This study presents mathematical surrogate models, derived from finite element kinematic response data, to predict car crash-induced occupant head and neck injury risk for a broad range of impact velocities (10 – 45 mph), impact locations, and angles of impact (-45° to 45°). The development of these models allowed for wide-scale injury prediction while significantly reducing the overall required number of impact test cases. From these, increases in both the impact velocity and the impact’s locational proximity to the occupant were determined to result in the greatest head and neck injury risks. Additionally, strong interactions between the impact orientation variables (location and angle) produced significant changes in the head injury risk, while the neck injury risk was relatively insensitive to these interactions; likely due to the uniaxiality of the current standard neck injury risk metrics. Overall, this methodology showed potential for future applications in wide-scale injury prediction or vehicular design optimization.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

This study aims to develop models for predicting rare events, specifically elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Using time-series data of ICP, we created and evaluated several machine learning models, including K-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, and logistic regression, in order to predict ICP levels exceeding 20 mmHg – acritical threshold for medical intervention. The time-series data was segmented and transformed into a tabular format, with feature engineering applied to extract meaningful statistical characteristics. We framed the problem as a binary classification task, focusing on whether ICP levels exceeded the 20 mmHg threshold. We focused on evaluating the optimal model by comparing the predictive performance of the algorithms. All models demonstrated good performance for predictions up to 30 minutes in advance, after which a significant decline in performance was observed. Within this timeframe, the models achieved Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) scores ranging between 0.876 and 0.980, where the Random Forest models showed the highest performance. In contrast, logistic regression displayed a notable deviation at the 40-minute mark, recording an MCC score of 0.752. The results presented highlight potential to provide reliable, real-time predictions of dangerous ICP levels up to 30 minutes in advance, which is crucial for timely and effective medical interventions.

<p>Uppsatsen har en kvalitativ ansats och är beskrivande till sin form.Dess övergripande syfte var att öka förståelsen för traumatisk hjärnskada. Syftet var att förstå meningsaspekter av skadan och att ge ett bidrag till förståelsen av olika variationer av livsvärldsförändringen. Hur traumatisk hjärnskada kan förstås utifrån ett existentiellt perspektiv var särskilt fokuserat. Forskningsfrågan löd: Vad och hur berättar några vuxna personer som i vuxen ålder drabbats av en traumatisk hjärnskada om erfarenheter och konsekvenser av skadan och vilka slutsatser kan dras av en fenomenologisk hermeneutisk analys av detta.</p><p>Åtta personer som varit patienter inom hjärnskaderehabilitering intervjuades. Intervjuerna spelades in på band och skrevs ner ordagrant. Analys och tolkningsarbetet följde en fenomenologisk hermeneutisk metod utarbetad av Lindseth och Norberg(2004).</p><p>Huvudtema med huvudspår, teman och subteman utkristalliserades. Begreppet gränssituation bildar huvudtema. Därpå följer konsekvenser med identitetsförskjutning, relation och tid, samt ytterligare fyra teman. I berättelserna visade sig både gemensamma och unika drag. Ett innehållsperspektiv och ett stämningsperspektiv framträdde. En slutsats som dras är att skadan provocerar det som man tidigare tagit för givet. Dels vad det gäller synen på vem man själv är och dels hur man förhåller sig till en större kontext. Relationen till mening visar sig genom att den världsbild som man gjort till sin förloras, förändras och/eller fördjupas.</p> / <p>This thesis has a qualitative approach and is descriptive in form. The overaching aim was to increase the understanding of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). The purpose was to understand aspects of changing meaning as a consequence of the injury and unique variations in clients´changed life-worlds. Particular attention was devoted the issue of how TBI can be understood from an existential perspective. The research questions were: What and how do adults who suffered from TBI relate their experiences and the consequences of the injury, and what conclusions can be drawn from a phenomenological hermeneutical analysis of their stories?</p><p>Eight persons, all former patients in rehabilitation, were interviewed. Analysis and interpretations followed a phenomenological-hermeneutical method outlined by Lindseth and Norberg (2004). Main themes and subthemes were crystallised. The concept limitsituation constitutes a main theme. There follows consequences as for example to identity dislocation, relation and time. In the informant´s stories common as well as unique characteristics transpired. Emphasis was on the mood, and the context under which experiences arised. A conclusion was that the injury provokes one´s already esatblished world-view and the relation to meaning was exposed and challanged. The world-view was lost, reduced and/or challenged.</p>

