Thesis (M. P. H.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Also available in print.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, 2016. / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2017-04-19T15:40:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_JunhitiNagazawa.pdf: 2733093 bytes, checksum: 03c160df755d72e680d11e67ab691ad3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2017-04-20T11:12:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_JunhitiNagazawa.pdf: 2733093 bytes, checksum: 03c160df755d72e680d11e67ab691ad3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T11:12:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_JunhitiNagazawa.pdf: 2733093 bytes, checksum: 03c160df755d72e680d11e67ab691ad3 (MD5) / Pessoas com Doença de Parkinson (DP) geralmente são acometidas por prejuízos na mobilidade e equilíbrio, pois quando submetidas às condições desafiadoras, sua coordenação para ajustar o equilíbrio torna-se mais complexa. A prática regular de Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) demanda movimentos em múltiplas direções, concentração e mentalização do controle da base de sustentação, bem como seu deslocamento (lento) com controle respiratório e manutenção da postura, favorecendo o aumento da força muscular de membros inferiores e aumentando a atenção à estabilidade durante a mudança de posição dos pés. Embora a prática de TCC demonstre melhora no equilíbrio de pessoas com DP, esta melhora precisa ser demonstrada através de avaliações sensíveis que analisem a resposta autonômica postural pela margem de estabilidade, a qual é prejudicada pela postura curvada na DP. Desta forma, com o intuito de verificar os benefícios do TCC para esta população, foi realizado um estudo quase experimental visando aferir o efeito de 12 semanas de treinamento de Tai Chi Chuan estilo Yang no equilíbrio dinâmico e na estabilidade postural de idosos com doença de Parkinson. Participaram da pesquisa 39 indivíduos com diagnóstico clínico de DP, sendo divididos em grupo experimental (Grupo TCC) com n = 23 e média de idade de 67,17 ± 10,299, e grupo controle (GC) com n = 16 e média de idade de 68,94 ± 10,421. Todos os participantes foram submetidos à avaliação dos sintomas motores, do nível de severidade da doença, equilíbrio estático e dinâmico. Na análise estatística foi verificada a normalidade da amostra dos dois grupos pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk e em seguida foi aplicada a ANOVA fatorial 2 way (pré e pós) X 2 grupos (controle e TCC) para verificar possíveis diferenças entre grupos e intra grupos, adotando um nível de significância de p ≤ 0,05. O Grupo TCC realizou 12 semanas de treinamento e o GC manteve suas atividades habituais; após este período, todos foram avaliados novamente e não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o GC e o Grupo TCC, mas houve diferença no equilíbrio estático e dinâmico no Grupo TCC após o treinamento (F= 6,110 e p = 0,02). Verificou-se que após o treinamento com TCC houve uma melhora nas amplitudes de deslocamento do centro de pressão (COP) e na velocidade do COP. Houve uma melhora das amplitudes AP (p = 0,006) quando o equilíbrio é testado sem estímulo visual e ML (p = 0,027) com base de apoio fechada e estímulo visual. A melhora na velocidade do COP foi verificada em todas as condições testadas. Conclui-se então, que o treinamento de TCC em 12 semanas é capaz de alterar positivamente o equilíbrio estático e dinâmico em indivíduos com DP. Diante disso, podemos afirmar que a prática do TCC não foi significativamente melhor quando comparada ao grupo controle; no entanto, mais ensaios clínicos com mais tempo de seguimento são necessários para confirmar os resultados atuais dos benefícios da prática do TCC para indivíduos com Doença de Parkinson. Devido à existência de poucos estudos abordando esta metodologia, são necessárias novas pesquisas nessa área. / Usually people with Parkinson's disease (PD) are affected by impairments in mobility and balance, on this account when are subjected to challenging conditions, the more complex coordination becomes to adjust the balance. The regular practice of Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) demands movements in multiple directions, concentration and mentalization of the control of the base of support as well as its (slow) displacement with respiratory control and maintenance of the posture, favoring the increase of muscular strength of lower limbs, And increasing attention to stability during changing of foot position. Although the practice of TCC demonstrates an improvement in balance of people with PD, this improvement needs to be demonstrated through sensitive assessments through the analysis of postural autonomic response by the margin of stability which is imparired by the curved posture in Dini order to verify the benefits of TCC, a quasi-experimental study was carried out to verify the effect of 12 weeks of Yang Tai Chi Chuan training on the dynamic balance and postural stability of elderly patients with Parkinson's disease. A total of 39 individuals with clinical diagnosis of PD were divided into experimental group (TCC Group) with n = 23 and mean age of 67.17 ± 10.299, and control group (CG) with n = 16 and mean age of 68.94 ± 10.421. All participants were submitted to evaluation of motor symptoms, level of disease severity, static and dynamic balance. In the statistical analysis, the normality of the sample of the two groups was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test and then the 2-way factorial ANOVA (pre and post) X 2 groups (control and TCC) was applied to verify possible differences between groups and intra groups Adopting a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The TCC Group performed 12 weeks of training and the CG maintained it usual activities, after this period all were reassessed and there was no statistically significant difference between the CG and the TCC Group, but there was a difference in the static and dynamic balance in the TCC Group after Training (F = 6.110 and p = 0.02). There was an improvement in the pressure center displacement amplitudes (COP) and COP velocity after TCC training. There was an improvement in AP amplitudes (p = 0.006) when the balance was tested without visual stimulus and ML (p = 0.027) with closed support base and visual stimulus. The improvement in COP speed was verified under all conditions tested. It is concluded that the training of TCC in 12 weeks is able to positively alter the static and dynamic balance in individuals with PD. Therefore, we can say that the practice of TCC was not significantly better when compared to the control group, however, more clinical trials with longer follow-up are necessary to confirm the current results of Tai Chi for Parkinson's disease. Due to few studies addressing this methodology, further research is needed in this area.

