This research traces the trajectory of those methods of teaching grammar that five different teachers in Swedish from Stockholm municipality use in their practice. Their both constructive and negative attitudes towards grammar were in fokus when looking after the connection between their own experience of learning/teaching native language grammar and the methods that they are actually using in their own classes. I was trying to gain knowledge and achieve the purpose of this research by means of a qualitativ method. My empirical data consists of five interviews with the pedagogues who are teaching Swedish. I was also reviewing the scientific research related to the topic. This study has scratched the surface of the systemic funktional grammar (SFG) pedagogy. SFG is a model of grammar developed by the British linguist Michael Halliday. The meta-language informed by SFG seems to be the keyword of the model because of its implicit meaning. Only one of five teachers has been incorporating SFG into the teaching of history. When working with the third grade pupils the teacher has been using the modeling and deconstruktion of the kids own texts. the other four teachers have never heard about SFG before. The methods they are using are not updated that much, it is also easy to notice that they stich to the teaching of grammar as a separate part of language.

This Diploma thesis is based on the teaching practice done online. It looks at the possibilities of online teaching of Mathematics and its concepts, and at how to teach Mathematics online well. The aim of the thesis is to compare distance learning in the Czech Republic and chosen countries in the European Union. The current situation changed in the European schooling and teaching was done remotely since Spring 2020. This thesis takes this situation and looks at three main areas: literature search, where theoretical background is described, summarized data for distance learning in the World, which I got from the internet, and lastly a part where I observed teaching in the given context, both as an observing student and as a teacher. The teaching practice was done in the first year of the lower secondary school, during a focus on the topic of solving equations. The analysis and the reflection of the class are put into the context with the analysis of the topic of solving equations as presented in chosen textbooks both at primary and lower secondary school level. The thesis also includes a summary of all the reports published during the pandemic by CSI that examined the impact of the pandemic on the teachers, the students, and the parents. The final part of the thesis presents a summary of gained...

The aim of this master's thesis, "Utilizing an interactive whiteboard to learn verbs in German lesson" is presented in two parts. The theoretical part is devoted to aspects which influence teaching, and therefore the preparation of interactive materials. The practical part is focused on the proposal of activities used on the interactive whiteboard. The theoretical part is divided into three chapters. The first chapter allows us to view the educative process from a psychological perspective, attempting to clarify the importance of relevant styles and strategies used effectively while learning a foreign language. The concern of chapter two is an interactive board and multimedia. Principles which should be followed by educators who are creating teaching materials are also introduced. Furthermore, there are presented internet portals which can be used in German lessons. The last chapter of the theoretical part is dedicated to grammar and the grammatical category - verbs. The practical part is predominantly based on creating your own teaching materials, which are designed to practise German verbs. The activities are split up into two sections (for elementary school and high school). An evaluation of the teaching materials results from survey. They were verified in the educational practice.

The subject of this study is a suggestion and, within the framework of the possibility, a verification of the concept of teaching of Czech endings for foreigners without using samples. The study covers the declinations of nouns, adjectives and personal, demonstrative and possessive pronouns. In the development of our concept, we proceed from the fact that the Czech language, as well as the other Slavonic languages is characterized by significant level of endings' synonymy and homonymy. We use this fact as a reference point and create tables on its basis. The work consists theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is divided into two pieces. The first piece of the theoretical part is devoted to the different approaches to the problem of teaching endings for foreigners on the basic level. In the second piece, we introduce the new concept and explain the use of the tables based on homonymy, which are suggested in the practical part. The practical part is composed entirely of these twenty-five tables, which were created ready for use in teaching.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma proposta de ensino da frase, das orações absolutas e orações coordenadas pelos quadrinhos. Trabalho esse que dialoga com a realidade do mundo moderno que, principalmente por conta das tecnologias da informação conectadas em rede, cada vez mais lançam mão da dinâmica e atrativa comunicação verbo-visual. Comunicação essa que, por despreocupações com o uso padrão da língua, gera impactos na comunicação em outros setores que exigem diferentes posturas em relação ao uso da língua. O referencial teórico metodológico da proposta é norteado pelos pressupostos bakhtinianos que abarcam a dialogia, a enunciação, os gêneros discursivos, a ideologia e, principalmente, as questões estilísticas do ensino da língua. Esse material foi trabalhado de forma a dar sustentação para que proposta pudesse oferecer conhecimentos gramaticais elementares aos alunos, para que eles, a partir daí possam ser inseridos em outros trabalhos de análise de estilísticas. Os tópicos gramaticais trabalhados foram: frase, orações absolutas e coordenadas. A título de contextualização, é apresentado também aqui um breve e importante panorama histórico das histórias em quadrinhos, passando pela prática do homem em utilizar figuras na comunicação até as desconfianças sobre a utilização dos quadrinhos na educação. Também são feitos breves comentários sobre os equívocos gerados ao longo do ensino gramatical e a apresentação de possibilidades signo-ideológicas que causam esses equívocos. Por fim, esta proposta não pretende substituir as gramáticas tradicionais, apenas um material de suporte ao professor e ao aluno no processo de ensino/aprendizagem dos importantes conteúdos gramaticais selecionados. Uma forma de tornar o ensino um pouco mais significativo. Adentra-se, também, este trabalho, no campo investigativo da Linguística Aplicada, uma vez que contribui para o ensino da língua materna. / The present study aims to present a proposal for teaching of sentence, absolute and prayers prayers coordinates by comics. This work that converses with the reality of the modern world that, mainly due to information technologies connected in network, increasingly throw hand of dynamic and attractive communication visual-verb. This communication which, by despreocupações with the standard usage of the language, generates impacts on communication in other sectors that require different attitudes concerning the use of the language. The theoretical framework of methodological proposal is guided by bakhtinianos assumptions which include the dialogia, the enunciation, the discursive genres, ideology and, mainly, the stylistic language education issues. This material was worked in order to give support for that proposal could offer elementary students grammar knowledge, so they then can be inserted in other works of stylistic analysis. The grammatical topics worked were: phrase, prayers and absolute coordinates. By way of background, are also here a short and important historical panorama of comics, passing by the practice in use figures in communication until the suspicions about the use of comics in education. Are also made brief comments on the misconceptions generated over grammar teaching and the presentation of sign-ideological possibilities that cause these misconceptions. Finally, this proposal is not intended to replace traditional grammars, only a supporting material to the teacher and the student in the teaching / learning of important content selected grammatical process. One way to make a little more meaningful education. Also, this work is entered in the investigative field of Applied Linguistics, as it contributes to the teaching of the mother tongue.

