Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is a part of total dissolved organic matter (DOM) and plays an important role in marine carbon cycling. Thus, a better description of the fates of CDOM may increase our understanding of DOM sources and sinks in marginal seas. This study aims to explore the distributions and possible controlling factors of DOM in the Taiwan Strait (TS) and the East China Sea (ECS) in the summer season. The TS is a marginal sea of interest as it receives freshwater from both Taiwan Island and Mainland China and it also connects water transports between ECS, South China Sea (SCS) and Kuroshio water (KW). The concentration of DOM is slightly higher in the western side (China coast) than in the eastern side (Taiwan coast), and the highest concentration is always found in the Minjiang plume, revealing a significant impact of river discharge. The absorption and fluorescence properties of CDOM varied to a large degree with space arisen from the mixing of source waters including freshwater (from Taiwan and Mainland China), Changjiang diluted water (CDW), SCS water and KW. The KW and river-plume waters (Changjiang, Minjiang) have the lowest and highest values for absorption coefficient (a(325)) and fluorescence intensity of terrestrial humic-like CDOM (Ft: Ex/Em= 320-360/420-460), respectively. Both a (325) and Ft correlated inversely with salinity. Although the spectral slope (S) varied only within a small range, it still can be used to differentiate water masses in TS, as the S value is generally lower in coastal waters than in SCS and KW. Meanwhile, Ft is highly correlated with surface DIN and Si in TS, showing that these parameters are strongly influenced by terrestrial inputs. There are six types of water masses mixing in the ECS in summer named CDW, Yellow Sea water (YSW), China coastal upwelling water, KW, Taiwan Strait Warm Current (TSWC) and Kuroshio upwelling water. Generally, the concentrations of DOC, DON and DOP are the highest in the surface water and decrease with depth due to strong degradation below the surface. The DOC/DOP and DOC/DON ratios of the most stations are higher than the Redfield ratio, showing a carbon enrichment of DOM in the ECS. The optical properties of CDOM show particular DOM characteristics in different water masses and reveal clearly the sources of DOM over various zones. After the operation of Tree-Gorges Dam, the CDW covering zone is likely reduced as reflected from the spatial patterns of salinity and absorption coefficient. The factor analysis implies that the terrestrial inputs and influence may be the dominant factor in constraining DOM and CDOM distributions in the TS and ECS.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007. / Thesis Advisor(s): Miller, Alice L. "December 2007." Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Mar 25, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-64).

Strategic Ambiguity: U.S. Policy Towards Taiwan since 1987 Jana Sehnálková Abstract This dissertation focuses on U.S.-Taiwan relations in the context of U.S.-China relations. It examines the development of mutual ties since the end of the 1980s when Taiwan started its transition towards democracy, which changed the dynamics of the relationship among Washington, Beijing, and Taipei. The dissertation also analyzes which events and issues impacted the development of mutual relations and examines U.S. reaction to such phenomena. These include, for example, the Beijing Massacre of 1989, Taiwan Strait crisis of 1995-1996, or the rise of China, which influenced the position, politics, and international space of Taiwan and with which the United States has to cope. The dissertation particularly focuses on the following questions: What motivates the United States to continue its support of Taiwan? How does Beijing react to such support and how does this impact the U.S.-China relations? The analysis concludes that the United States continuing support for Taiwan is motivated by ideological and strategic goals. Using the analytical frame of "pivotal deterrence", the dissertation shows that the United States takes a pivotal position and by its careful balancing between the PRC and Taiwan, Washington supports the existing...