The use of complementary and alternative medicine continues to increase among people with depression. Tai chi, qigong, and yoga are classified as a subset of complementary and alternative medicine, called mind-body movement therapies. Tai chi originated thousands of years ago in China. Traditionally, tai chi is described as a practice that combines intentional breath and conscious movement to realign the opposing forces of yin and yang in the body. Nowadays, there is a diverse array of tai chi styles that may differ in their emphasis of physicality, flexibility, and attention to breath. Common forms include Yang and Sun styles. The current literature has postulated different biological mechanisms by which tai chi improves physical and mental health. Previous studies have found evidence of improved structural connectivity in brain regions involved in emotion regulation and self-awareness after regular tai chi practice. Furthermore, decreases in inflammation and improved balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems have been identified as potential biological mechanisms. Promoting systemic changes in biology, tai chi may have great value as a clinical intervention for a range of disease populations with comorbid depression. Indeed, 44 original clinical trials have been identified in patients with depression alone as well as comorbid metabolic and gastrointestinal conditions, cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, cognitive decline, neurodegenerative diseases, and other psychiatric disorders. In sum, the findings of these trials are mixed, with several studies suffering from small sample sizes and a lack of clearly detailed and published trial protocols. Furthermore, differences in intervention format as well as follow up-data duration across studies makes comparison of trials’ results difficult. Future research to assess tai chi’s efficacy would benefit from larger sample sizes, inclusion of more methodologically rigorous control and comparator groups, and a reproducible description of trial protocol. As complementary and alternative medicine becomes more established in traditional health care institutions, greater funding and research into how tai chi specifically impacts depression symptoms in different patient populations would improve the individually tailored nature of health care for people with complex disease profiles.

No description available.

Darbo objektas: Parkinsono liga sergančiųjų pusiausvyra, mobilumas. Hipotezė: Mes manome, kad Tai Chi pagerina žmonių, sergančių Parkinsono liga pusiausvyrą bei mobilumą. Darbo tikslas:nustatyti Tai chi poveikį Parkinsono liga sergančiųjų pusiausvyrai ir mobilumui. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Analizuojant klinikinius tyrimus nustatyti Tai Chi poveikį sergančiųjų Parkinsono liga pusiausvyrai. 2. Analizuojant klinikinius tyrimus nustatyti Tai Chi poveikį Parkinsono liga sergančiųjų mobilumui. Tyrimo metodai Analizuojami straipsniai atrinkti pagal šiuos atrankos kriterijus:tiriamieji, kuriems diagnozuota Parkinsono liga, Tai Chi užsiėmimai, dviejų grupių palyginimas, vykdytas klinikinis tyrimas, naudota unifikuota Parkinsono ligos vertinimo skalė, matavimai pagal stotis ir eiti testą (angl. timed up and go test), naudotas kompiuterizuotas eisenos tyrimas (angl. GAITrite walkway system).Analizuoti 2 straipsniai, analizuojamuose tyrimuose dalyvavo 221 Parkinsono liga sergantis asmuo, iš jų 143 (64,71 %) – vyrai ir 78 (35,29 %) – moterys. Tiriamųjų amžiaus vidurkis 65,5 m. Rezultatai Tai Chi grupės tiriamieji pagerino eiseną, taip pat stotis ir eiti testo rezultatus, bei įvertinimą pagal UPLVS. Išvados 1. Pagal analizuojamų straipsnių duomenis Tai Chi pratimai pagerina Parkinsono liga sergančiųjų pusiausvyrą; 2. Pagal analizuojamų straipsnių duomenis Tai Chi pratimai pagerina Parkinsono liga sergančiųjų mobilumą. / Object of the study:balance and mobility in patient with Parkinson‘s disease. Hypothesis: We think that Tai Chi can improve balance and mobility in patient with Parkinson‘s disease. Aim of the study: analise clinical trials to determine the impact of Tai Chi on balance and mobility in patient with Parkinson‘s disease. Tasks of the study: 1. Analise clinical trials to determine the impact of Tai Chi on balance in patient with Parkinson‘s disease. 2. Analise clinical trials to determine the impact of Tai Chi on mobility in patient with Parkinson‘s disease. Methods The analized articles chosen following these criterias: participants with Parkinson‘s disease, Tai Chi exercises/sessions, at least 2 groups, clinical research, used unified Parkinson‘s disease rating scale, timed up and go test, computerized GAITrite walkway system. We analysed 2 clinical articles, there‘d been 221 participants with Parkinson‘s disease, from them 143 (64,71 %) and 78 (35,29 %) – women. Average of participants‘ age – 65,5 m. Results Tai Chi groups participants improved their gait, also they had better results in timed up and go test and UPDRS. Conclusions 1. According analysed trials Tai Chi exercises improved balance in patient with Parkinson‘s disease; 2. According analysed trials Tai Chi improved mobility in patient with Parkinson‘s disease.