Учитель языка использует коммуникацию в качестве подхода к обучению для повышения коммуникативной компетентности учащихся. Педагогическое обоснование использования коммуникативного подхода на уроках иностранного языка частично зависит от утверждения, что они помогут развить коммуникативные навыки учащихся, и частично от утверждения, что они будут способствовать их языковому развитию. В связи с этим основной целью исследования было изучение контекстуального подхода к преподаванию грамматики в иракской начальной школе. Это исследование было проведено аналитически и после серии заранее определенных шагов, в ходе которых оно наблюдало, критически наблюдало и анализировало явление. Результаты этого исследования показывают, что отношение иракских учителей к коммуникативной деятельности и коммуникативному подходу к преподаванию грамматики является положительным. Иракские учителя были заинтересованы в этом подходе, потому что они нашли его очень полезным для учащихся, они считают, что этот метод дает учащимся возможность взаимодействовать и взаимодействовать со своими друзьями и учителем в классе. Многие учителя также сообщили, что из-за акцента на общении коммуникативный метод необходим для изучения грамматики английского языка в классе, и приняли его. / The language teacher uses communication as a teaching approach to enhance students’ communicative competence. The pedagogical rationale for the use of communicative approach in a language teaching class depends in part on the claim that they will help develop learners’ communicative skills and in part on a claim that they will contribute incidentally to their linguistic development. In this regard, the main goal of the study was to investigate a contextual approach for the teaching of grammar in Iraqi primary school. This research was carried out analytically and following a series of predetermined steps, during which it observed, critically observed and analyzed the phenomenon. The findings of this study indicate that Iraqi teachers' attitudes toward communication activities and the communication approach to grammar teaching are positive. The Iraqi teachers were interested in this approach because they found it very useful for the students, they believe that this method provides students with an opportunity to interact and interact with their friends and the teacher in the classroom. Many teachers also reported that because of the emphasis on communication, the communicative method is essential for learning English grammar in the classroom and accepted it.

(in English) This diploma thesis focuses on teachers' attitudes and beliefs regarding English grammar teaching at Czech high schools. The thesis is based on the assumption that teachers' decisions and actions in ESL and EFL teaching are motivated by what teachers know, think and believe. It takes the concept of teacher cognition as a starting point. The research part ot the thesis is based on a questionnaire survey among Czech high-school teachers. It aims to observe teachers' beliefs about English grammar teaching and learning and to describe the way Engligh grammar is taught at Czech high schools. The main areas which the research focuses on are grammar teaching approaches, grammar practice, grammatical error correction, the use of L1 in teaching grammar and the use of coursebooks. Moreover, the thesis observes teachers' position towards the concept of method with respect to the recent trend discussed in ELT research - the post-method condition which redefines the relationship of 'method' and a teacher who is understood as a critical and creative strategic thinker.