Abstract The title of this thesis is ¡§ A research on framing the Free Trade Areas across the Taiwan Strait: from the Regional Economic Integration viewpoint¡¨. The main themes of this thesis can be categorized into two parts: 1.Elaborating the theory of Free Trade Areas and the legal framework of global economic law to find out the reason why GATT/WTO permits to build Free Trade Areas as an exception of the GATT/WTO Most-Favored Treatment rule; and further stating the meaning and inspiration of Free Trade Areas across the Taiwan Strait under the experiences of EU and NAFTA. 2.After entering the WTO, according to the international norm, it¡¦s a must for both sides of The Taiwan Strait to adjust their economic relationship and set up a cross-strait free trade zone from the experience of EU and NAFTA in accordance with the natural regularity of international economic development relationship. Taiwan and Mainland China, on two sides of the Twian Strait have become members of the WTO, and have officially connected with international trade and economic organism. It is essential for two sides to develop their economic interrelationship on the basis of the natural regularity of international economic development relationship. This thesis emphasizes that the development of economic relationship across the Taiwan Strait is a step-by-step process and suggests that the process can be divided into three steps as follows: 1.Normalization of economic relationship across the Taiwan Strait after entering WTO¡Ðit means that the activities of trade and investment across The Taiwan Strait should be transformed from ¡§indirect¡¨ into ¡§direct.¡¨ In addition, the restrictions on the movement of the people between Taiwan and Mainland China should be eased. These changes certainly lead to more problems for Taiwan side and it is urgent to negotiate and sign agreements with China for the Agreement of Trade and Investment in order to secure its benefit in the cross-strait economic development. 2.¡§One-step-forward framework¡¨¡ÐI would like to suggest that the second step of the cross-strait economic development should go one step forward to set up a framework under which the Free Trade Agreement, industries cooperation and Custom Unions to be fulfilled. 3.The setup of the Free Trade Areas¡ÐThe Free Trade Areas can be materialized though discussion between two sides based on ¡§one-step-forward framework¡¨ In this thesis, I found out that the best policy for Taiwan and Mainland China is to construct the Free Trade Areas across the Taiwan Strait under the legal framework of WTO. However, there are some prerequisites needed to be considered as follows: 1.Raising the international competition; 2.Averting to be marginalized under the trend of Regional Economic Integration; 3.Evaluating the complementary structure of industries between Taiwan and Mainland China with an analysis of the background, humanities and history between Taiwan and Mainland China. When the Free Trade Areas to be established in the future, it is recommend that the establishment of a Common Market across the Taiwan Strait will most benefit Taiwan and Mainland in the long run.

從過去對於經濟新聞與閱聽人的研究，得知一般人對於經濟論題認知不足 ，而且對於經濟知識的了解，也多來自於傳播媒介的報導，可見媒介是閱 聽大眾經濟消息的重要來源，同時在長期下，也模塑了閱聽大眾對於經濟 情勢的觀點。既然媒介常成為一般人對經濟事務的了解來源，商業雜誌─ ─專門針對經濟事項報導而設計的媒介──則具有重要地位。由於雜誌的 深入報導的特性：不僅呈現事件發生的原因，同時加以分析，使雜誌成為 了解一事件全貌的重要傳播通路；以經濟題材為主要報導的專業商業雜誌 ，更是傳達經濟見解到其他對同類問題有興趣者之最佳工具。商業雜誌究 竟如何塑造帶有政治色彩的兩岸經貿互動關係？此一議題在本文之前尚未 有人探討。根據本文的研究，商業雜誌的報導內容如對照客觀真實（發展 背景、兩岸貿易額與台商大陸投資額變動數據），大致反映真實的情況； 換言之，商業雜誌對於兩岸經貿的發展過程的描述並未失真，商業雜誌在 該項議題報導上是扮演著「鏡子」的角色。至於「塑造者」角色，本研究 由於僅針對商業雜誌的內容分析，並未對其閱聽眾進行調查，無法得知商 業雜誌對受眾的認知影響情形，僅能依據該報導內容與真實之間差異情形 進行推估。按本文的推論，商業雜誌在報導兩岸經貿互動關係之各項論題 時，與客觀之社會資料在時間序列上相似，並且不易區分兩者在時間變動 上的先後次序。以Rosengren（1981）提出的「文化與社會結構關係類型 」模式解釋，商業雜誌與社會結構之間的關係，可能彼此「相互依賴」， 商業雜誌對於兩岸經貿議題的報導，應是同時也扮演著「塑造者」的角色 。從本文的分析結果，印證媒介內容在長期之下對於閱聽人認知極可能有 一定程度的影響，尤其當受眾對於兩岸經貿議題缺乏親身經歷時。同時本 文也證實經濟性的專業雜誌對於經濟議題的報導上，充分發揮雜誌的特殊 個性。正因為商業雜誌「敘述兼評論」──深入報導風格，對於兩岸經貿 報導角度更需格外謹慎。

