Äldrevården i Sverige har under de senaste decennierna genomgått en rad organisatoriska förändringar, bland annat genom införandet av New Public Management (NPM). NPM innebär mer fokus på ekonomisk effektivitet och ställer därför nya krav på mätbarhet och operationalisering. I ett försök att möta dessa krav och öka effektiviteten inom hemtjänsten har systemet TES implementerats. TES är ett planeringsverktyg som registrerar alla besök hos kunder samt planerar dagliga insatser utifrån tid och resurser. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och få en förståelse för hemtjänstpersonalens beskrivningar av det tidsstyrande planeringsverktyget TES. Uttryckt mer teoretiskt är vårt syfte att undersöka om TES kan förstås som en form av disciplinering och övervakning av hemtjänstpersonalen. Det empiriska material som ligger till grund för studien skapades genom en kvalitativ undersökning i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. I studien deltog åtta respondenter från fyra olika hemtjänstenheter i Uppsala kommun. Foucaults teorier om makt och maktskapande mekanismer används vid analysen av materialet för att närmare undersöka TES roll i hemtjänsten utifrån ett maktperspektiv. Respondenterna beskriver TES på ett sätt som gör att verktyget genom Foucaults teorier går att tolka som en maktutövande instrument med syfte att disciplinera personalen och effektivisera verksamheten. Respondenterna upplever att arbetet med TES och den hårda tidspress som verktyget medför skapar stress och har en negativ inverkan på de sociala relationerna på arbetsplatsen och även på kvaliteten på kundomsorgen.  Vidare går det i deras beskrivningar att utläsa att TES kan påverka maktstrukturerna och förstärka hierarkin inom hemtjänsten. Verktyget beskrivs även bidra till att personalen känner sig övervakad och kontrollerad. Flera av de intervjuade medger också att TES medför ett antal positiva effekter, bland annat att det ger mer struktur åt arbetet. Det framkommer dock i resultatet att de negativa aspekterna väger över och att systemet överlag verkar bidra till en försämrad arbetsmiljö.

The I-V characteristics of Tin films in the superconducting transition have been measured when ac current was applied. The experimental results suggest that the electrical response in ac is not satisfied with the I-V equation in dc. A new equation was suggested to describe the vortex motion and the vortex pair separation in the two dimensional superconducting transition with ac current, which is satisfied with our experimental results. The excess noises of Tin films in the superconducting transition have been found to depend strongly on the temperature and ac current. An empirical expression of voltage noise density in term of resistance has been used to fit the data. The peak of voltage noise density follows closely but always shifted down from dR/dT. Comparison with the dc noise measurement shows the voltage noise density with ac current is much larger than with dc current. The excess noises with ac appear earlier than the noises with dc. The difference of excess noises between ac and dc can be explained by the fluctuation of vortex pair separation process which dominates the noises generation in ac. I-V characteristics and voltage noises are measured simultaneously to reveal the nature of the excess noises. The coincidence of the excess noise and the third harmonic voltage suggests that the fluctuation of vortex pair separation process is one of the main contributions to excess noises in the two dimensional superconducting transition.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / There is a growing movement throughout the Department of Defense (DoD) towards the implementation of Network Centric Warfare (NCW). In an effort to transition to NCW, the Navy has fielded many different technologies. One system exploiting new technologies in the Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) domain is the Joint Fires Network/Tactical Exploitation System-Navy (JFN/TES-N), which was developed from the Army Tactical Exploitation System, (TES-A). This system was developed rapidly and uniquely for fleet deployment in accordance with the interim acquisition guidance signed by the Honorable Paul Wolfowitz. This guidance authorized Evolutionary Acquisition following a Spiral Development process in lieu of the "traditional" cold war process described in the DoD 5000 series publications. Assuming that (JFN/TES-N) will be viewed as a successful acquisition, several Navy personnel have stated that it may become the model for future C4I (and other) system acquisitions. This thesis seeks to help develop that model. The objectives of this thesis are: ʺ To examine whether the TES-N acquisition process is an appropriate model of Evolutionary Acquisition following a Spiral Development. ʺ To identify and make recommendations for changes or improvements to the TES-N acquisition program, so it can be used as a more appropriate model for Evolutionary Acquisition following a Spiral Development. This thesis concludes that Evolutionary Acquisition following a Spiral Development shown with the JFN/TES-N system is an acquisition policy that is appropriate for programs of the same size and scope, but larger more complex programs will not have as much success. Yet, in order for the JFN/TES-N program and future programs using Evolutionary Acquisition following a Spiral Development to succeed, changes have to be made in policies such as budgetary submissions, test and evaluation, policy, process, and training. / Ensign, United States Navy

