposed to air-borne arsenic for a mean of 23 years, and age-matched referents, were examined with clinical, physiological, and neurophysiological methods. Exposure to arsenic in workroom air was estimated to have been around the Swedish occupational limits, which were 500 yg/m before 1975 and 50 yg/ra thereafter. An increased preval ence of Raynaud's phenomenon and a reduced finger systolic blood pressure (FSP) during local and general cooling were found in the smelter workers. Slight, but significant sub-clinical neuropathy, in the form of slightly reduced nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in two or more peripheral nerves, was more common among the arsenic workers than among the referents. There were positive correlations between cumulative exposure to arsenic, reduced NCV in three peripheral motor nerves, and decrease in FSP during cooling. Arsenic levels in urine were 1 ymole/1 (75 yg/1) in the arsenic workers and 0.1 ymole/1 in the referents. In 21 arsenic workers with no or very low exposure to vibra ting hand tools, the FSP during cooling had increased significantly after 3 years wit h the lower arsenic exposure. There was no change in FSP during the summer vacation, whereas urinary levels of arsenic decreased to normal values. Thus there seems to be a slow improvement of finger blood circ ulation which is independent of short-term fluctuations in the exposure to arsenic. No seasonal variation was found in FSP during cooling with the standardized method used. When the NCV-measurements were repeated five years later the difference between arsenic workers and referents had increased, despite the fact that 14 of the 47 arsenic workers had had no exposure to arsenic during the last 1-5 years. These observations indicate, that in subjects with long term exposure to arsenic, sub-clinical neuropathy is not reversible. Ten milligrams of Ketanserin, a serotonin receptor antagonist, was given intravenously to five arsenic workers with cold-induced vasospasm. Skin temperature and FSP during cooling increased significantly with Ketanserin as compared wit h saline solution. After oral treatment, 2 x 40 mg /day for four weeks, no significant increase of FSP during cooling or rise in skin temperature was found in six arsenic workers and eleven patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. The decrease of vasospastic tendency after intravenous injection of Ketanserin indicated that similar mechanisms might operate in arsenic-induced and other types of Raynaud's phenomenon. A general co nclusion from the five studies in this dissertation is that long-term occupational exposure to arsenic has had adverse effects on the peripheral circulation and nerve conduction. The tendency to vasospasm, but not the sub-clinical neuropathy, seemed to be reversible with decreasing exposure. / <p>S. 1-54: sammanfattning, s. 55-112: 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

Motivation: Recently, with urbanisation becoming an increasing trend, the African population have been introduced to the westernised lifestyle. This contributed to severe health implications and a rapid increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the African population. In South Africa and other sub–Saharan African countries, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease is increasing rapidly. The African population is thus regarded as a high risk group, and we deem it necessary and important to investigate additional possible cardiovascular risk markers in the attempt to improve the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and the treatment thereof. We investigate double product as a possible cardiovascular risk marker in African and Caucasian men from South Africa. Recent studies have suggested that increased double product values might be an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, investigations on double product and endorgan damage are limited in this population group. The strength of associations between double product and various measurements of end–organ damage, including intima–media thickness, left ventricular hypertrophy and albumin–to–creatinine ratio, are compared with the associations between the more traditional risk factor, systolic blood pressure, and the measurements of end–organ damage. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the usability of double product as a possible cardiovascular risk marker in African and Caucasian men from South Africa. Methodology: The manuscript presented in Chapter 3 made use of the cross–sectional SABPA (Sympathetic Activity and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Africans) study, where 101 urbanised African and 101 Caucasian male school teachers from the North West Province of South Africa were recruited. Anthropometric measurements were taken in triplicate using standard methods. The cardiovascular measurements included 24–hour ambulatory blood pressure and electrocardiogram measurements. Double products were calculated as the product of 24–hour, daytime and night–time mean systolic blood pressure and mean heart rate values. The carotid intima–media thickness was also obtained following the prescribed protocols. A registered nurse collected blood samples and the biochemical measurements were performed by independent laboratories, blinded to the subject’s cardiovascular profile. Means and proportions were compared by standard t–tests and the x2 –tests, respectively. The association between markers of end–organ damage and double product were investigated using single, partial and multiple regression analyses. All p–values <= 0.05 were deemed significant. Results and conclusions: Results from this study showed that Africans displayed significantly higher systolic blood pressure values, heart rate values and subsequent double product values compared to the Caucasians. Despite these significant differences, double product only showed borderline significant correlations with the markers of end–organ damage in African men, while no correlations were evident in Caucasian men. In African men, systolic blood pressure displayed stronger and significant correlations with intimamedia thickness, left ventricular hypertrophy, and albumin–to–creatinine ratio than double product. These findings suggest that double product may not be a good marker of increased risk for end–organ damage and subsequent cardiovascular–related mortality. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Physiology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Motivation: Recently, with urbanisation becoming an increasing trend, the African population have been introduced to the westernised lifestyle. This contributed to severe health implications and a rapid increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the African population. In South Africa and other sub–Saharan African countries, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease is increasing rapidly. The African population is thus regarded as a high risk group, and we deem it necessary and important to investigate additional possible cardiovascular risk markers in the attempt to improve the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and the treatment thereof. We investigate double product as a possible cardiovascular risk marker in African and Caucasian men from South Africa. Recent studies have suggested that increased double product values might be an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, investigations on double product and endorgan damage are limited in this population group. The strength of associations between double product and various measurements of end–organ damage, including intima–media thickness, left ventricular hypertrophy and albumin–to–creatinine ratio, are compared with the associations between the more traditional risk factor, systolic blood pressure, and the measurements of end–organ damage. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the usability of double product as a possible cardiovascular risk marker in African and Caucasian men from South Africa. Methodology: The manuscript presented in Chapter 3 made use of the cross–sectional SABPA (Sympathetic Activity and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Africans) study, where 101 urbanised African and 101 Caucasian male school teachers from the North West Province of South Africa were recruited. Anthropometric measurements were taken in triplicate using standard methods. The cardiovascular measurements included 24–hour ambulatory blood pressure and electrocardiogram measurements. Double products were calculated as the product of 24–hour, daytime and night–time mean systolic blood pressure and mean heart rate values. The carotid intima–media thickness was also obtained following the prescribed protocols. A registered nurse collected blood samples and the biochemical measurements were performed by independent laboratories, blinded to the subject’s cardiovascular profile. Means and proportions were compared by standard t–tests and the x2 –tests, respectively. The association between markers of end–organ damage and double product were investigated using single, partial and multiple regression analyses. All p–values <= 0.05 were deemed significant. Results and conclusions: Results from this study showed that Africans displayed significantly higher systolic blood pressure values, heart rate values and subsequent double product values compared to the Caucasians. Despite these significant differences, double product only showed borderline significant correlations with the markers of end–organ damage in African men, while no correlations were evident in Caucasian men. In African men, systolic blood pressure displayed stronger and significant correlations with intimamedia thickness, left ventricular hypertrophy, and albumin–to–creatinine ratio than double product. These findings suggest that double product may not be a good marker of increased risk for end–organ damage and subsequent cardiovascular–related mortality. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Physiology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Submitted by Tiago José Caparica Módolo (tiago.vet10@gmail.com) on 2018-06-12T17:22:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TiagoModoloTESE.pdf: 1069308 bytes, checksum: ec33fab464148f69f2639d9206f39612 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-06-12T17:52:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 modolo_tjc_dr_jabo.pdf: 1069308 bytes, checksum: ec33fab464148f69f2639d9206f39612 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-12T17:52:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 modolo_tjc_dr_jabo.pdf: 1069308 bytes, checksum: ec33fab464148f69f2639d9206f39612 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A detomidina é um dos fármacos mais utilizados para a sedação de muares, porém não há dose estabelecida para esta espécie sendo indicado utilizar uma dose 50% maior que a indicada para equinos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia e os efeitos cardiovasculares da detomidina em muares comparando duas doses diferentes, a utilizada em equinos ( G1 - 0,02 mg/kg) e a dose 50% maior (G2 – 0,03 mg/kg). Para isso, foram utiizados 6 muares (2 machos e 4 fêmeas), adultos (339±27 kg), os animais receberam as duas doses com espaçamento mínimo de 7 dias, formando assim dois grupos experimentais com 6 animais cada. Antes da aplicação (M0) da detomidina pela via intravenosa e 5, 15, 30, 45 e 60 minutos após a aplicação (M5; M15; M30; M45; M60, respectivamente) foram avaliados frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória, motilidade intestinal, altura da cabeça, além dos parâmetros ecocardiográficos: diâmetro interno do ventrículo esquerdo ao final da sístole e da diástole, fração de encurtamento, fração de ejeção, volume do ventrículo esquerdo ao final da sístole e da diástole, volume sistólico e débito cardíaco. A altura da cabeça do G2 permaneceu significativamente menor até o M60 quando comparado ao M0 do mesmo grupo, já do G1 ficou significativamente menor até o M45 quando comparado ao basal. O débito cardíaco do G1 foi significativamente menor nos M5, M15, M30 quando comparado ao M0 doG1, já do G2 permaneceu significativamente menor, quando compardo ao M0 do G2, do M5 ao M45. Concluiu-se que os muares que receberam dose 50% maior de detomidina permaneceram sedados por um período maior, porém os efeitos cardiovasculares também foram mais prolongados. / Detomidine is the drugs most used for sedation of mules, but there is no established dose for this species being indicated to use a dose 50% greater than indicated for horses. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and cardiovascular effects of detomidine in mules comparing two different doses, the used in horses (G1 - 0.02 mg / kg) and the 50% higher dose (G2 - 0.03 mg / kg). For this, 6 muares (2 males and 4 females), adults (339 ± 27 kg) were used, the animals received the two doses with a minimum spacing of 7 days, thus forming two experimental groups with 6 animals each. Before the application (M0) of detomidine intravenously and 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after the application (M5, M15, M30, M45, M60, M60, respectively) were evaluated heart rate, respiratory rate, intestinal motility, height of the head, in addition to the echocardiographic parameters: internal left ventricular diameter at the end of systole and diastole, fraction of shortening, ejection fraction, left ventricular volume at the end of systole and diastole, systolic volume and cardiac output. The head height of G2 remained significantly lower until M60, whereas G1 was significantly lower up to M45, cardiac output of G1 was significantly lower in M5, M15, M30, whereas G2 remained smaller than M5 at M45. Concluding that mules receiving a 50% higher dose of detomidine remained sedated for a longer period, but the cardiovascular effects were also longer. / 140230/2014-9

Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência de disfunção sistólica assintomática do ventrículo esquerdo no puerpério e comparar sua evolução com os casos de miocardiopatia periparto ocorridos no mesmo período. Pacientes e Métodos: Estudo transversal entre setembro de 2002 e abril de 2005, para determinar a prevalência de disfunção ventricular assintomática no puerpério imediato e a incidência de miocardiopatia periparto no mesmo período, e entre novembro de 2007 e janeiro de 2008 para verificar a evolução clínica e ecocardiográfica destas pacientes. Os parâmetros ecocardiográficos das puérperas com disfunção ventricular assintomática também foram comparados com os de puérperas normais. Disfunção sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo foi definida como diâmetro diastólico final ≥ 5,6 cm e/ou fração de ejeção < 53,0% + encurtamento fracional sistólico < 25%. Resultados: Foram rastreadas 1182 puérperas, sendo detectados 10 casos (0,85%) de disfunção ventricular assintomática, cujas características clínicas, como raça, superfície corporal, paridade, gemelaridade e uso de tocolíticos, não foram diferentes quando comparadas com 18 controles rastreados sem disfunção. A incidência de miocardiopatia periparto no período foi de 6 casos em 10866 partos (1/1811 partos de nascidos vivos). Após uma média de 4,0 anos (2,9-5,2 anos), 7 dos 10 casos de disfunção assintomática e 5 dos 6 casos de miocardiopatia clínica realizaram nova ecocardiografia, verificando-se significativo aumento da fração de ejeção e do encurtamento fracional médios nos dois grupos, sendo que a parcela de recuperação da função foi semelhante nos grupos (p interação > 0,05). Conclusões: Ocorre disfunção ventricular no puerpério sem os achados clínicos de insuficiência cardíaca cujos parâmetros ecocardiográficos evoluem de maneira semelhante aqueles de pacientes com miocardiopatia periparto ao longo do tempo. / Objective: To determine the prevalence of asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction in puerperium and to compare its progression with that of cases of peripartum cardiomyopathy that occurred in the same study period. Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted from September 2002 to April 2005 to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic ventricular dysfunction in early puerperium and the incidence of peripartum myocardiopathy, and from November 2007 to January 2008 to obtain clinical and echocardiographic follow-up data of the study patients. Echocardiographic parameters of puerperal women with asymptomatic ventricular dysfunction were also compared with those of normal puerperal women. The parameters to define left ventricular systolic dysfunction were end-diastolic diameter ≥ 5.6 cm and/or ejection fraction < 53.0%, and systolic fractional shortening < 25%. Results: A total of 1182 puerperal women were screened, and 10 cases (0.85%) of asymptomatic ventricular dysfunction were detected. Clinical characteristics, such as ethnicity, body surface, parity, multiple gestations, and tocolytic therapy, were not different from those of the 18 normal women used as controls. The incidence of peripartum cardiomyopathy was 6 cases out of 10866 deliveries (1/1811 live births). After a mean of 4.0 years (2.9-5.2 years), 7 of the 10 patients with asymptomatic dysfunction and 5 of the 6 with clinical cardiomyopathy underwent follow-up echocardiography. A significant increase was found in mean ejection fraction and fractional shortening in the two groups, and function recovery rates were similar in the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Ventricular dysfunction may occur in the puerperium without clinical signs of heart failure, and the long-term progression of echocardiographic parameters is similar to that found in cases of peripartum cardiomyopathy.