Standardsystem är något som har blivit allt mer populärt bland verksamheter, vilket innebär att företag väljer att köpa en paketerad systemlösning i form av informationssystem. Vissa standardsystem är väl anpassade för respektive verksamhet, medan vissa inte är det, vilket kräver modifikationer av systemet. Ett sätt för att uppnå god anpassning av systemet är att använda sig av användarinvolvering under utvecklingsprocessen. Genom att anpassa ett system utefter användarnas önskemål tenderar deras acceptans på systemet att bli högre. Därför kommer denna studie inrikta sig på att försöka förstå om användares involvering påverkar deras acceptans av ett standardsystem vid ett standardsystembyte och hur. För att kunna undersöka detta har en fallstudie av kvalitativ art genomförts på företaget Ellos. Studien har genomförts med hjälp av tidigare forskning inom användarinvolvering och användaracceptans som skapat en grund för att undersöka hur det har applicerats i en verksamhet. Författarna ville skapa sig en djupare förståelse kring begreppen och genomförde därför intervjuer på Ellos som är i implementeringsfasen av sitt standardsystembyte. Eftersom Ellos implementerar flera system är studien avgränsad till deras logistikavdelning. Resultatet av studien visade att en högre grad användarinvolvering bidrog till högre acceptans hos användarna. / ERP-systems are becoming more and more popular among businesses, and it means that the company buys an information system in a packaged system solution. Some ERP-systems is well suited for each business, while some are not, which require modifications of the system. One way to achieve good alignment of the system is to use user involvement during the development process. By adapting a system along the user requests, their acceptance towards the system tends to become higher. Therefore, will this study focus on trying to understand if user involvement affects their acceptance of an ERP-system change and how. To investigate this, a case study of a qualitative approach was conducted on the company Ellos. The study was completed with help from previous research in the areas of user involvement and user acceptance that created a base for examining of how the actual work is done in an organization. The authors wanted to create a deeper understanding of the concepts and therefore completed interviews at Ellos that is in the implementation phase of an ERP-system. Because Ellos implements several systems, is the study limited to their logistic department. The result of the study showed that a higher degree of user involvement contributed to higher user acceptance.

Mobila betaltjänster blir ett allt mer aktuellt ämne och den svenska marknaden är inget undantag. Idag erbjuds ett flertal mobila betaltjänster och därmed är det av stor vikt att undersöka vad som gör dem framgångsrika. I denna rapport har den mobila betaltjänsten Swish studerats. Denna undersökning har haft som avsikt att besvara en frågeställning rörande vilka faktorer som har en påverkan gällande acceptans, attityder och intentioner kring användandet av Swish. Vi avser även att undersöka eventuella samband mellan olika faktorer. I undersökningen har två grupper studerats, vilka är användare och icke-användare av Swish. I hopp om att besvara frågeställningen har Teknologiacceptansmodellen använts och även metoder som lämpar sig väl tillsammans med denna modell. Studiens empiri har samlats in via en elektronisk enkät, vilken utformats med hjälp av inspiration från tidigare studier samt egna tankar kring vad som kan ge intressanta resultat gällande Swish. Faktorn som enligt våra resultat haft starkast samband med Intention till användning och därmed acceptans och Faktisk användning, är för gruppen användare Upplevd användbarhet. För gruppen icke-användare visar faktorn Socialt inflytande starkast samband med Intention till användning och därmed även acceptans. / Mobile payment services is a topic that is becoming more widespread and the Swedish market is no exception. Today the market offers a number of mobile payment services, and thus it is of great importance to examine what makes them successful. In this report the mobile payment service Swish has been studied. This study has had the intention to answer a question regarding which factors that are affecting the acceptance, attitudes and intentions for the use of Swish. We also had the intention to examine possible relationships between the factors. In this study we have chosen to examine two groups, users and non-users of Swish. In hope of being able to answer the question, the Technology acceptance model was used and also methods that are suitable for this model. The study's empirical data was collected through an electronic survey, which was designed with inspiration from earlier studies and our own ideas about what could give interesting results regarding Swish. According to our findings Perceived usefulness is the factor that had the strongest relationship with Intention to use and thus acceptance and Actual usage for the group that we called users. For the group of non-users we have found that the factor Social influence had the strongest connection with Intention to use and acceptance.

