The purpose of this study was to examine how four teachers with different teaching experiences treat and think about insubordination in school. The study emphasizes on questions like: When and why does disorder occur? How do the teachers manage disorderly conduct in the classroom? and Could there be a conflict between the teacher’s expectations and management, and the needs and motivation of the pupil?    It was evident through interviews with these four teachers that their statements could be divided into similar themes which subsequently could be put into the motivational structure of Abraham H. Maslow.        The conclusion of the study was that teachers may possibly have a better chance of managing disorder in their classroom if they are aware of the connection between disorderly conduct and a person’s needs and motivation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:53:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Regina Rodrigues Pereira Santos.pdf: 1808561 bytes, checksum: 5f95b90ff543a974256114000852e796 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-31 / This research had as an aim to reflect about the concept of pedagogical authority concerning to the analysis of discourses of a local teacher and her students, by apprehending some of the multiple meanings that enabled us to get from them in relation to what has been lived in the teaching practice. The studies were accomplished from a text production elaborated by the students about the thematic topic that has been already mentioned, followed by sessions of semi-structured interviews with them, as well as the referred teacher. In order to accomplish this study a theoretical procedure was used the Analysis of the Discourse (AD) based on the works of renowned French scholars, who have the purpose to consider the social and historical determination of the individuals, concerning to what the say, and attempting to the productive conditions in which the discourses were constructed. They also constituted the theoretical base of this research with the contribution of eminent philosophers such as Hannah Arendt (2000) and Michel Foucault (1989-2001), who enabled us to discuss about the concepts of authority and power, and theorists like Pêcheux (1988), Orlandi (1987-2000) and Roure (1996-2003), helping us in the well-thought creation of the AD. Concerning to the purpose of this research, the analysis showed us that among the innumerable meanings about authority given by the reported individuals, we observed the presence of relation word/ knowledge/ power, in which the power of the master is assured by a mediatorial knowledge of the discourse, which is sustained through his work, commitment and responsibility while practicing it, which enables us to transmit the experiences for future generations. / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo refletir sobre o conceito de autoridade pedagógica a partir da análise dos discursos de uma professora e de seus alunos, apreendendo alguns dos múltiplos sentidos apresentados por estes, em relação ao exercício da prática docente vivenciada. O estudo foi realizado a partir de uma produção de texto elaborada pelos alunos sobre a temática em questão, seguida de sessões de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os mesmos, bem como com a referida professora. Para fins de efetivação desse estudo, foi utilizado o dispositivo teórico Análise do Discurso (AD) da escola francesa, que tem como objetivo considerar a determinação histórico-social dos sujeitos na apreensão dos sentidos de seus dizeres, atentando para as condições de produção nas quais os discursos foram construídos. Também constituíram a fundamentação teórica da pesquisa contribuições de filósofos como Hannah Arendt (2000) e Michel Foucault (1989, 2001) que possibilitaram a discussão dos conceitos de autoridade e poder; de teóricos como Pêcheux (1988), Orlandi (1987 2000) e Roure (1996 2003) no engendramento conceitual da AD. Quanto ao objetivo, as análises mostraram que dentre os inúmeros significados dados pelos referidos sujeitos ao termo autoridade, observamos o comparecimento da relação palavra/saber/poder, em que o poder do mestre é assegurado pelo saber mediado pela palavra, e mantido mediante o seu trabalho, compromisso e responsabilidade no exercício de sua prática, possibilitando a transmissão da experiência às gerações futuras.

This diploma thesis focuses on classroom environment and the possibilities of psychological intervention. The theoretical part deals with three main topics: classroom as a small social group, classroom environment and the possibilities of psychological intervention in such an environment. It describes the functioning of a classroom as a small social group, the principles of its development and relevant diagnostic methods. Classroom environment is defined by the components it is made of and aspects it is influenced by. Further on, the topic of positive classroom environment and its impact on the effectiveness of the instruction and the development of the personality of the pupils are discussed. The last topic outlines the possibilities of psychological intervention from the teacher's and school psychologist's points of view. The empirical part presents the outcomes of a research carried out in nine grammar school classrooms in order to analyse their environment - first-year students in comparison with fifth-year students. A set of three methods, two questionnaires and one graphic method, were used in the research. The results have shown corresponding tendencies in the environment of groups functioning on a long-term basis and newly-formed ones. Psychological intervention in the environment of selected...

Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar kunskapsutvecklingen och motivationen i matematik hos gymnasieelever i matematiksvårigheter. Forskning som presenteras i denna studie visar att inom motivation finns det flera olika påverkansfaktorer som tillsammans har stor påverkan för en individs lärande. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten som detta arbete utgår ifrån är motivation som delas in i inre och yttre påverkansfaktorer. De inre faktorer som vi utgår från är matematikängslan, självförtroende och de mål med skolgången som eleven sätter upp för sig själv. De yttre faktorer som vi utgår från är skolans lärmiljöer, undervisning och även ett avstamp i relationellt perspektiv, där lärare-elevrelationer är centrala då undervisning och inlärning inte kan ske utan dessa. Som metod användes semistrukturerade intervjuer där totalt åtta gymnasieelever intervjuades individuellt vid ett tillfälle. Samtliga av dessa elever upplevs av sina lärare att de har gjort ovanligt stora framsteg under den tid de har gått på gymnasieskolan, där de gått från att ha stora matematiksvårigheter till att nu klara av och följa med i matematikundervisningen. Då resultaten analyserades framkom tydligt att eleverna nu befann sig i en bättre lärmiljö som i större utsträckning är mer tillgänglig för eleverna, för att de ska kunna ta till sig kunskaperna inom matematik. Undervisningen är nu mer strukturerad, tydlig och även mer vägledande. Flera av respondenterna har nu även en form av målsträvan i matematiken som varierade och gällde högre betyg, högre kunskaper och/eller behörighet att söka högre studier. Samtidigt upplevde respondenterna att de hade bättre relationer med sina lärare och att lärarna uppfattades i högre grad som stödjande, genuint intresserade av att lära ut och att respondenterna skulle lyckas. Läraren hade stor roll för att respondenternas självförtroende i matematik skulle kunna repareras. / The aim of this study is to analyze which factors affects the development of knowledge, and the motivation of mathematic students with difficulties in mathematics in upper secondary school. Studies presented in this work shows that within motivation there are several factors which influence and together they have a huge impact upon students learning. The theoretical perspective which this study use is that motivation can be separated into intrinsic and extrinsic factors which influences individuals. The intrinsic factors we studied are mathematical anxiety, self-confidence and the inner goals which originates from within the student. The extrinsic factors we studied are learning environment, teaching and the relational perspective, where teacher-student relationships are fundamental for all education and learning cannot take place without it. As a method, we used semi structured interviews where a total of eight students in upper secondary school were interviewed individually at one occasion. All of the students are perceived by their teachers to have done remarkable progress in mathematics during the time they have studied in upper secondary school, as they have gone from having mathematical difficulties to be able to participate and to be active in the mathematics education. When the results were analyzed, we understood that students today are in a preferable learning environment which to a greater extent is more accessible for students, therefore their ability to learn mathematics has improved. The teaching now is better structured, distinct and also more formative. Several respondents now also have an achievement goal varying between higher grades, better knowledge and/or to be qualified for higher studies. At the same time the respondents experience better teacher-student relations and perceive their teachers as being more supportive, genuinely more interested to teach and committed to the success of the students. The teachers have had a huge impact to restore the respondent’s self-confidence in mathematics.

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Background: Previous research has recently focused on the relationship between teachers and students in the classroom and what significance it has for students' well-being and schooling. Research shows that the relationship is important for students, not least to facilitate schooling and achieve the knowledge goals. Overall, it is important for students' well-being and success. However, many studies focus on what happens in the classroom, this study instead highlights the importance of the relationship between teacher and student in a broader perspective.Aim: The purpose was to study how teachers and students view their relationship outside the classroom and what significance it has from a health-promoting perspective. Method: A qualitative study was conducted in the spring of 2020, with a structured sample consisting of three 15-year-old students and three teachers, who were interviewed from a semistructured interview guide. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Result: The study resulted in two categories of social support and communication as well as the physical environment that is important for creating a good relationship between teachers and students outside the classroom to increase a health-promoting school climate. The analysis revealed two categories and eight subcategories that are important for students and teachers from a health-promoting perspective. Conclusion: A good relationship between students and teachers is important for both parties, by giving and receiving social support, where social interaction is a central factor and having a personal commitment to create and maintain the relationship. The physical environment in the corridors is also important in order to be able to promote health, for example teachers are more often in the corridor to build and maintain relationships. / Bakgrund: Tidigare forskning har senaste tiden fokuserat på relationen mellan lärare och elever i klassrummet och vilken betydelse det har för elevers välmående och skolgång. Forskningen visar på att relationen är viktig för elever, inte minst för att underlätta skolgången och klara kunskapsmålen. Sammantaget är det av vikt för elevers välbefinnande och framgång. Många studier fokuserar dock på det som sker i klassrummet, den här studien lyfter istället betydelsen av relationen mellan lärare och elev i ett vidare perspektiv. Syfte: Syftet var att studera hur lärare och elever ser på deras relation utanför klassrummet och vilken betydelse det har ur ett hälsofrämjande perspektiv. Metod: En kvalitativ studie har genomförts våren 2020, med ett strukturerat urval som utgjordes av tre elever och tre lärare, vilka intervjuades från en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat: Studien resulterade i två kategorier socialt stöd och kommunikation samt den fysiska miljön som är viktig för att skapa en bra relation mellan lärare och elever utanför klassrummet för att öka ett hälsofrämjande skolklimat. Av analysen framkom två kategorier och åtta subkategorier som är betydelsefulla för elever och lärare ur ett hälsofrämjande perspektiv. Slutsats: En god relation mellan elever och lärare är viktig för båda parter, detta genom att ge och få socialt stöd, där det sociala samspelet är en central faktor och att ha ett personligt engagemang för att skapa och bibehålla relationen. Även den fysiska miljön i korridorerna är viktigt för att kunna främja hälsan, att exempelvis lärare befinner sig oftare i korridoren för att bygga och bibehålla relationer.