Uppsatsen har en kvalitativ ansats och är beskrivande till sin form.Dess övergripande syfte var att öka förståelsen för traumatisk hjärnskada. Syftet var att förstå meningsaspekter av skadan och att ge ett bidrag till förståelsen av olika variationer av livsvärldsförändringen. Hur traumatisk hjärnskada kan förstås utifrån ett existentiellt perspektiv var särskilt fokuserat. Forskningsfrågan löd: Vad och hur berättar några vuxna personer som i vuxen ålder drabbats av en traumatisk hjärnskada om erfarenheter och konsekvenser av skadan och vilka slutsatser kan dras av en fenomenologisk hermeneutisk analys av detta. Åtta personer som varit patienter inom hjärnskaderehabilitering intervjuades. Intervjuerna spelades in på band och skrevs ner ordagrant. Analys och tolkningsarbetet följde en fenomenologisk hermeneutisk metod utarbetad av Lindseth och Norberg(2004). Huvudtema med huvudspår, teman och subteman utkristalliserades. Begreppet gränssituation bildar huvudtema. Därpå följer konsekvenser med identitetsförskjutning, relation och tid, samt ytterligare fyra teman. I berättelserna visade sig både gemensamma och unika drag. Ett innehållsperspektiv och ett stämningsperspektiv framträdde. En slutsats som dras är att skadan provocerar det som man tidigare tagit för givet. Dels vad det gäller synen på vem man själv är och dels hur man förhåller sig till en större kontext. Relationen till mening visar sig genom att den världsbild som man gjort till sin förloras, förändras och/eller fördjupas. / This thesis has a qualitative approach and is descriptive in form. The overaching aim was to increase the understanding of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). The purpose was to understand aspects of changing meaning as a consequence of the injury and unique variations in clients´changed life-worlds. Particular attention was devoted the issue of how TBI can be understood from an existential perspective. The research questions were: What and how do adults who suffered from TBI relate their experiences and the consequences of the injury, and what conclusions can be drawn from a phenomenological hermeneutical analysis of their stories? Eight persons, all former patients in rehabilitation, were interviewed. Analysis and interpretations followed a phenomenological-hermeneutical method outlined by Lindseth and Norberg (2004). Main themes and subthemes were crystallised. The concept limitsituation constitutes a main theme. There follows consequences as for example to identity dislocation, relation and time. In the informant´s stories common as well as unique characteristics transpired. Emphasis was on the mood, and the context under which experiences arised. A conclusion was that the injury provokes one´s already esatblished world-view and the relation to meaning was exposed and challanged. The world-view was lost, reduced and/or challenged.

Le droit des investissements internationaux et l'Union européenne constituent deux systèmes juridiques qui sont désormais en interaction. La convergence de ces systèmes a été révélée lors de l'entrée en vigueur du Traité de Lisbonne, qui a initié un transfert de compétence en matière d'Investissement Direct Étranger et accorde donc la compétence à l'Union européenne pour conclure de nouveaux accords d'investissement. Dans le cadre d'un chapitre préliminaire, l'analyse tente tout d'abord d'expliquer pourquoi et en quoi le droit des investissements internationaux, tel que résultant de la pratique conventionnelle bilatérale des États membres, et l'Union européenne constituent deux systèmes juridiques en interaction. La méthodologie juridique nécessaire à l'étude des manifestations de la mondialisation juridique est quant à elle décrite. Par la suite, en distinguant les aspects matériels des aspects procéduraux du droit des investissements internationaux, cette thèse s'intéresse aux évolutions des rapports de ces deux systèmes et aux résultats des interactions normatives en cours. La première partie vise à démontrer que le droit matériel des investissements internationaux a fait l’objet d’une approche de la Commission européenne, mise en place dès les années 1990. Quant au droit procédural des investissements internationaux, il ressort que ses liens avec l'Union européenne ont été plus distendus et qu'il n'a fait l’objet que d'un volet qui a été attaché à l’approche européenne du droit matériel des investissements internationaux, à partir de l'entrée en vigueur du Traité de Lisbonne.Sur ces fondements, l'analyse met en exergue le processus d’européanisation en cours du droit des investissements internationaux, qui est relatif au mode de création de la norme internationale, à son contenu et à la participation de l’Union européenne à la procédure de règlement des différends, en vertu d’une procédure arbitrale devant être construite selon la configuration investisseur tiers-Union européenne. / International investment law and the European Union constitute two legal systems that are from now on in interaction. The convergence of these systems has been revealed by the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, which has initiated a transfer of competence in the field of Foreign Direct Investment and thus grants competence to the European Union for the conclusion of new investment treaties. Within the framework of a preliminary chapter, the analysis first attempts to explain why and how international investment law, as it results from the bilateral conventional practice of Member States, and the European Union constitute two interacting legal systems. The legal methodology that is necessary for the study of the manifestations of legal globalisation is described. Subsequently, by distinguishing between the substantive and the procedural aspects of International Investment Law, this thesis focuses on the evolutions of the relations between these two systems and on the results of the ongoing normative interactions. The first part aims to demonstrate that substantial international investment law has been the object of an approach from the European Commission, put in place as soon as the 1990s. As for procedural international investment law, it appears that its links with the European Union have been more tenuous and that it has only been the object of a component which has been attached to the European approach of material international investment law, as soon as the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. On these foundations, the analysis highlights the ongoing Europeanisation process of International Investment Law, which is related to the mode of creation of the international standard, its content and the participation of the European Union in the procedure of dispute resolution, by virtue of an arbitral procedure which should be constructed according to the foreign investor-European Union configuration.