Yes / Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and examine the most important factors that could predict the Saudi customer’s continued intention towards adoption of mobile banking. Design/methodology/approach The proposed conceptual model was based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) and task-technology fit (TTF) model. This is also expanded by considering two additional factors: perceived privacy and perceived security. By using a self-administered questionnaire, the data were collected from a convenience sample of Saudi banking customers from different parts of Saudi Arabia. Findings The main results based on structural equation modelling analyses supported the impact of perceived privacy, perceived security, perceived usefulness and TTF on the customers’ continued intention to use mobile banking. Research limitations/implications The moderation influence of the demographic factors (i.e. age, gender, income level, educational level) was not tested. The data were also collected using a self-report questionnaire; however, it would be more accurate to utilise more statistics from the bank database about the users of m-banking. Originality/value This study represents a worthy attempt to test such novel technology (m-banking) in the KSA where there is a scarcity of literature. A considerable theoretical contribution was also made by integrating the TTF model with the TAM in addition to consider privacy and security in one single model. Moreover, considering both perceived privacy and security in the current model creates an accurate picture about the adoption of m-banking especially as there are a limited number of m-banking studies that have considered privacy and security alongside the TTF model and TAM in the same model.

Technology acceptance in education has been and continues to be a central concern for researchers, application and platform developers, and educators. Rapid advancements in miniaturization along with the availability of fast, reliable, and affordable networks have sparked an increasing demand by students for better ways to complement their mobile lifestyles in support of their learning. Based on a review of the literature of technology acceptance and trends in mobile device usage in learning, this researcher tested the predictive power of the Mobile Learning Acceptance Model (MLAM) in an online higher education setting. MLAM is an extension of the technology acceptance model (TAM) inasmuch as it seeks to obtain user perceptions of usefulness and ease of use and their effect on user attitude and behavioral intention to use mobile devices for learning. For this research, users included students and faculty. Current literature indicates that student desire for access to a variety of learning resources anywhere anytime is growing yet little is known regarding faculty perceptions regarding mobile learning (m-learning) or on how institutions can position themselves to meet the growing demand. A web-based survey design was used to test MLAM using a previously developed and validated instrument, though updated to include and exclude what is now or no longer applicable and the wording modified to ensure relevancy to the target population studied. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to validate the factor structure. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine which factors had the greatest influence on m-learning acceptance. Group analyses revealed significant differences among faculty and students between age groups, mobile device experience levels, and desired academic uses of mobile devices. The results of this study enables administrators to make informed decisions regarding information technology (IT) investments, allocate scarce resources strategically, and implement appropriate technical support systems. Findings from this investigation may also be of interest to instructional designers, m-learning application developers, and mobile device manufacturers who will gain a better understanding of how to develop m-learning solutions that are both useful and easy to use.