Cultivation of a model cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 under low light conditions in the presence of glucose and TES buffer leads to a change of the medium color from colorless to yellow. The absorption spectrum of the excreted unknown compound indicated a possible relationship to plant chlorophyll degradation products. To confirm this speculation the compound was purified by a combination of solid phase extraction and HPLC. The mass and NMR characteristics excluded its close relationship to modified tetrapyrroles, nevertheless the precise structure could not be determined by these means due to a complicated nature of the compound and its high polarity.

Les particules cosmiques sont émises par différentes sources galactiques et sont composées de protons et de noyaux d'hélium. Ces éléments interagissent avec les matériaux et y déposent leur énergie par interaction nucléaire. L'instrument Planck/HFI a observé le ciel depuis l'espace dans le but de cartographier le fond diffus cosmologique. Pour cela, HFI embarque un plan focal refroidit à 100 mK composé de 54 bolomètres. Le flux de particules cosmiques, interagissant avec les composants des détecteurs (thermomètre, grille, wafer), chauffe ponctuellement les capteurs (glitches) ce qui entraine une dégradation du signal scientifique. Leur étude a révélé un autre effet thermique caractérisé par un chauffage global du plan focal de l'ordre du microkelvin, les High Coincidence Events (HCE). Deux familles de HCE ont été isolées dans les données : les rapides, générés par des gerbes de particules secondaires formées dans les couches externes du satellite et interagissant avec l'ensemble de l'instrument HFI ; les lents, généré par la vaporisation d'hélium formant un lien thermique ponctuel entre le plan focal et l'étage à 1,6 K lui faisant face. L'exposition d'une matrice de bolomètres TES à une source de particules α a démontré une réponse similaire mais également des glitches simultanés entre les pixels.Ces recherches démontrent que les particules cosmiques et les gerbes de particules doivent être étudiées afin d'éviter des effets thermiques prédominant. Le développement des prochaines générations de détecteurs, devront ainsi prendre en compte ces interactions indissociables d'une mission spatiale et s'en prémunir. / Cosmic rays are emitted from different galactic sources and consist of protons and helium nuclei. These elements interact with matter and deposit part of their energy by nuclear interaction.The Planck/HFI instrument observed the sky from space to map the Cosmic Microwave Background. For this purpose, HFI has a focal plane cool down to 100 mK and composed of 54 bolometers. The interactions of the cosmic ray flux with the detectors' components (thermometer, grid and wafer) heat up regularly the sensor (glitches) which leads to a degradation of the scientific signal. Studying them revealed another thermal effect characterized by a thermal increase of the entire focal plane up to the microkelvin range, the High Coincidence Events (HCE).Two HCE famillies were separated: the fast ones, generated by cosmic ray showers developed in the external layers of the satellite and interacting with the entire HFI instrument and the slow ones, generated by the vaporisation of helium forming a ponctual thermal link between the focal plane and the 1.6 K stage facing it.Exposure of a TES bolometer matrix to an α particules source showed a similar response but also simultaneous glitches on several pixels. This work demonstrates that cosmic rays and particle showers on next low temperature experiments has to be studied to prevent predominating thermal effects from it. The developpement of futur space experiments will have to take these interactions into account to elimiate them from data.

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The focus of this research was to create and characterize high temperature alumina and nitrate salt eutectic nanofluids for use in thermal energy storage (TES) systems. The nitrate eutectic was originally used in the TES system demonstrated as part of the Solar Two power tower and is currently employed as the TES material at Andasol 1 in Spain. Concentrations of alumina nanoparticles between 0.1% and 10% by weight were introduced into the base material in an effort to create nanofluids which would exhibit improved specific heat capacity to reduce the $/kWht thermal energy storage system costs. The composite materials were created using an aqueous mixing method in which both the nanoparticles and nitrate eutectic were placed into solution using acidic water. This solution was then sonicated in an ultrasonic bath in an effort to reduce nanoparticle agglomeration and to improve homogeneity. After boiling off the excess water, the nanoparticle-nitrate eutectic composite was recovered for characterization. The thermal properties of both the composite and base materials were characterized using the differential scanning calorimetry techniques outlined in ASTM E 1269. The created nanofluids were not stable and did not offer a cost-effective alternative to the current nitrate eutectic TES material. Despite these setbacks, a positive correlation between alumina concentration and nanofluid specific heat was demonstrated. Additionally, the specific heat capacities of the created nanofluids exceeded that predicted by the current theoretical models. These findings suggest that further work in the field of high temperature nanofluids for use in TES systems is warranted.