This research study consisted of an examination of the role played by the educational psychologist in the emotional and social rehabilitation of the TBI adolescent. A survey of the literature reveals that traumatic brain injury during adolescence negatively impacts on their adaptation, development and functioning after the acute phase of the rehabilitation process. In order to study this phenomenon, a psycho-educational perspective was utilised. An in-depth qualitative study was undertaken by means of a case study design. The two cases being presented offers the reader insight into the cases pre-morbid functioning, the accident and its aftermath, the specific traumatic brain injuries, the emotional and social problems encountered by these adolescents as well as the psychotherapeutic interventions applied by the educational psychologist in the rehabilitation process of the cases under investigation. The conclusions reached from this investigation were that traumatic brain injury during the developmental phase of adolescence, negatively impacts on the emotional and social well being of these adolescents, and that the educational psychologist plays a valuable role in the emotional and social rehabilitation of these adolescents. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

Les dysfonctions attentionnelles suivant un traumatisme craniocérébral (TCC) compliquent souvent la reprise des activités de la vie quotidienne et influencent négativement le pronostic de réinsertion socio-académique et professionnelle. Or, les cliniciens de réadaptation disposent d’un nombre limité d’outils de remédiation cognitive dont l’efficacité est démontrée et qui sont adaptés à une population francophone. Cette étude vise à démontrer l’efficacité d’un protocole d’entrainement intensif des fonctions attentionnelles : « Attention! Prêt? On s’enTraine! » (Séguin, Lahaie & Beauchamp, 2012), basé sur une adaptation française de l’« Attention Process Training-I » (APT-I; Sohlberg & Mateer, 1987). Dix-sept participants ayant subi un TCC et présentant des déficits attentionnels ont reçu 15 séances d’entrainement attentionnel avec le programme « Attention! Prêt? On s’enTraine! » (n = 8) ou de l’aide aux devoirs (n = 9). Suite à l’intervention, les participants du groupe expérimental ont amélioré leur rendement dans plusieurs fonctions ciblées par l’intervention attentionnelle, notamment au niveau du balayage visuel, de l’attention sélective et de l’alternance attentionnelle. De plus, les gains se sont généralisés à des fonctions connexes, puisqu’une meilleure performance a été retrouvée dans des tâches de mémoire de travail, d’inhibition, de flexibilité cognitive et de planification visuoconstructive. La démonstration de l’effet positif d’un entrainement intensif sur le rendement attentionnel pourrait inciter les cliniciens et chercheurs à développer et à valider d’autres protocoles de remédiation cognitive francophones, pour les fonctions attentionnelles ou d’autres sphères de la cognition. Par le fait même, le pronostic fonctionnel de la clientèle pédiatrique en traumatologie en sera potentialisé. / Attention dysfunctions following traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently complicate the return to activities of daily living and negatively influence professional and socioacademic reintegration. Yet, clinicians in rehabilitation settings have limited access to cognitive remediation protocols for which efficacy has been demonstrated and that are adapted to French populations. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the intensive attention process training program « Attention! Prêt? On s’enTraine! » (Séguin, Lahaie & Beauchamp, 2012) based on a French adaptation of the « Attention Process Training-I » program (APT-I; Sohlberg & Mateer, 1987). Over five weeks, 17 participants who sustained TBI and demonstrated attention deficits received either the attention process training intervention (n = 8) or homework assistance (n = 9). Following the intervention, the experimental group improved on functions targeted by the « Attention! Prêt? On s’enTraine! » program, specifically, visual scanning, visual selective attention and attentional shifting. They also showed significant transfer gains on related tasks including measures of working memory, inhibition, mental flexibility and visuoconstructive planning. The demonstration of a positive effect of an intensive attention training program on attentional performances after TBI is likely to support and reinforce the development and validation of French cognitive remediation protocols, ultimately leading to improvements in the prognosis for individuals with TBI.