Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:16:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Khalil.pdf: 419134 bytes, checksum: d68531fb9bf8e873e2bc5313e90eab03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis intend to show the importance of the tacit knowledge in the educator formation. Firstly, we intend to explain the main p rts of the tacit knowledge, developed by Michael Polanyi during the XX century. After, we will make an aproximation between the tacit knowledge and the educational space, searching understand the discovery and the human perception, points considered by Polanyi like essentials to constitute our tacit knowledge. Watching the educational space, we will analise, specifically, the teachers of Literature. This dissertation, a bibliographic work, uses theoricals support like Polanyi, and another educational theoricals of Literature teaching, like Claudio Saiani and Antonio Candido.(AU) / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo evidenciar a importância do conhecimento tácito na formação do educador. Para tanto, pretendemos primeiramente conceituar os principais fundamentos do conhecimento tácito desenvolvidos por Michael Polanyi durante o século XX. Num segundo momento, realizaremos uma aproximação entre o conhecimento tácito e o campo educacional, tendo como objetivos a procura pela descoberta e pela percepção humana, pontos considerados por Polanyi como essenciais para a constituição de nosso conhecimento tácito. Aprofundando-se na dimensão educacional, analisaremos, em especial, os docentes no campo da literatura. De cunho bibliográfico, esta dissertação toma como base de referência os estudos de Polanyi, bem como outros teóricos da educação e da teoria literária, como Cláudio Saiani e Antonio Candido.(AU)

Thesis (Mtech(Quality))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011 / Knowledge transfer is considered to distribute knowledge and to ensure that it is used in future. At University level, the transfer of knowledge to students is the core function, and the effectiveness is therefore critical. To identify ways to manage and transfer knowledge is a challenge for the University and industry. The demands from industry are not necessarily communicated to the University, and therefore a gap could occur.It is difficult to determine the need for quality practices in industry and the gap could, in some instances, be blamed on improper knowledge transfer at University level. The lack of knowledge transferred between students and their employers is also possible. Students could, for various reasons, find it difficult to apply their knowledge.Knowledge transfer is diverse and the knowledge transferred between University and industry could be done through different channels. Understanding how the knowledge transfer processes impacts on the University’s ability to focus on requirements by industry is sometimes ambiguous.As knowledge expands, the application thereof could also be difficult to achieve in industry. The competencies and resources at the University should be put to optimal use in order to assist with the transition from University to industry, and to assist with the application of knowledge in industry. There must be synergy between the two entities. The gap could be narrowed when there is active involvement from industry and full cooperation from the University.

Thesis (MTech (Business Information Systems))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. / This research reports on a study conducted in the railway industry in South Africa, the purpose being to help the railway industry by showing how a knowledge management system can be used in the task of extracting tacit knowledge. In the light of the fact that railways in many countries throughout the world function as an effective mass transportation system for passengers, this study aims to design and propose a model that will help the railway industry in South Africa in the task of implementing a knowledge management system to facilitate the process of extracting tacit knowledge from experienced employees and making it explicit knowledge in order to sustain railway system operations. This study looked at the process of designing a model that is presented as a recommendation to be used for a knowledge management system in the railway sector in South Africa. The aim of this study is not to provide a technical solution but to give a viable and workable reply to the main research question of this study: How can a knowledge management system be implemented or deployed to the railway sector?

Thesis (MTech (Business Information Systems))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / Knowledge Management (KM) is a role player in assisting organisations to accomplish their desired goals and objectives by managing the knowledge embedded within individuals and available in systems. Furthermore, knowledge management considers the use of advanced technology to enhance existing knowledge, create new knowledge, and transfer knowledge. However, the process of managing knowledge cannot be successful without proper communication. When this knowledge and the associated expertise are not transferred, organisations are faced with a loss of intellectual capital as employees enter and leave with knowledge and expertise. It is therefore critical to understand who knows what, who needs to know what, and how to transfer the knowledge throughout the organisations. Hence, this research explores the dynamics of knowledge transfer in relation to communication strategies, tools, methods or systems that the selected company can implement in order to transfer knowledge between interest groups and throughout the organisation. The research philosophy adopted is subjectivism with an interpretivist stance. A qualitative research approach was applied. The data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive data analysis techniques. The results point to poor levels of understanding the concept of knowledge management and knowledge transfer in the organisation, resulting in departments following silo processes in an effort to transfer knowledge within their specific areas. However, these processes are not sufficiently effective and cause crucial man risk within departments. The results of this study should help the organisation improve its knowledge management processes and organise internal communication in a way that will improve knowledge transfer.