Swedish Armed Forces are according to their development planning process taking actions to establish a new joint unit (SWEWOSE), with electronic warfare capability. SWEWOSÉ S main task will be designated to produce electronic warfare libraries for electronic warfare systems within the armed forces. The unit shall have capability to support with libraries in any state of conflict situation even if the supported unit with library needs conducting operations abroad. This essay examines the requirements that justify the establishment of a new unit in times when the armed forces conducting reorganizations and cutbacks in both economy and personnel. The possibilities to buy complete system solutions from an external supplier are examined. But also what kind of library support model that is to prefer according to the demands that the Swedish Armed Forces desired, in terms of capability in platform protection and battle space awareness. The results show that the demands that the Swedish Armed Forces has decided, best will be ful-filled and justified by a national electronic warfare unit, with library production as a main task.

La thèse intitulée «Contributions aux systèmes de stockage d’énergie en utilisant des systèmes à partir de sources d’énergie alternatives» propose une étude des technologies de stockage d'énergie en sachant qu'elles sont considérées comme l'une des options qui peuvent faciliter une forte pénétration de sources renouvelables. Dans ce contexte, le travail présenté vise à comprendre les défis liés au stockage de l'énergie et à développer un modèle général d'étude utilisant l'air comprimé comme moyen de stockage d'énergie.La thèse est structurée dans dix chapitres dont les quatre premiers sont consacrés à la présentation potentielle des sources d'énergie renouvelables, à l'évolution du secteur de l'énergie au cours des dernières décennies et aux technologies de stockage d'énergie, notamment sous forme d'air comprimé. Les six autres chapitres concernent les calculs thermodynamiques théoriques dans la mesure où il s'agit d'étudier les performances d'un système de stockage d'énergie hybride et de présenter un modèle mathématique contenant les étapes prises en compte dans la conversion de l'énergie renouvelable en énergie mécanique, stockées dans une forme d'air comprimé et plus tard reconvertis en électricité. De plus, ces chapitres présentent des données expérimentales obtenues sur une installation de laboratoire qui ont contribué à la validation des résultats théoriques obtenus suite à une simulation Matlab, et enfin une étude de cas pour une application à petite échelle, 30 kWh d'énergie stockée, où vise à trouver une configuration optimale. De l'ensemble du système en termes de pression de travail de l'air, analysé sous deux points de vue, technique et économique. La thèse se termine par un chapitre de conclusions générales et nous constatons qu'il reste encore quelques défis à surmonter pour que le stockage de l'énergie sous forme d'air comprimé soit une solution possible d'une perspective économique. / The thesis entitled «Contributions to energy storage using hybrid systems from alternative energy sources» proposes a study of the energy storage technologies knowing the fact that these are considered one of the options that can facilitate a high penetration of renewable sources. In this context, the presented work aims to understand challenges in terms of energy storage and to develop a general studying model using compressed air as an energy storage medium.The thesis is structured in ten chapters from which the first four are dedicated to the presentation of the renewable energy sources potential, to the energy sector evolution in the last decades and to the energy storage technologies, especially in the form of compressed air. The other six chapters are dealing with the theoretical thermodynamic calculations as far as that goes in investigating the performances of a hybrid energy storage system and presenting a mathematical model containing the steps taken into account in the renewable energy conversion into mechanical energy, stored in a form of compressed air and later reconverted into electricity. In addition these chapters present experimental data obtained on a laboratory installation which helped in validating the theoretical results obtained following a Matlab simulation, and finally a case study for a small scale application, 30 kWh of energy stored, where is aiming to find an optimal configuration of the whole system in terms of air working pressure, being analyzed from two points of view, technical and economic. The thesis ends with a chapter of general conclusions and indicates that there are still challenges that must be overcome in order to make the energy storage in a form of compressed air a feasible solution from an economic perspective.