In this paper I start from the exploration of the change of industrial structure during the economic development in Taiwan after World War II. Through the document analysis, I find out the reasons why the manufacture and service industries move outside to mainland China and other areas around the world are because of the extension of market and the cut down of cost. Since China is the most important trade partner of Taiwan, I focus the study on the economic zones in China, especially the economic zone of West Coast of Taiwan Strait (West Coast economic zone). The argument of this paper is that Taiwan should take advantage of the favor policy of economic zones in China and build the supply chain in the certain economic zones with local comparative advantage industries. And the evaluation of Taiwan¡¦s economic strategy depends on which economic zone in China can offer the supply chain advantage industries with the need of Taiwan¡¦s industries. After the comparison of the current trends of the investment of Taiwanese businessmen in West Coast economic zone and other economic zones in mainland China, I find out West Coast economic zone is not Taiwanese businessmen¡¦s best choice to invest. To attract more investments from Taiwan, the authority of West Coast economic zone should alter its favor policy according to co-opettion strategy and to meet the need of Taiwan industries. In conclusion, I suggest the authorities on both side of Taiwan strait should offer the need of local comparative advantage industries according to the supply chain theory, by this way, we can get a win-win result for the both side of Taiwan Strait.

Abstract The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea in the world and connects with the East China Sea (ECS) through the Taiwan Strait (TS). This study investigates the distribution and biogeochemical behavior of both particulate and dissolved organic matter in the SCS and the TS based on samples collected on several cruises of the R/V Ocean Researchers I and III. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus (DIN and DIP), particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON) as well as dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus (DON and DOP) concentrations were determined. Concentrations of DON and DOP in the SCS are in the range of 1.2-9.9 mMN and 0.04-0.21 mMP, respectively. The surface DON concentration is the highest in the northern SCS, whereas it is the lowest in the southern part. The DOP does not show a similar trend. DON and DOP concentrations all decrease with depth but increase slightly near the bottom, perhaps on account of sediment resuspension. Because of the preferential degradation of DOP over DON, the maximum concentration of DOP appears at a shallower depth than that of DON. Approximately 11 % and 2 % of DIN and DIP respectively are attributed to the degradation of DON and DOP above 500 m in the SCS. Concentrations of POC and PON in the SCS are in the range of 1.06-2.84 mMC and 0.07-0.36 mMN, respectively. The distributions of POC and PON show similar patterns with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. The concentrations of these are the highest at the surface layer, decrease with depth, but then increase slightly near the bottom, perhaps again because of resuspension of the bottom sediments. The ratio of PON/POC is 0.138 in the euphotic zone, a value close to the Redfield ratio of 0.15. In the TS and the adjacent coastal zones, the effect of terrestrial input is obvious and results in higher POC, PON, DON and DOP nearshore. Ranges of these concentrations are 0.06-59.6 mMN, 0.01-1.29 mMP, 3.80-57.1 mMC and 0.19-3.4 mMN, respectively. There was an attempt to use the one-dimensional diffusion-advection model to estimate the DIN and DIP production rates and the DON and DOP consumption rates over the depth range of 900-2500 m. These values are, respectively, 0.036, 0.006, 0.021 and 0.002 mmol/kg/yr.

No description available.

兩岸在經歷數十年的和平演變之後，中共亦經歷數代領導人的軍事謀略轉化，為何中共會選擇在九五、九六年進行一連串的軍事演習與軍事事務革新動作？除了直接的政治目的之外，亦必有其內部的黨、政、軍之運作與領導人直接的軍事謀略思維有相當程度的互動與角力。若是單單從武器裝備的比較並不能看清中共對台軍演的目的，單從國際政治的角度也不易探求中共內部利益衝突的真相。 本論文先從謀略、軍事謀略及中共軍事謀略的基本認知和概念著手，進而與中共軍事演習的關係做一整理與分類，找出其間相互依存的關係，進而從較為宏觀的角度出發，依照本論文所發現之LIAR理論，從領導統御（Leadership）、智庫系統(Intelligence)、國家利益與安全觀(Aspect of Nation Security)、資源(Resources)等四個面向進行整理，從中外學者各項文獻的統整開始，到本人的觀察與心得作一綜整，探求中共軍事謀略的演變與內涵，以期為國內相關研究提供有益的貢獻。