Quedas no idoso pode ser um evento devastador. Deve ser estimulada a conscientização desse grupo quanto aos benefícios de se manterem ativos. O tai chi chuan é um exercício de prática esportiva moderada que demonstra aumento no equilíbrio, marcha e postura. O objetivo foi avaliar a influência dessa modalidade no equilíbrio, postura e marcha de idosos ativos e saudáveis. Foi realizado um estudo transversal controlado com 76 voluntários, com 51 participantes da atividade para o equilíbrio, idade média de76, 8 anos. Foram utilizados quatro testes do Sistema Balance Master da Neurocom. Para análise dos dados a comparação das idades nos dois grupos utilizou-se o teste de Mann-Whitney (Siegel, 2006). O mesmo teste foi utilizado para todas as comparações entre os dois grupos quanto ao Teste Clínico Modificado da Interação Sensorial para o Equilíbrio (TCISEM), Teste da Caminhada (TC), Teste da Transferência de Sentado para em Pé (TSP) e Teste da avaliação Unipodal (TUP). O grupo do tai chi chuan apresentou valores significativos no equilíbrio e maior capacidade de recuperação. / Falls in the elderly can be a devastating event. Should be encouraged awareness about the benefits of this group to remain active exercises. Tai-chi-chuan is an exercise in sports practice demonstrates that moderate increases in balance, gait and posture. The objective was to evaluate the influence of this modality in the balance, posture and gait of elderly people active and independent. Was conducted a cross-controlled study with 76 volunteers, with 51 participants in the activity for the balance, average age de76, 8 years. We used four tests of the system\'s Balance Master Neurocom.For analysis of the data to compare the two age groups using the Mann-Whitney test (. Siegel, 2006). The same test was used for all comparisons between the two groups on the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration for the balance (TCISEM), the Walk Test (CT), Test of the Transfer of sitting for standing (TSP) and Test of the evaluation Leg (TUP). The group of tai chi chuan showed significant values in the balance and gait.

Au Laos, un pays d’environ 6,7 millions d’habitants, à peu près 58% de la population est bouddhiste. Les Tai Lue, population tai, habitent dans le nord du Laos entre les provinces dePhongsaly, Bokeo, Oudomxay, Sayaburi, Luang Prabang et Luang Nam Tha. Dans cette recherche, je m’interroge sur l’éducation des novices et la transmission des savoirs dans les communautés monacales lue. Cette étude s’intéresse aux pratiques didactiques des monastères tai lue en considérant que la transmission des savoirs entre les moines permet la réalisation des rites et cérémonies bouddhiques. Dans ces monastères, la transmission est basée en partie sur les textes mais aussi sur le savoir-faire. Comment les moines parviennent-ils à transmettre des savoirs oraux, textuels et corporels aux novices ? L'éducation dans certains monastères lue sera considérée notamment par l'étude des modes d'apprentissage corporels, des façons de faire et d'être. L'action conjointe en didactique est étudiée dans ces monastères. Elle est considérée comme étant une coopération entre le professeur et l'élève dans l’apprentissage d’un savoir. / In Laos, a country of about 6.7 million inhabitants, around 58% of the population isBuddhist1. There are an estimated 123,000 Tai Lue in Laos, mainly spread out in the north between the Phongsaly, Bokeo, Udomxay, Sayaburi, Luang Prabang, Luang Nam Tha provinces. My question is about novices’ education and knowledge transmission in the lue monastic community. I analyze the didactic relation which takes part in a novice’s identity education. In an anthropologic perspective, this research is based on the didactic system of a local network of North Laos lue monasteries. In a monastery, transmission is based on part of the textual knowledge (the explicit) and also on another part which is not determined officially (the implicit), the learning of which, (the know- how) is acquired by impregnation.With didactic supports how does the master transfer a corporal, textual and oral knowledge to his pupil? The education in some lue monasteries will be defined especially through the study of corporal learning modes, ways of doing and being. The combined action in the lue vat didactic system will be investigated. Didactically, the combined action is considered as the teacher and pupil’s cooperation in a learning acquirement.