This report presents the steps for the construction of an instrument to asses practical intelligence -tacit knowledge- based on Sternberg´s theory (Sternberg et al., 2000). The process had different stages and different instruments were used. The first step was the detection of critical incidents starting from in depth-interviews to 25 cadets who were in a military training. The second consisted on the administration of the first version of the instrument (CTLM) to 150 freshman military officers. This version was designed taking into account the critical incidents identified in step one. In the third step 10 military officers (experts in military training) gathered in a focus group, assessed the quality of the tacit knowledge items. In the last stage, key answers were designed for optimal incident resolution, taking into account officers’ criteria and cadets’ answers to pilot version of the instrument. / En este estudio se presentan los pasos para la construcción de un instrumento para evaluar la inteligencia práctica –conocimiento tácito- basado en la teoría de R. Sternberg (Sternberg et al., 2000). Para ello se trabajó en diferentes etapas y con distintos instrumentos.La primera fue la detección de incidentes críticos a partir de entrevistas semidirigidas a 25 cadetes que realizan un programa de entrenamiento combinado académico/militar. La segunda consistió en la aplicación del instrumento piloto (CTLM) a 150 oficiales militares, egresados recientes, construido a partir de los incidentes críticos detectados. La tercera consistió en la evaluación de la calidad de los ítems mediante la técnica de focus group por parte de 10 oficiales instructores -expertos a cargo de la formación de cadetes. En la cuarta fase se diseñaron los tipos de respuestas esperadas para la resolución del incidente, según el criterio de los oficiales instructores y las respuestas específicas de los cadetes a la versión piloto del instrumento CTLM.

Em um ambiente de desenvolvimento de software a etapa de extração de requisitos é um processo complexo que envolve uma importante interação entre cliente e analista. Essa etapa é crucial para que um projeto se inicie de forma correta, desencadeando um efeito de assertividade e qualidade nos produtos desenvolvidos. A interação cliente analista pressupõe uma intensa troca de conhecimentos de natureza sobretudo tácita cuja interpretação afeta diretamente o resultado final do processo. Assim sendo, o objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a dimensão tácita do conhecimento no processo de definição de requisitos e sua relação com a qualidade em uma Fábrica de Software da Serra Gaúcha. A pesquisa é um estudo de caso único e utiliza métodos de Sensemaking para o resgate do conhecimento tácito. Para organização do conteúdo obtido nas entrevistas foi utilizado o software Atlas/Ti e para a análise foi utilizado o método dos mapas de associação de ideias. Os resultados indicam que o conhecimento tácito influencia a interpretação resultante da interação entre cliente e analista e por isso afeta o refinamento do requisito. Indicam também que o conhecimento tácito quando socializado, pode funcionar como um dispositivo de ajuste, promovendo a evolução do processo de definição de requisitos para que o produto final fique adequado à realidade. / In a development environment software requirements phase extraction is a complex process that involves a significant interaction between client and analyst. This step is crucial for a project to start correctly, triggering an effect of assertiveness and quality in the products developed. The interaction customer analyst assumes an intense exchange of knowledge of nature, especially tacit interpretation of which directly affects the outcome of the process. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the tacit dimension of knowledge in the process of requirements definition and its relation to quality in a Software Factory Serra Gaúcha. The research is a single case study and uses methods of Sensemaking to the rescue of tacit knowledge. To organize the content obtained in the interviews was the software used Atlas / Ti and the analysis method was used maps of association of ideas. The results indicate that tacit knowledge influences the interpretation resulting from the interaction between client and analyst and therefore affects the refinement of the requirement. They also show that tacit knowledge when socialized, can function as an adjustment, promoting the evolution of the process of defining requirements for the final product be suitable for reality.