In high-grade ‘starry-sky’ non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), particularly Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL), large numbers of apoptotic tumour cells are engulfed by infiltrating tumour-associated macrophages (TAM). In situ studies suggest that in starry-sky TAM in a xenograft model of BL various tumour-promoting, trophic, angiogenic, tissue remodelling, and anti-inflammatory pathways are activated. Furthermore, apoptotic cells have been shown to activate expression of tumour-promoting matrix metalloproteinases in macrophages. This work investigates the hypothesis that apoptotic cells or factors released from apoptotic cells induce additional aspects of the starry-sky TAM signature, which serve to promote tumour growth. Macrophages at different stages of maturation, cultured in vitro in the presence of large numbers of apoptotic cells, were shown to differ in phenotype, giving credibility to the hypothesis. Less mature mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) were better at migrating towards apoptotic cells, whereas mature BMDM were better at phagocytosing them. Lactoferrin, which is released from cells undergoing apoptosis and inhibits the migration of neutrophils, was selected as a candidate mediator in the activation of macrophages by apoptotic cells. Lactoferrin was shown to bind viable human and murine monocytes and macrophages, however only high concentrations, which are unlikely to be physiologically or clinically relevant, were found to affect expression of starry-sky TAM genes or reduce classically-activated macrophage cytotoxicity. The direct effect of apoptotic cells on macrophage activation was assessed. Mature BMDM were not used for these studies as their development in vitro in a highly apoptotic environment was judged likely to bias their activation state toward that of TAM, therefore macrophages were first classically-activated with IFN-γ and LPS. This reduced the expression of many starry-sky TAM genes, including several genes associated with responses to apoptotic cells. However, classical activation did not inhibit apoptotic cell engulfment, but rather enhanced it. Co-culture with apoptotic cells, but not viable cells, increased the gene expression of Gas6, Mrc1, Cd36, Timp2, and Pparg, and the latter was dependent on direct interaction with macrophages rather than factors released from apoptotic cells. Furthermore, classically-activated macrophages were found to induce apoptosis in lymphoma cells, and although pre-co-culture of the macrophages with apoptotic cells did not reduce their ability to induce apoptosis, it enhanced tumour cell growth. Macrophage deficiency of IL-4Rα or galectin-3 did not affect classically-activated macrophage responses to apoptotic cells. However, classical activation of galectin-3 deficient macrophages appeared to restore the decreased ability of galectin-3 deficient, untreated macrophages to phagocytose apoptotic cells. Because of the unique new method of laser-capture microdissection by which starry-sky TAM signatures were established, direct comparisons with expression databases of tissue and in vitro cultured macrophages were not possible, but indirect comparisons suggest starry-sky TAM activation reflects the activation phenotype of a mixture of tissue macrophages. Furthermore, it highlighted phagocytosis as one of the most important pathways activated by starry-sky TAM. Together the results presented here suggest apoptotic lymphoma cells can shape TAM activation signatures in starry-sky NHL, even when macrophages are pre-activated to induce apoptosis in lymphoma cells. This is important when considering the consequences of anti-cancer therapies that induce apoptosis or aim to redirect phagocyte activation.

Den traditionella detaljhandel har utsatts för en ökad konkurrens från e-handelsföretag och måste idag kunna erbjuda liknande förutsättningar för att behålla sina kunder. Idag är digitala betalningsmedel en allt mer förekommande betalningsmetod i affärer. Modehandeln är idag en av de växande branscherna där digitala betalningsmedel tar mer och mer plats. Tidigare forskning har studerat hur kundacceptansen är gentemot digitala betalningsmedel. Men det finns en bristfällighet i tidigare studier ur ett företagsperspektiv. Därav har denna studie valt att studera vilka faktorer som påverkar användaracceptansen till digitala betalningsmedel ur ett företagsperspektiv. Men även om butikers användaracceptans till ny teknologi och digitala betalningsmedel basers på samma faktorer som för konsumenterna. Studien är begränsad till att enbart studera fysiska butiker på två köpcenter. Studien har använda sig av två modeller som har varit centrala inom tidigare forskning. Den första modellen är Technology acceptance model är har varit en central modell vid analys av kundacceptans av ny teknologi. Den andra modellen är Technology-Organization-Environment och har varit central vid studier angående hur acceptansen av ny teknologi är ur ett företagsperspektiv. För att kunna besvara problemformuleringen har först en kartläggning utförts, av vilka digitala betalningsmedel som finns på marknaden. Intervjuer på de två utvalda köpcentrena, Emporia och Nova lund, har även utförts. Intervjufrågorna som har ställts är baserade på den egenskapade modellen i uppsatsen. Slutligen har uppsatsen kommit fram till att den egenskapade modellen är applicerbar. Variablerna bestämmelser ovanifrån, användarvänlighet och befintlig teknik är de avgörande faktorerna vid företags användaracceptans till digitala betalningsmedel.

New information systems will only improve organisational performance if they are accepted and used to their full capacity. It is therefore important to be able to understand, explain and predict the factors affecting technology acceptance. One model which has been successful at this is the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM; Davis, 1986). This study tests an extension of the TAM in a mandatory usage environment. The extended TAM proposed here incorporates two new independent measures; past behaviour and perceived behavioural control. Participants were 285 members of an Australian Government Department who had been using a new information system for approximately 4 months. Usage of the system was mandated in organisational policy and there were no alternative systems or processes available to participants to complete their job requirements. Results indicate that when information system usage is mandatory (or nonvolitional) perceived behavioural control significantly increases the ability of the extended TAM to predict system acceptance behaviour. Furthermore, self-reports of system usage were not related to the participants intention to use the system and user satisfaction was the only dependent variable accurately predicted by the model. Past behaviour did not predict either behavioural intention or behaviour in this study. The implications of these findings for technology acceptance in modern organisations and areas for future research are discussed.