Born into a visual culture, today’s generation of learners generally prefer a visually-rich multimodal learning environment. Tapping into the potential of visuals in language pedagogy, this study was aimed at discovering the impact of a visual presentation of grammatical concepts related to sentence structure on student writing. The study used a mixed methods design to analyse the impact of the visual approach first by statistically measuring sentence variety and syntactic complexity of student pre and post intervention texts and then using interviews to explain the nature of the impact of visuals on student conceptual understanding and its effect on their writing development. Statistical findings reveal that the experimental groups of Chinese students who were taught grammatical concepts in the context of writing instruction using a visual approach outperformed the students in the control groups who were given similar lessons in the context of writing instruction but using traditional printed hand-outs. Qualitative findings suggest that the visuals seems to have increased these students’ conceptual understanding of grammatical items that were taught, and this resulted in more sophisticated and syntactically complex texts after the intervention. The study supports the theory of contextualized teaching of grammar and proposes the use of external visuals that lead to internal visualization based on the cognitive theory of multimodal learning. In so doing, it extends the use of visual learning to grammar pedagogy. However, the findings also suggest that the visual approach would not work effectively in cultures that promote rote learning and decontextualized exercises in grammar with the sole aim of passing the exams. A shift in attitude towards grammar pedagogy in China is deemed necessary.

(in English) The thesis deals with the topic of the role of metalanguage and metalinguistic terminology in English Language Teaching at Czech grammar schools. The concepts of metalanguage and metalinguistic terminology are viewed as one of the potential educational tools in the field of learning and teaching English grammar. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses, among other things, on benefits and limitations of the use of metalanguage, and on the suitability of conditions for the use of metalanguage, i.e. on the variables which may affect the educational process are discussed in this part as well. Moreover, an overview of the approaches to teaching grammar in relation to the use of metalanguage and metalinguistic terminology is provided in this chapter together with the summary of findings obtained from the studies concerned with learners or teachers knowledge of metalinguistic terminology. The empirical part is based on the questionnaire survey among Czech grammar school students and teachers. The main areas examined in the research are: learners' and teachers' attitudes to and beliefs about learning and teaching English and English grammar, learners' and teachers' attitudes to metalinguistic terminology as well as learners' knowledge of the terminology and teachers' awareness of the...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:24:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5782.pdf: 13660184 bytes, checksum: 9fdbdb4d214482d1c29427bf52b24c65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The aim of this work is to analyze participants reported cognition, their practice and the teaching context influence in regard to English as a Foreign Language (EFL) grammar teaching. According to Borg (2006), language teaching can be seen as a process that is defined by dynamic interactions among cognition, context and experience. The interest in investigating the cognition of novice teachers in relation to grammar teaching was based on the fact that the participants were educated on the studies of Batstone (1994) and Larsen- Freeman (2003). Both authors defend the view of grammar centered in the possibility of developing it as a skill (grammar as a skill / grammaring). Aiming at presenting and discussing possible connections among theoretical education, reported cognition, pedagogical practice and teaching context influences, we adopted the following data collection instruments and procedures: semi structured interviews, questionnaire, class observation, class recordings and stimulated recall interviews. The participants of this study are EFL teachers who had recently graduated from the same institution and taught, when data were collected, in two different teaching contexts. Based on the data analysis, it was possible to classify participants into three groups, which show different results in regard to grammar teaching. These findings show teaching contexts have influenced teachers practice, mainly regarding the possibility of integrating form and communication, considering the development of grammar as skill. In addition, it was possible to provide some insight into the area of teacher education reflecting about the relationship between theory and practice, aiming at developing efficient and meaningful EFL teaching in different educational contexts. / O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a cognição relatada dos participantes, sua prática docente e a influência do contexto de atuação em relação ao ensino-aprendizagem de gramática da língua inglesa (LI). De acordo com Borg (2006), o ensino de línguas pode ser visto como um processo que é definido por interações dinâmicas entre cognição, contexto e experiência. Interessou-nos investigar a cognição relatada do professor recém-formado com relação ao ensino de gramática, tendo em vista que a formação teórica desses participantes foi pautadd nos estudos de Batstone (1994) e Larsen-Freeman (2003), defensores da visão de gramática fundamentada na possibilidade de desenvolvê-la como habilidade (grammar as a skill /grammaring). Com o intuito de apresentar e discutir possíveis relações entre formação teórica, cognição relatada, prática docente e influências do contexto de atuação profissional, utilizamos os seguintes instrumentos e procedimentos de coleta de dados: entrevistas semi-estruturadas, questionário, observação e gravação de aulas e sessões de visionamento. Os participantes deste estudo são professores recém graduados, todos pela mesma instituição, atuavam, na época da coleta, em dois contextos distintos. Com base na análise dos dados, foi possível classificar os participantes do estudo em três grupos, sendo que cada um apresenta atuação distinta com relação ao ensino de gramática. Por meio dos resultados, foi possível tecer considerações sobre a influência dos contextos de atuação na prática do professor,sobretudo no que tange à possibilidade de integrar forma e comunicação, buscando o desenvolvimento da gramática como habilidade. Além disso, foi possível apontar encaminhamentos para a área de formação de professores, refletindo acerca da relação teoria e prática, visando ao ensino eficaz e significativo da LI em diversos contextos educacionais.