A crescente necessidade em termos de informações remete a atitudes pró ativas em busca de maximizar a qualidade destas informações. No setor contábil, a elaboração de relatórios e sua apresentação aos clientes não constituem uma prática obrigatória aos processos contábeis, no entanto são fundamentais em termos de informações contábeis úteis ao processo gerencial e também decisório. A interpretação dos dados e informações contidos nesses relatórios possibilita a construção de estratégias fundamentadas em aspectos concretos do negócio. Por outro lado, o que se observa é que os profissionais envolvidos na elaboração e na apresentação dos relatórios contábeis possuem conhecimentos tácitos internalizados, que são um diferencial tanto em termos de desempenho como de qualidade final do trabalho. Estes conhecimentos são construídos com a prática ao logo do tempo. Assim este trabalho buscou estudar a dimensão tácita do conhecimento no setor contábil, utilizando os conceitos de Polanyi (1958 e 1966) e de Nonaka e Takeuchi (1995, 1997 e 1998). O objetivo foi analisar a dimensão tácita do conhecimento, sob a ótica dos elementos de ordem técnica e cognitiva, nos processos contábeis de elaboração de relatórios gerenciais e apresentação dos resultados aos clientes, em relação às práticas adotadas por organizações contábeis. O método utilizado foi um estudo exploratório a partir do resgate do conhecimento tácito, utilizando o sense-making de Dervin (1983 e 1999) e Weick (1995), associada ao método de análise de conteúdo conforme definições de Bardin (1977), Minayo (2004) e Vergara (2008). O estudo multicaso foi realizado nas organizações contábeis associadas ao Sescon-Serra Gaúcha, que implantaram o PQNC, Programa de Qualidade Necessária Contábil, categoria ouro. Uma proposição que emergiu do presente estudo é de que as técnicas de diálogo do sense-making, podem possibilitar a sistematização do resgate do conhecimento tácito no setor contábil e fundamentar a organização de uma base de conhecimento que poderia ser compartilhada e consultada pelos membros da organização. Outra proposição do estudo é que o conhecimento tácito quando compartilhado, pode influenciar os processos contábeis pela via de suas práticas, podendo ser um elemento central para a inovação incremental nos processos contábeis. Porém não é um processo espontâneo e por isso tem ser provocado, ou seja, a influência do conhecimento tácito só vai ocorrer na medida em que for resgatado. / The growing needs in terms of information refers to pro-active attitudes seeking to maximize the quality of this information. In the accounting sector, reporting and presentation to customers are not required to the practice of accounting processes, however are critical in terms of useful accounting information to the management process and also decision-making. The interpretation of data and information contained in these reports enables the construction of strategies based on concrete aspects of the business. On the other hand, what is observed is that the professionals involved in the preparation and presentation of accounting reports have internalized tacit knowledge, which are a differential in terms of both performance and quality of the final work. This knowledge is constructed in the context of the practice time. Thus, this work aimed study the tacit dimension of knowledge in the accounting sector, using the concepts of Polanyi (1958 and 1966) and Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995, 1997 and 1998). The objective was to analyze the tacit dimension of knowledge, from the technical and cognitive approach in financial management reporting and presentation of results to clients. The method used was an exploratory study in tacit knowledge, using the sense-making of Dervin (1983 and 1999) and Weick (1995), associated with the method of content analysis according to the definitions of Bardin (1977), Minayo (2004) and Vergara (2008). The multicase study was conducted in organizations associated with the accounting Sescon-Serra Gaucha, who deployed PQNC, Quality Program Needs Accounting, gold category. One proposal that emerged from this study is the techniques of dialogue from the sense-making methode, provide a systematization of the tacit knowledge in accounting and support the organization of a knowledge base that could be shared and accessed by members of the organization. Another proposition of the study is that tacit knowledge when shared, can influence the processes by means of its accounting practices, which may be a central element for incremental innovation. But there is not a spontaneous process and it must be triggered.