Part 1. Characteristics of foot movement in Tai Chi exercise. The performance of 16 experienced Tai Chi practitioners demonstrating a whole set of 42-form Tai Chi movements were recorded with two cameras. The APAS motion analysis system was used to identify the foot supporting and stepping characteristics during the practice. Seven foot support patterns and six step directions were identified. The results revealed that compared with normal walking, Tai Chi movement had more double support and less single support total duration. The duration of each support pattern was longer and movement from one pattern to the next was slow. The duration of each step direction was short, and changes of direction were frequent. It was expected that support patterns changed slowly, and combined with various step directions, they were found to be better than those of walking in simulating the gait challenges that may be encountered in daily activities. / Part 2: The plantar pressure distribution during Tai Chi exercise. The purpose of this study is to describe and quantify the plantar pressure distribution characteristics during Tai Chi exercise and to explain the beneficial effects of Tai Chi on balance control and muscle strength as compared with normal walking. Sixteen experienced Tai Chi practitioners participated in this study. Five typical Tai Chi movements represented by stepping forward, backward, sideways, up-down, and fixing could be isolated from the whole set of 42-form Tai Chi. The pressure-time integral, ground reaction force, displacement of center of pressure during the performance of the five typical movements were recorded and analyzed by the Pedar-X insole system (Germany). Results showed that during Tai Chi movements, the loading of the first metatarsal head and the great toe were significantly greater than in other regions (p<0.05). The ground reaction forces varied between the Tai Chi movements and normal walking. Compared with normal walking, the locations of the center of pressure in the Tai Chi movements were significantly more medial and posterior at initial contact (p<0.05), and were significantly more medial and anterior at the end of contact with the ground (p<0.05). The displacements of the center of pressure were significantly wider (p<0.05) in the mediolateral direction in the forward, backward and sideways Tai Chi movements. The displacement was significantly larger (p<0.05) in the anterposterior direction in the forward movement. The plantar pressure characteristics of Tai Chi movements found in this study may be one of the important factors for Tai Chi's improvement of balance control and muscle strength. / Part 3. The duration and plantar pressure distribution during one-leg stance in Tai Chi exercise. The aim of this study is to quantify the one-leg stance duration and plantar pressure distribution during the one-leg stance in Tai Chi and to try to elaborate on its probable effects on the ability to balance on one leg. Sixteen experienced Tai Chi practitioners participated in this study. The Novel Pedar-X insole system (Germany) was used to record the plantar forces during the execution of a set of 42-form Tai Chi movements and during normal walking. The one-leg stance duration and plantar pressure distribution during the one-leg stance were analyzed. Results showed that in Tai Chi, the total duration spent in the one-leg stance was less (p<0.05), the duration of each one-leg stance was longer (p<0.01) and the medial-lateral displacement of the center of pressure was greater (p<0.05) than during normal walking. The peak pressure and pressure-time integral of the second and third metatarsal heads and the fourth and fifth metatarsal heads were significantly greater (p<0.05) than those of other plantar regions during the one-leg stance in normal walking; whereas the peak pressure and pressure-time integral of the first metatarsal head and the great toe were significantly greater (p<0.05) than those of other plantar regions during the one-leg stance in Tai Chi. The longer duration of each one-leg stance and the plantar pressure distribution characteristics during the one-leg stance in Tai Chi may be associated with an improved ability to balance on one leg. / Part 4. The muscle contraction characteristics of the lower extremities during Tai Chi exercise. The objective of this study is to examine the muscle contraction characteristics of the lower extremities during Tai Chi exercise and to explain the beneficial effect of Tai Chi on the improvement of muscle strength. Sixteen experienced Tai Chi practitioners participated in this study. Five typical Tai Chi movements, represented by stepping in forward, backward, sideways, up-down and fixing were selected. The electromyographic activity of the rectus femoris, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius, and anterior tibialis muscles were recorded by Delsys electromyography measurement system (USA) during the performance of five typical Tai Chi movements. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / Mao Dewei. / "August 2006." / Adviser: Youlian Hong. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: B, page: 1598. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-112). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

published_or_final_version / Gerontology / Master / Master of Social Sciences