<p><em>We are in an emerging digital society where we are increasingly dependent on the mastery of IT and digital technologies to better carry out our everyday tasks. They cover everything from keeping in touch with family and friends to pay bills and declare. At the same time there are those who have not learned how to use the new technology and live their lives outside of the digital society. What happens to these people, in a society that is becoming increasingly digitized? Do they take harm by being in digital exclusion? It looks like this are issues that will not become less important as digital technology constantly changes. Technology of the future will be equally undesirable for tomorrow's elderly as today's technology is undesirable for today’s elderly.</em></p><p><em>This research report looks at how to find a way to get those who involuntary find themselves in digital isolation to get an entry to digital use and become part of the digital society. The report makes use of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Senior Technology Acceptance & Adoption Model (STAM), models developed to predict whether users will accept or reject a system, to find out how you may be able to get users to want to use and learn a system.</em></p><p><em>In a study reminiscent of an experiment in which four participants with low experience in IT use has been testing a simple Content Management System (CMS), and started to use IT in their work, this report concludes that there are tendencies showing that workplace could be an interesting entrance when you are trying to create an interest in IT and digital technology in those who are in the digital exclusion.</em></p>

Abstract In March 2010, BusinessNext magazine examined Taiwan¡¦s top 100 most popular website, and virtual community websites occupied approximately 25% of the spots. The social networking site ¡§Facebook¡¨ is particularly notable because although it was the first time it entered the rankings, Facebook placed second. Virtual community websites are this year¡¦s most popular type of website. Among 15 to 20 year-olds, network utilization ratios reached as high as 98.3% (BusinessNext, 2010). This majority of this age group studies in high school, and regardless of their course of study, interpersonal relationships, or physical and mental development, this age cohort has an inseparable connection to the Internet. Therefore, we call them the ¡§e-generation¡¨. This research utilizes the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as its theoretical foundation; TAM predicts that a high-school student¡¦s loneliness will affect that student¡¦s use of virtual community websites. This study utilizes stratified sampling in questionnaire among 500 Kaohsiung high school students from the ages of 15 to 19, and the UCLA Loneliness Scale Version Three (Russell, 1996) is used in the survey to measure loneliness. Using this methodology, the hope is to confirm the hypothesis that the students¡¦ loneliness is positively linked to their participation in virtual communities. Using SPSS 15.0 for Windows and Amos 7.0 to analyze the survey data and conduct a path analysis for a casual relationship, loneliness has a strong influence on students¡¦ use of virtual community websites, which supports TAM as a theoretical construct. And aims at the different social group type website to implement the AMOS female community the coalition analysis. The data do not show a particular variance in usage among different types of virtual community websites. The implications of this research are helpful to the families, the military, and the managers of virtual community websites, who all benefit from a better understanding of high-school students participation in virtual communities.

Along with the progress of Information and Communication Technology, there has been a great change in the field of e-learning. For instance, the Distance Teaching, the Web-Based Teaching, and the Digital Teaching System, they all strengthen diversified Information and Communication Technology and applications of multi¡Vmedia content. Meanwhile, teachers must make good use of those new teaching tools in their teaching soon to make the tools effective. In order to make the Digital Teaching System soon become a teaching tool for teachers, this study makes the service system get involved with the Digital Teaching System and the teaching satisfaction. The Digital Teaching System uses TAM to learn the willing to use Information and Communication equipment. With the service system, which includes hardware, software, teacher training (teaching materials), and customer service, and finally teachers are provided with the Digital Teaching System to be more willing to use the equipment and moreover, to improve their teaching effectiveness. ¡@ Based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), this study tries to point out if the teaching satisfaction will be improved after the service system gets involved with the Digital Teaching System. Many different cram schools with their classes using tools of e-learning in Kaohsiung City are chosen and 200 questionnaires are collected to be analyzed in detail. ¡@¡@ The result shows that the service system has a distinct direct positive impact on the Digital Teaching System. Moreover, the impact on the Digital Teaching System also improves the teaching satisfaction indirectly. Hopefully, the study will prove that the service system can help the process of digital teaching go well, and the related institutions which want to promote Classroom of the Future can work faster and more easily in the future.