This multi-method ethnographic study explores the everyday lives of people with dementia living in the community, cared for by a spouse or family member. It examines three case studies of individuals with early to moderate stage dementia. The latter were attending a weekly day-centre group and this thesis explores their interactions with each other, individual histories, tastes, habits and daily habits. The primary aim of the research was to explore the natural role of music in the lives of these subjects as individuals and as a group. In doing so, this undertaking shows how, in supportive environments, agency and capacity can flourish, leading to constituents of ‘re-covery’, to use mental health terminology. This highlights some of the important matters that are overlooked where perspectives emphasise dementia as a disease of the brain. By contrast, it illuminates the role of social and environmental factors and their contribution to well-being. After initial interviews with each individual and in some cases, members of their families, five months of participant observation followed, primarily located in a home-based day care service. The data set was formed from 178 hours of field observations, a number of audio-recordings made during the sessions, and detailed field notes. This study shows that a close-up focus on the minute details of how a person lives their life and ‘dwelling’ with them for an extended period will illuminate many of the processes that work toward maintaining the well-being of people with dementia and facilitate their revitalisation. Significantly, it was the integration of music within and alongside the everyday tapestries of activities and events which helped create a space for connection and pleasure. The thesis findings reveal how the participants in this research repeatedly demonstrated expertise and insight, albeit not always verbally expressed, but shown in and through forms of practice as regards what was required for their well-being and how to achieve it. This achievement, however, also relied upon thoughtful and creative collaboration with others (carers, family members, etc.), working alongside the participants for mutually beneficial ends. The thesis concludes that what is required for people with dementia and their well-being does not differ substantially from what is generally required by humankind, but there are certain skills and modes of co-operative assistance that are necessary to ensure and maintain the well-being of people with dementia.

Security Operation Centers (SOCs) have become an integral component of business organizations all over the world. The concept of a SOC has existed for a few years now yet there is no systematic study documenting the occurrences of their operations. A lack of documented operational knowledge makes it a challenge for security researchers interested in improving operational efficiency through algorithms, tools, and processes. SOC environments operate under a secrecy culture as a result of which researchers are not trusted by analysts and their managers. This lack of trust leads to only superficial information through methods such as interviews. Moreover, security analysts perform their tasks using hunches that are difficult to articulate and express to an interviewing researcher. This knowledge is called tacit knowledge. Capturing rich tacit knowledge is crucial for researchers to build useful and usable operational tools. This thesis proposes use of long-term participant observation from cultural anthropology as a research methodology for security researchers to study SOC analysts and their managers. Over a period of four and a half years seven students in Computer Science, graduate and undergraduate, were trained by an anthropologist in using fieldwork techniques to study humans. They then took jobs as security analysts at five different SOCs belonging to academia and corporations. We made unexpected discoveries in pursuit of tacit operational knowledge. The first discovery was identification of human capital mismanagement of analysts as the root cause of analyst burnout. Specifically, a vicious cycle among analyst skills, empowerment, creativity, and growth causes analysts to lose morale and eventually leave the job. In fact burnout is a manifestation of number of tensions that are inherent in a security operations setting. This leads to our second discovery of recognizing and managing contradictions as a prerequisite for SOC innovation. Failure to acknowledge them can lead to dysfunctions in a SOC such as analyst burnout. Informed by the findings regarding the social aspects of SOC operations we attained the intended goal of capturing tacit operational knowledge. The thesis documents our experience in tacit knowledge capture through design of a framework for detecting phishing emails in near real-time. Studying human aspects of security operations and cyber-security in general must be done within a social and organizational context. This thesis proposes long-term participant observation of practitioners and end-users as a viable methodology to conduct cyber-security research in general.

Background: This thesis is about knowledge transfer and diversity at Nordic trading floors. The research is focusing on knowledge transfer and how it is influenced by diversity and the ties between homogenous people. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand how the knowledge transfer could be more efficient at Nordic trading floors and whether employees prefer to share knowledge with employees to whom they either have a weak or strong social tie to. We also want to see how homogenous people impact the flow of knowledge transfer. Methodology: This research is conducted through a case study of respondents working at trading floors at two different banks in the Nordic countries. The data is mainly collected through quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. Conclusions: Knowledge transfer at Nordic trading floors is implemented through different types of training and mentoring and by keeping up with strong social ties which is feeding the sociocultural arena. Homogenous people are contributing to knowledge transfer by spreading tacit knowledge while networking and socializing with each other. Wearing suits and playing golf might therefore help employees at Nordic trading floors to learn more.